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Scientific Reports Jun 2022The objective of this systematic review and meta-analyses is to estimate the prevalence of long-COVID in children and adolescents and to present the full spectrum of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analyses is to estimate the prevalence of long-COVID in children and adolescents and to present the full spectrum of symptoms present after acute COVID-19. We have used PubMed and Embase to identify observational studies published before February 10th, 2022 that included a minimum of 30 patients with ages ranging from 0 to 18 years that met the National Institute for Healthcare Excellence (NICE) definition of long-COVID, which consists of both ongoing (4 to 12 weeks) and post-COVID-19 (≥ 12 weeks) symptoms. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using I statistics. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewers and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed (registration PROSPERO CRD42021275408). The literature search yielded 8373 publications, of which 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, and a total of 80,071 children and adolescents were included. The prevalence of long-COVID was 25.24%, and the most prevalent clinical manifestations were mood symptoms (16.50%), fatigue (9.66%), and sleep disorders (8.42%). Children infected by SARS-CoV-2 had a higher risk of persistent dyspnea, anosmia/ageusia, and/or fever compared to controls. Limitations of the studies analyzed include lack of standardized definitions, recall, selection, misclassification, nonresponse and/or loss of follow-up, and a high level of heterogeneity.
Topics: Adolescent; Ageusia; COVID-19; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
PubMed: 35739136
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13495-5 -
Journal of Correctional Health Care :... Mar 2021A prison setting with its congregate environment is at high risk for widespread transmission of respiratory illnesses. Identifying COVID-19 cases as early as possible...
A prison setting with its congregate environment is at high risk for widespread transmission of respiratory illnesses. Identifying COVID-19 cases as early as possible and isolating cases and tracing contacts is critical to halting the spread of this disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) added new loss of taste or smell to its list of symptoms and, initially, only if associated with at least one of six other symptoms. The CDC has since updated the guidance to remove this qualifier as of May 13, 2020. New loss of taste or smell, alone, can help to identify COVID-19 cases. Solitary anosmia/ageusia should be strongly considered in routine symptom screening protocols for COVID-19.
Topics: Ageusia; Anosmia; COVID-19; Humans; Mass Screening; Prisons; SARS-CoV-2; Smell; Taste
PubMed: 34232758
DOI: 10.1089/jchc.20.05.0044 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Dec 2021The acute loss of taste and smell following COVID-19 are hallmark symptoms that affect 20-85% of patients. However, the pathophysiology and potential treatments of... (Review)
Review
The acute loss of taste and smell following COVID-19 are hallmark symptoms that affect 20-85% of patients. However, the pathophysiology and potential treatments of COVID-19 smell and taste loss are not fully understood. We searched the literature to review the potential pathologic pathways and treatment options for COVID-19 smell and taste loss. The interaction of novel coronavirus with ACE-2 receptors expressed on sustentacular cells and taste buds results in direct damage to the olfactory and gustatory systems. Also, the invasion of the virus to the olfactory neurons and consequent local inflammation are other proposed mechanisms. Therefore, COVID-19 patients with smell or taste loss may benefit from neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, or depolarizing agents. Based on the current evidence, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, insulin, and corticosteroids can be promising for the management of COVID-19 smell and taste loss. This review provided crucial information for treating COVID-19-related smell and/or taste loss, urging to perform large clinical trials to find optimum treatment options.
Topics: Ageusia; Animals; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Smell; Taste; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 34678243
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174582 -
The Journal of Headache and Pain Jan 2022Neurological symptoms are frequent among patients with COVID-19. Little is known regarding the repercussions of neurological symptoms for patients and how these symptoms...
BACKGROUND
Neurological symptoms are frequent among patients with COVID-19. Little is known regarding the repercussions of neurological symptoms for patients and how these symptoms are related to one another.
OBJECTIVES
To determine whether there is an association between the neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and to characterize the headache.
METHOD
This was a cross-sectional study. All hospital inpatients and health workers at the Hospital Universitario Oswaldo Cruz with a PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection between March and June 2020 were considered for the study and were interviewed by telephone at least 2-months after the acute phase of the disease. These patients were identified by the hospital epidemiological surveillance department. A semi-structured questionnaire was used containing sociodemographic and clinical data and the ID-Migraine.
RESULTS
A total of 288 patients was interviewed; 53.1% were male; with a median age of 49.9 (41.5-60.5) years; 91.7% presented some neurological symptom; 22.2% reported some neurological symptom as the symptom that troubled them most during COVID-19. Neurological symptoms were: ageusia (69.8%), headache (69.1%), anosmia (67%), myalgia (44.4%), drowsiness (37.2%), agitation (20.8%); mental confusion (14.9%), syncope (4.9%) and epileptic seizures (2.8%). Females, those who presented with fever, sore throat, anosmia/ageusia and myalgia also presented significantly more with headache (logistic regression). The most frequent headache phenotype was a non-migraine phenotype, was of severe intensity and differed from previous headaches. This persisted for more than 30 days in 18% and for more than 90 days in 10% of patients. Thirteen percent of those with anosmia and 11% with ageusia continued with these complaints after more than 90 days of the acute phase of the disease. Aged over 50 years, agitation and epileptic seizures were significantly associated with mental confusion (logistic regression).
CONCLUSION
Headache is frequent in COVID-19, is associated with other symptoms such as fever, sore throat, anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia, and may persist beyond the acute phase of the disease.
Topics: Aged; Ageusia; Anosmia; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34979899
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-021-01367-8 -
The Laryngoscope Jul 2020In a not negligible number of patients affected by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), especially if paucisymptomatic, anosmia and ageusia can represent the first or...
In a not negligible number of patients affected by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), especially if paucisymptomatic, anosmia and ageusia can represent the first or only symptomatology present. Laryngoscope, 130:1787-1787, 2020.
Topics: Ageusia; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; China; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32237238
DOI: 10.1002/lary.28692 -
Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola 2022
Topics: Ageusia; Anosmia; COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35577438
DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2021.07.003 -
Acta Oto-laryngologica 1980By administering acetyl-homocysteine and D-Penicillamine to the guinea pig, ageusia and hipogeusia respectively were obtained. Copper concentration was estimated in...
By administering acetyl-homocysteine and D-Penicillamine to the guinea pig, ageusia and hipogeusia respectively were obtained. Copper concentration was estimated in serum, saliva, liver, salivary glands, muscle, heart and tongue. A significant decrease in the concentration of this metal in the liver was observed and a slight increase in the rest (average values). The results were similar for both drugs. We believe that copper does not play any role in the taste process. The fact that this and other metals restore taste would indicate that those metals bind the SH groups of the drugs and that they are probably responsible for the ageusia.
Topics: Ageusia; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Copper; Guinea Pigs; Homocysteine; Liver; Penicillamine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Taste; Taste Disorders; Time Factors; Tongue
PubMed: 7395495
DOI: 10.3109/00016488009127134 -
Oral Diseases Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Ageusia; Anosmia; COVID-19; Prevalence; Olfaction Disorders
PubMed: 34002923
DOI: 10.1111/odi.13919 -
Oral Diseases Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Ageusia; COVID-19; Anosmia; Olfaction Disorders
PubMed: 35871489
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14322 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Jul 1993
Topics: Aged; Ageusia; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Female; Humans; Rifabutin; Rifamycins
PubMed: 8390142
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00026