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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Jun 2021Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical... (Review)
Review
Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.
Topics: Aging; Cell Differentiation; Cellular Senescence; Epigenomics; Humans; Inflammation
PubMed: 34176928
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00646-9 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Mar 2006For a few years, the image associated with the ageing process has been more positive: expressions such as << successful aging >>, << well aging >> or << healthy aging >>... (Review)
Review
For a few years, the image associated with the ageing process has been more positive: expressions such as << successful aging >>, << well aging >> or << healthy aging >> are more frequently used in relation to aging. However, there is still a lack of consensus on this appealing and challenging concept. Therefore, we present an overview of its definition, psychosocial determinants and conceptual models. We report that the meaning of the concept varies according to the cultural context (individualistic/relational societies), to the actors' perspectives (researcher/elderly) and according to the dominant approach (biomedical/holistic). Several models have also been identified: some are specific to a scientific domain and rely on a unique marker of well aging; others are multicriterion and embrace a broader field. Psychosocial factors are the most frequent determinants addressed by models. Among these factors, social and personal resources can be mobilized and learned, contrarily to the less modifiable personality traits. In summary, the << well aging >> framework offers a unique opportunity to identify and to reinforce positive aspects in the aging process. However, the integration of the various models, more complementary than opposite, into only one meta-model remains a task to be done by researchers for a better effectiveness of << well aging >> promotion programs.
Topics: Aging; Humans; Models, Biological; Psychology
PubMed: 16527212
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2006223297 -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Jan 2019Ageing is today a major societal concern that is intrinsically associated with the increase of life expectancy. Outside the context of severe degenerative diseases that... (Review)
Review
Ageing is today a major societal concern that is intrinsically associated with the increase of life expectancy. Outside the context of severe degenerative diseases that affect the elderly populations, normal visible signs of ageing, notably skin sagging and wrinkles, influence the social and individual perception of peoples. Accordingly, there is a strong demand for researches on skin ageing. Deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of skin evolution through ageing is thus an active scientific domain, at the frontier of tissue developmental and ageing biology. The focus of the present article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning the evolution of dermis characteristics at different life stages, from intra-uterine to post-natal life. The description will integrate stage-specific and age-related changes in dermis characteristics at the tissue, cell, and molecular levels.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dermis; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Skin Aging
PubMed: 29548941
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.03.006 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics May 2014Progression of brain ageing is influenced by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Analysis of genetically modified animals with uniform genetic... (Review)
Review
Progression of brain ageing is influenced by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Analysis of genetically modified animals with uniform genetic backgrounds in a standardised, controlled environment enables the dissection of critical determinants of brain ageing on a molecular level. Human and animal studies suggest that increased load of damaged macromolecules, efficacy of DNA maintenance, mitochondrial activity, and cellular stress defences are critical determinants of brain ageing. Surprisingly, mouse lines with genetic impairment of anti-oxidative capacity generally did not show enhanced cognitive ageing but rather an increased sensitivity to oxidative challenge. Mouse lines with impaired mitochondrial activity had critically short life spans or severe and rapidly progressing neurodegeneration. Strains with impaired clearance in damaged macromolecules or defects in the regulation of cellular stress defences showed alterations in the onset and progression of cognitive decline. Importantly, reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling generally increased life span but impaired cognitive functions revealing a complex interaction between ageing of the brain and of the body. Brain ageing is accompanied by an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Transgenic mouse models expressing high levels of mutant human amyloid precursor protein showed a number of symptoms and pathophysiological processes typical for early phase of Alzheimer's disease. Generally, therapeutic strategies effective against Alzheimer's disease in humans were also active in the Tg2576, APP23, APP/PS1 and 5xFAD lines, but a large number of false positive findings were also reported. The 3xtg AD model likely has the highest face and construct validity but further studies are needed.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Longevity; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Phenotype
PubMed: 24362083
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.009 -
Biochemical Society Transactions Feb 1997
Review
Topics: Aging; Animals; Child; DNA Damage; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Growth; Humans; Models, Genetic; Mutation
PubMed: 9056894
DOI: 10.1042/bst0250332 -
Ageing Research Reviews Nov 2010miRNAs are a group of noncoding small RNA that are capable of modulating the expression of hundreds of genes via a near-perfect or partial complementary to target mRNA.... (Review)
Review
miRNAs are a group of noncoding small RNA that are capable of modulating the expression of hundreds of genes via a near-perfect or partial complementary to target mRNA. The ability to regulate multiple targets simultaneously makes miRNA a crucial regulator in many physiological conditions, especially in the aging network and process. The tremendous capability of miRNA supports its ability in regulating ageing, which is a complex process involving multiple interconnected signaling pathways. Even though the relationship between miRNA and ageing is not fully understood, studies have provided evidence showing that miRNAs participate in regulating cell cycle progression, proliferation, stemness gene expression, and stress-induced responses. Molecular studies of ageing and miRNAs would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of ageing and, subsequently, help to ameliorate this universal process compromising our quality of life. In this review article, we focus our attention on miRNA targets in conserved pathways involved in organism aging and aging networks, as well as cellular senescence.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 20708718
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.08.002 -
Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Aug 2024Recent reports suggest a relationship between ovarian inflammation and functional declines, although it remains unresolved if ovarian inflammation is the cause or... (Review)
Review
IN BRIEF
Recent reports suggest a relationship between ovarian inflammation and functional declines, although it remains unresolved if ovarian inflammation is the cause or consequence of ovarian aging. In this review, we compile the available literature in this area and point to several current knowledge gaps that should be addressed through future studies.
