Did you mean: aero coccaceae
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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jan 2016Aerococci have often been misidentified as streptococci in microbiology laboratories, leading to an underestimation of these bacteria as causes of human infections. An... (Review)
Review
Aerococci have often been misidentified as streptococci in microbiology laboratories, leading to an underestimation of these bacteria as causes of human infections. An increased awareness of aerococci and the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, has led to an increased isolation of Aerococcus urinae and Aerococcus sanguinicola from human urine and blood. The two species are found in human urine and can cause urinary tract infections (UTI). Aerococcus urinae can, in older males with underlying urinary tract conditions, cause invasive infections such as urosepsis or infective endocarditis. The prognosis of invasive aerococcal infections appears to be relatively favourable despite the old age of patients and their many comorbidities. Though clinical breakpoints are still not in place, aerococci seem to be sensitive to penicillins, carbapenems and vancomycin. There is synergy between penicillin and aminoglycosides against some A. urinae isolates and this combination is often used in aerococcal infective endocarditis. The treatment of complicated aerococcal UTI is not obvious as many isolates are resistant to fluoroquinolones. In addition, A. urinae is resistant to sulphamethoxazole, and there are methodological problems in the determination of trimethoprim sensitivity. In complicated UTI, ampicillin is probably a safe treatment option, whereas nitrofurantoin is probably effective in uncomplicated UTI. Treatment studies in aerococcal infections are needed as is a better understanding of the natural niches for aerococci and the pathogenesis and clinical course of aerococcal infections.
Topics: Aerococcus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sepsis; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine
PubMed: 26454061
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.09.026 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, accompanied by motor deficits as well as gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Recent studies have proved that...
BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, accompanied by motor deficits as well as gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Recent studies have proved that the disturbance of gut microbiota and metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of PD; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects have yet to be elucidated. Curcumin (CUR) has been reported to provide neuroprotective effects on neurological disorders and modulate the gut flora in intestinal-related diseases. Therefore, it is of significant interest to investigate whether CUR could exert a protective effect on PD and whether the effect of CUR is dependent on the intestinal flora and subsequent changes in metabolites.
METHODS
In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of CUR on a mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to explore the profile of the gut microbiota among controls, MPTP-treated mice and CUR-treated mice. Then, antibiotic treatment (ABX) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were conducted to examine the role of intestinal microbes on the protective effects of CUR in PD mice. Furthermore, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis was used to identify the landscape of the CUR-driven serum metabolome. Finally, Pearson's analysis was conducted to investigate correlations between the gut flora-metabolite axis and CUR-driven neuroprotection in PD.
RESULTS
Our results showed that CUR intervention effectively improved motor deficits, glial cell activation, and the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in MPTP-treated mice. 16S rRNA sequencing showed elevated abundances of , , and but depleted abundances of and in CUR-treated mice when compared with MPTP mice. ABX and FMT experiments further confirmed that the gut microbiota was required for CUR-induced protection in PD mice. Serum metabolomics analysis showed that CUR notably upregulated the levels of tyrosine, methionine, sarcosine and creatine. Importantly, strong correlations were identified among crucial taxa (, , , , and ), pivotal metabolites (tyrosine, methionine, sarcosine and creatine) and the motor function and pathological results of mice. CUR treatment led to a rapid increase in the brain levels of tyrosine and levodopa (dopa) these changes were related to the abundances of and .
CONCLUSIONS
CUR exerts a protective effect on the progression of PD by modulating the gut microbiota-metabolite axis. and , along with key metabolites such as tyrosine and dopa play a dominant role in CUR-associated neuroprotection in PD mice. Our findings offer unique insights into the pathogenesis and potential treatment of PD.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Creatine; Curcumin; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Levodopa; Metabolome; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Parkinson Disease; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sarcosine
PubMed: 36034698
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887407 -
Science Advances Feb 2019Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating mental disorder with poorly defined underlying molecular mechanisms. The gut microbiome can modulate brain function and behaviors...
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating mental disorder with poorly defined underlying molecular mechanisms. The gut microbiome can modulate brain function and behaviors through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Here, we found that unmedicated and medicated patients with SCZ had a decreased microbiome α-diversity index and marked disturbances of gut microbial composition versus healthy controls (HCs). Several unique bacterial taxa (e.g., Veillonellaceae and Lachnospiraceae) were associated with SCZ severity. A specific microbial panel (Aerococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Brucellaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Rikenellaceae) enabled discriminating patients with SCZ from HCs with 0.769 area under the curve. Compared to HCs, germ-free mice receiving SCZ microbiome fecal transplants had lower glutamate and higher glutamine and GABA in the hippocampus and displayed SCZ-relevant behaviors similar to other mouse models of SCZ involving glutamatergic hypofunction. Together, our findings suggest that the SCZ microbiome itself can alter neurochemistry and neurologic function in ways that may be relevant to SCZ pathology.
