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Annals of Tropical Medicine and... Oct 1997Serology has an important role to play in the diagnosis of the severe clinical syndrome of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The direct agglutination test (DAT), a simple... (Review)
Review
Serology has an important role to play in the diagnosis of the severe clinical syndrome of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The direct agglutination test (DAT), a simple agglutination test which requires no laboratory facilities, has become the preferred test, particularly for field studies. The nature of the antigens responsible for the agglutination of leishmanial promastigotes by the serum of VL patients is not known. A series of experiments which provide some clues to the molecular basis for the test and which indicate that there might be more in DAT than meets the eye is reported.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Protozoan; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Rabbits; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 9625936
DOI: 10.1080/00034989760554 -
Lancet (London, England) Jun 1955
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Humans; Syphilis
PubMed: 14382528
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of the Medical... Feb 1966
Review
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Histoplasmin; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Latex; Microspheres
PubMed: 5324049
DOI: 10.1097/00000441-196602000-00008 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Sep 2022Positive results of the serum tube agglutination test that persist after treatment may be interpreted by clinicians as treatment failures. Therefore, our study examined...
OBJECTIVE
Positive results of the serum tube agglutination test that persist after treatment may be interpreted by clinicians as treatment failures. Therefore, our study examined the value of serum tube agglutination test in demonstrating treatment success.
METHODS
In this retrospective study conducted at a single center, the pre- and post-treatment serum tube agglutination test titers of patients diagnosed with brucellosis were compared.
RESULTS
The end-of-treatment serum tube agglutination test titer was negative in 24 (18%) of 139 patients diagnosed with brucellosis. The most common complaints of the patients were fever (78.4%), chills (88.5%), sweating (84.9%), anorexia (79.1%), and arthralgia (63.3%). The rate of positive blood culture before the treatment was 68.3%. The absence of fever (p=0.005) and arthralgia (p=0.024) and the pretreatment serum tube agglutination test titer of <1/160 (p=0.014) were significant markers of serological cure.
CONCLUSION
Although serum tube agglutination test is an effective and very successful test in the diagnosis of brucellosis, our study shows that serum tube agglutination test is not useful in demonstrating the treatment success of human brucellosis in the early post-treatment period.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Arthralgia; Brucellosis; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36228254
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220269 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Oct 2006To compare the performance of the direct agglutination test and rK39 dipstick for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To compare the performance of the direct agglutination test and rK39 dipstick for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.
DATA SOURCES
Medline, citation tracking, January 1986 to December 2004. Selection criteria Original studies evaluating the direct agglutination test or the rK39 dipstick with clinical visceral leishmaniasis as target condition; adequate reference classification; and absolute numbers of true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative observations available or derivable from the data presented.
RESULTS
30 studies evaluating the direct agglutination test and 13 studies evaluating the rK39 dipstick met the inclusion criteria. The combined sensitivity estimates of the direct agglutination test and the rK39 dipstick were 94.8% (95% confidence interval 92.7% to 96.4%) and 93.9% (87.7% to 97.1%), respectively. Sensitivity seemed higher and more homogenous in the studies carried out in South Asia. Specificity estimates were influenced by the type of controls. In phase III studies carried out on patients with clinically suspected disease, the estimated specificity of the direct agglutination test was 85.9% (72.3% to 93.4%) and of the rK39 dipstick was 90.6% (66.8% to 97.9%).
CONCLUSION
The diagnostic performance of the direct agglutination test and the rK39 dipstick for visceral leishmaniasis is good to excellent and seem comparable.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 16882683
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38917.503056.7C -
Journal of Clinical Pathology May 1989The performance of a direct agglutination test for the detection of toxoplasma specific IgG immunoglobulin was compared with that of the latex agglutination test. The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The performance of a direct agglutination test for the detection of toxoplasma specific IgG immunoglobulin was compared with that of the latex agglutination test. The direct agglutination test was less sensitive but more specific than the latex agglutination test. Quantitative results were not directly comparable, reflecting the different antibody profiles detected in each assay. The direct agglutination test represents an alternative to the latex agglutination test as a screening test for toxoplasmosis. Patients at risk of life threatening infection require detailed serological examination using additional assays.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Latex Fixation Tests; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 2732349
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.42.5.536 -
Veterinary Parasitology Feb 2006Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a small protozoan parasite in the phylum Microspora. It has been shown to naturally infect several host species, including humans. Infection... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a small protozoan parasite in the phylum Microspora. It has been shown to naturally infect several host species, including humans. Infection with microsporidia is usually asymptomatic, except in young or immunocompromised hosts. Currently, serological diagnosis of infection is made using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Although these methods are sensitive and reliable, there are several drawbacks to the IFA and ELISA tests. Cross-reactivity between other Encephalitozoon species is common, and specialized equipment is required to conduct these tests. This paper reports the development of a direct agglutination test for detecting IgG antibodies to E. cuniculi. The utility of the agglutination test was examined in CD-1 and C3H/He mice infected with E. cuniculi or one of 2 other Encephalitozoon species. Test sera were incubated overnight with eosin-stained microsporidia spores in round-bottom microtiter plates. In positive samples, agglutination of spores with antibodies in test sera resulted in an opaque mat spread across the well. The results indicate that the agglutination test is 86% sensitive and 98% specific for E. cuniculi, with limited cross-reactivity to Encephalitozoon intestinalis. No cross-reactivity to Encephalitozoon hellem was observed. The test is fast and easy to conduct, and species-specific antibodies are not required.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Fungal; Cross Reactions; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 16229953
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.09.009 -
Immunology Nov 1965A micro direct agglutination test has been devised for the detection of antibodies. For this purpose a pure suspension of , the causative organism, was used as antigen....
A micro direct agglutination test has been devised for the detection of antibodies. For this purpose a pure suspension of , the causative organism, was used as antigen. The test is easily and rapidly performed with the Takatsy micro-agglutination kit and very small amounts of antigenic material are required. The results obtained agree well with those of other serological tests in common use.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Antibodies; In Vitro Techniques; Microchemistry; Toxoplasma
PubMed: 5847428
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) Dec 1959
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Humans; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 13825641
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(59)91535-1 -
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory... Jul 2001Using 255 serum samples with various reactivities, we evaluated the Syphilis Fast latex agglutination test (Syphilis Fast) against the Treponema pallidum particle... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Using 255 serum samples with various reactivities, we evaluated the Syphilis Fast latex agglutination test (Syphilis Fast) against the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TP-PA) for confirming a diagnosis of syphilis. We found 98.8% agreement between the Syphilis Fast and the TP-PA. The Syphilis Fast, however, had a couple of advantages over the TP-PA: the test takes only 8 min to perform and produces results that are easy to read. It appears to be a good confirmatory test for syphilis, especially for point-of-care clinics such as prenatal or sexually transmitted disease clinics.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Humans; Latex Fixation Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Syphilis; Time Factors; Treponema pallidum
PubMed: 11427439
DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.4.841-842.2001