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Aging Apr 2017
Topics: Aging; Animals; Early Medical Intervention; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Longevity; Stem Cells
PubMed: 28455971
DOI: 10.18632/aging.101221 -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Jun 2006With ageing the immune system is deregulated and this leads to the development of immunosenescence mainly affecting the adaptive immune response. There is much knowledge... (Review)
Review
With ageing the immune system is deregulated and this leads to the development of immunosenescence mainly affecting the adaptive immune response. There is much knowledge accumulated concerning various receptor functions and signalling with ageing such as TCR, FcRs, TLRs. Cytokines are playing a major role in haematopoietic cell functions and in the harmonious and integrated coordination of the innate and adaptive immune response. There exists a large amount of data on cytokine production changes with ageing, as IL-2 production is decreasing, while IL-6 production is increasing. In contrast, there is only scarce knowledge concerning the cytokine receptors and their signalling in ageing. However, there is some evidence that the signalling of IL-2 receptors is altered in T cells and macrophages, mainly in relation to the JAK/STAT pathway. We present here evidence that the IL-6 induced signalling is also altered in T cells with ageing. An alteration in the JAKs and STATs activations in T cells and macrophages was demonstrated. The exact cause of these altered activations is not known and future studies are needed to elucidate them. In this review we summarise our present knowledge on cytokine signalling with ageing, mainly focusing on IL-2 and IL-6 receptors signalling.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Animals; Cytokines; Humans; Receptors, Cytokine; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 16530252
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2006.01.025 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Alongside rapid population ageing, we are experiencing increasing numbers of people with cognitive impairment and dementia. There is great scientific effort being...
Alongside rapid population ageing, we are experiencing increasing numbers of people with cognitive impairment and dementia. There is great scientific effort being committed to understanding cognitive and brain functioning, with the aim of helping to promote healthy ageing and independence, and improve quality of life. This Cognitive Ageing Collection brings together cutting-edge research using a variety of methods and from diverse disciplinary perspectives, with example topics including cognitive strategies, genetic risk factors, and emotion regulation. Articles in the Collection highlight advances in our understanding of cognitive and brain health, and outline important directions for future research.
Topics: Humans; Cognitive Aging; Cognition; Aging
PubMed: 38740780
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60763-7 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Jun 2016Psychological stress can exert a lasting impact on the aging process. This hypothesis, long posited by Hans Selye, has been supported by evidence linking stressors with...
Psychological stress can exert a lasting impact on the aging process. This hypothesis, long posited by Hans Selye, has been supported by evidence linking stressors with several aging-related disease phenotypes. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this association. Among plausible mechanisms linking stress and aging, evidence supports the role of epigenetic modifications, a set of molecular processes that can be induced by environmental stressors and regulate gene expression without altering the underlying genetic sequence. In particular, recent evidence shows that psychological stress can accelerate epigenetic aging, a measure based on DNA methylation prediction of chronological age that shows promise as biomarker of aging. Some studies further suggest that epigenetic aging could be modifiable, albeit others contradict this hypothesis. Future studies will need to determine the preventability or reversibility of epigenetic aging in response to distinct interventions and the potential clinical implications of such a prevention or reversal.
Topics: Aging; Cellular Senescence; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 27192952
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12535 -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Oct 2013
Review
Topics: Aging; DNA Damage; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 23665461
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.05.001 -
Ageing Research Reviews Apr 2011The Longevity Consortium is a multi-investigator, multi-institutional research group focused on identifying the genetic variants that regulate human lifespan and healthy...
The Longevity Consortium is a multi-investigator, multi-institutional research group focused on identifying the genetic variants that regulate human lifespan and healthy aging. The text that follows is an introduction to a series of seven articles prepared by Consortium investigators that represent a profile of planned and ongoing research and up-to-date reviews of topics of major interest to biogerontologists and others scientists and clinicians interested in ageing research.
Topics: Aging; Humans; Longevity; Research
PubMed: 20452463
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.04.008 -
Cellular Immunology Apr 2021The challenge of distinguishing between changes attributable to ageing and those attributable to pathology is even greater for the immune system than for many other... (Review)
Review
The challenge of distinguishing between changes attributable to ageing and those attributable to pathology is even greater for the immune system than for many other organs, and this is especially true for myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Hematopoiesis is different in older adults with a bias towards myelopoiesis, and older adults also manifest "inflammageing" exacerbated by disease and contributing to MDSC induction. Hence, at least in humans, one can only investigate MDSCs in the context of ageing and disease states, and not in the context of ageing processes per se. This contribution provides a brief overview of the literature on MDSCs and ageing in humans.
Topics: Aging; Humans; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
PubMed: 33550187
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104297 -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2007State of art in genetic of ageing is reviewed. Deciphering of human genome and recent advances in functional genomics contributed a lot to significant achievements in... (Review)
Review
State of art in genetic of ageing is reviewed. Deciphering of human genome and recent advances in functional genomics contributed a lot to significant achievements in molecular medicine as well as in understanding of ageing mechanisms. Progressive transcriptome degeneration caused by expression modulations of specific aging genes underlies visible physiological, biochemical and hormonal changes in aging human bodies. Each human subject should be considered as physiological mosaic composed of the tissues and organs of different age. The existence of weak genetic chain confined to particular organ or tissue provides potential substrate for severe chronic disorders in aging people. Two main groups of the aging genes are highlighted: 1. Longevity genes identified in population studies of old people, and 2. The genes identified and proved in aging studies in experimental species. Already existing and feasible molecular approaches for extending of active human longevity are reviewed. They include targeted modulation of aging gene activity, as well as presymptomatic diagnostics and relevant preventive measures of severe and frequent multifactorial diseases. Combining of already known empirical methods of anti-aging medicine with unique genetic profile of each human (gene-pass) renders new awarding opportunities for the further advancements of human longevity programs.
Topics: Aging; Humans; Longevity; Models, Genetic
PubMed: 18306687
DOI: No ID Found -
Genome Biology Mar 2023Ageing is inherent to all human beings, yet why we age remains a hotly contested topic. Most mechanistic explanations of ageing posit that ageing is caused by the... (Review)
Review
Ageing is inherent to all human beings, yet why we age remains a hotly contested topic. Most mechanistic explanations of ageing posit that ageing is caused by the accumulation of one or more forms of molecular damage. Here, I propose that we age not because of inevitable damage to the hardware but rather because of intrinsic design flaws in the software, defined as the DNA code that orchestrates how a single cell develops into an adult organism. As the developmental software runs, its sequence of events is reflected in shifting cellular epigenetic states. Overall, I suggest that to understand ageing we need to decode our software and the flow of epigenetic information throughout the life course.
Topics: Humans; Longevity; Software Design; Aging; Selection, Genetic
PubMed: 36973715
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02888-y -
Bulletin of the World Health... Nov 2017
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Child, Preschool; Female; Health Status; Healthy Aging; Humans; Middle Aged; Public Policy
PubMed: 29147049
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.17.203745