PubMed: 30775438
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8317 -
Annales de Cardiologie Et D'angeiologie Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Aerococcus
PubMed: 38341991
DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2023.101629 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Dec 2015Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are fastidious Gram-positive cocci comprised of the species Abiotrophia defectiva, Granulicatella adiacens, and Granulicatella...
Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are fastidious Gram-positive cocci comprised of the species Abiotrophia defectiva, Granulicatella adiacens, and Granulicatella elegans. NVS are an important cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed for 14 antimicrobials using the broth microdilution MIC method described in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M45 guideline. A total of 132 clinical NVS blood isolates collected from 2008 to 2014 were tested. Species level identification of NVS isolates was achieved by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Ninety isolates were identified as G. adiacens, 37 as A. defectiva, and 5 as G. elegans. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (MIC90 = 1 μg/ml), and none displayed high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. G. adiacens was considerably more susceptible to penicillin than A. defectiva (38.9% versus 10.8% of isolates susceptible) but was less susceptible to cephalosporins than was A. defectiva (43.3% versus 100% of isolates susceptible to ceftriaxone). Several isolates were resistant to levofloxacin (6%), erythromycin (51%), and clindamycin (10%). The MIC90 for daptomycin was ≥ 4 μg/ml for G. adiacens and A. defectiva. G. elegans isolates were 100% susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, with the exception of erythromycin, to which only 20% were susceptible. This study provides antimicrobial susceptibility data for a recent collection of NVS and demonstrates important NVS species-related differences with respect to susceptibility to penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and daptomycin. Species-level identification of NVS organisms when susceptibility testing is not readily available may aid in treatment decisions.
Topics: Abiotrophia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carnobacteriaceae; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Los Angeles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Typing; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 26666926
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02645-15 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Apr 2016
Topics: Abiotrophia; Agar; Culture Media; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 27314997
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182016000200009 -
Medicina Clinica Sep 2021
Topics: Abiotrophia; Endocarditis; Humans
PubMed: 32843218
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.050 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2020Three strains of a Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, and coccoid species were isolated from German bulk tank milk. Phylogenetic analyses...
Three strains of a Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, and coccoid species were isolated from German bulk tank milk. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the three strains (WS4937, WS4759 and WS5303) constitute an independent phylogenetic lineage within the family with CCUG 36813 (93.7-94.1 %) and M1831/95/2 (93.5 %) as most closely related type species. The unclassified strains demonstrated variable growth with 6.5 % (w/v) NaCl and tolerated pH 6.5-9.5. Growth was observed from 12 to 39 °C. Their cell-wall peptidoglycan belongs to the A1 type (l-Lys-direct) consisting of alanine, glutamic acid and lysine. The predominant fatty acids were C ω9, C and C ω9 and in the polar lipids profile three glycolipids, a phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and diphosphatidylglycerol were found. The G+C content of strain WS4937 was 37.4 mol% with a genome size of ~3.0 Mb. Based on phylogenetic, phylogenomic and biochemical characterizations, the isolates can be demarcated from all other genera of the family and, therefore, the novel genus gen. nov. is proposed. The type species of the novel genus is gen. nov., sp. nov. WS4937 (=DSM 109652=LMG 31441).
Topics: Aerococcaceae; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Milk; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 32744986
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004344 -
Microorganisms May 2023Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of microorganisms of the order in the phylum, subdivision , comprising, at this stage of taxonomic descriptions six...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of microorganisms of the order in the phylum, subdivision , comprising, at this stage of taxonomic descriptions six families (, , , , and ) [...].
PubMed: 37317164
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051190 -
The Journal of Infection Jun 2013Aerococcus is a genus that comprises seven species, of which Aerococcus urinae, and Aerococcus sanguinicola are emerging human pathogens. Aerococci are gram positive... (Review)
Review
Aerococcus is a genus that comprises seven species, of which Aerococcus urinae, and Aerococcus sanguinicola are emerging human pathogens. Aerococci are gram positive cocci that are easily misidentified as streptococci or staphylococci, and thus the incidence of aerococcal infections has been underestimated. With the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) clinical microbiologists now have access to a rapid and accurate method to identify aerococci. A. urinae and A. sanguinicola are isolated in a small proportion of urinary specimens in many laboratories and many patients with bacteriuria with aerococci have symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). A. urinae, and also A. sanguinicola, cause invasive infections including infective endocarditis (IE) with many reported fatalities. Especially older men with urinary tract abnormalities are at risk for bacteraemia with A. urinae but the prognosis of bacteraemia without IE is favourable. Penicillin is appropriate for treatment of invasive infections and in IE, addition of an aminoglycoside should be considered. Treatment of UTI with aerococci is complicated by uncertainty about the effect of trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole and fluoroquinolones on aerococci. This review will discuss identification of Aerococcus spp., antibiotic resistance, the clinical presentation and management of aerococcal infections as well as the virulence mechanisms of these bacteria.
Topics: Aerococcus; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 23277106
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.12.006