ABSTRACT
Ovarian aging results in reduced fertility, disrupted endocrine signaling, and an increased burden of chronic diseases. The factors contributing to the natural decline of ovarian follicles throughout reproductive life are not fully understood. Nevertheless, local inflammation may play an important role in driving ovarian aging. Inflammation progressively rises in aged ovaries during the reproductive window, potentially affecting fertility. In addition to inflammatory markers, recent studies show an accumulation of specific immune cell populations in aging ovaries, particularly lymphocytes. Other hallmarks of the aging ovary include the formation and accumulation of multinucleated giant cells, increased collagen deposition, and increased markers of cellular senescence. Collectively, these changes significantly impact the quantity and quality of ovarian follicles and oocytes. This review explores recent literature on the alterations associated with inflammation, fibrosis, cell senescence, and the accumulation of immune cells in the aging ovary.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aging; Ovary; Inflammation; Cellular Senescence; Animals; Reproduction
PubMed: 38744316
DOI: 10.1530/REP-23-0499 -
Ageing Research Reviews Nov 2020The role of increased tissue senescent cell (SC) burden in driving the process of ageing and associated disorders is rapidly gaining attention. Amongst various plausible... (Review)
Review
The role of increased tissue senescent cell (SC) burden in driving the process of ageing and associated disorders is rapidly gaining attention. Amongst various plausible factors, impairment in immune functions is emerging as a critical regulator of known age-associated accumulation of SC. Immune cells dysfunctions with age are multi-faceted and are uniquely attributed to the independent processes of immunosenescence and cellular senescence which may collectively impair immune system mediated clearance of SC. Moreover, being functionally and phenotypically heterogenic, immune cells are also liable to be affected by senescence microenvironment in other tissues. Therefore, strategies aimed at improving immunosenescence and cellular senescence in immune cells can have pleiotropic effects on ageing physiology including the accumulation of SC. In this regard, nutraceutical's immunomodulatory attributes are well documented which may have implications in developing nutrition-oriented immunotherapeutic approaches against SC. In particular, the three diverse sources of bioactive ingredients, viz., phytochemicals, probiotic bacteria and omega-3-fatty acids have shown promising anti-immunosenescence and anti-cellular senescence potential in immune cells influencing aging and immunity in ways beyond modest stimulation of immune responses. The present narrative review describes the preventive and therapeutic attributes of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, probiotic microbes and omega-3-fatty acids in influencing the emerging nexus of immunosenescence, cellular senescence and SC during aging. Outstanding questions and nutraceuticals-based pro-longevity and niche research areas have been deliberated. Further research using integrative approaches is recommended for developing nutrition-based holistic immunotherapeutic strategies for 'healthy ageing'.
Topics: Aging; Cellular Senescence; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Immunosenescence; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 32810647
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101141 -
TSitologiia I Genetika 1986Investigations dealing with the characteristics of chromosomal apparatus at late stages of ontogenesis are analyzed. Both structural and functional changes in the... (Review)
Review
Investigations dealing with the characteristics of chromosomal apparatus at late stages of ontogenesis are analyzed. Both structural and functional changes in the chromosomal apparatus are observed in ageing. Some papers indicate to the association of certain variants of chromosomal polymorphism with the longevity "phenomenon".
Topics: Aging; Chromosomes, Human; Humans; Longevity
PubMed: 3532462
DOI: No ID Found -
Ageing Research Reviews Nov 2015
Topics: Aging; Humans; Inflammation
PubMed: 26573432
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.11.001