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Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Apr 2010Epidemiological studies propose that extension of the human lifespan or the reduction of age associated diseases may be achieved by physical exercise, caloric... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological studies propose that extension of the human lifespan or the reduction of age associated diseases may be achieved by physical exercise, caloric restriction, and by consumption of certain substances such as resveratrol, selenium, flavonoids, zinc, omega 3 unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins E and C, Ginkgobiloba extracts, aspirin, green tea catechins, antioxidants in general, and even by light caffeine or alcohol consumption. Though intriguing, these studies only show correlative (not causative) effects between the application of the particular substance and longevity. On the other hand, obesity is yet a strong menace to the western society and it will emerge even more so throughout the next decades according to the prediction of the WHO. Although obesity is considered a severe problem, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms causing the associated degeneration of organs and finally death. Nutrient related adverse consequences for health and thus ageing may be due to a high sugar or high fat diet, excessive alcohol consumption and cigarette smoke amongst others. In this article we examine the interdependencies of eating and ageing and suggest yeast, one of the most successful ageing models, as an easy tool to elucidate the molecular pathways from eating to ageing. The conservation of most ageing pathways in yeast and their easy genetic tractability may provide a chance to discriminate between the correlative and causative effects of nutrition on ageing.
Topics: Aging; Eating; Epidemiologic Studies; Humans; Longevity; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 20079384
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.01.001 -
Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of... Aug 2016Age is the strongest independent risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and for many years this was assumed to be due to repetitive microtrauma of the... (Review)
Review
Age is the strongest independent risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and for many years this was assumed to be due to repetitive microtrauma of the joint surface over time, the so-called 'wear and tear' arthritis. As our understanding of OA pathogenesis has become more refined, it has changed our appreciation of the role of ageing on disease. Cartilage breakdown in disease is not a passive process but one involving induction and activation of specific matrix-degrading enzymes; chondrocytes are exquisitely sensitive to changes in the mechanical, inflammatory and metabolic environment of the joint; cartilage is continuously adapting to these changes by altering its matrix. Ageing influences all of these processes. In this review, we will discuss how ageing affects tissue structure, joint use and the cellular metabolism. We describe what is known about pathways implicated in ageing in other model systems and discuss the potential value of targeting these pathways in OA.
Topics: Aging; Cartilage; Cellular Senescence; Chondrocytes; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 27215642
DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9641-z -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Apr 2019
Topics: Aging; Animals; Free Radicals; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 30710634
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.041 -
Sub-cellular Biochemistry 2023Cellular senescence has become a subject of great interest within the ageing research field over the last 60 years, from the first observation in vitro by Leonard...
Cellular senescence has become a subject of great interest within the ageing research field over the last 60 years, from the first observation in vitro by Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead in 1961, to novel findings of phenotypic sub-types and senescence-like phenotype in post-mitotic cells. It has essential roles in wound healing, tumour suppression and the very first stages of human development, while causing widespread damage and dysfunction with age leading to a raft of age-related diseases. This chapter discusses these roles and their interlinking pathways, and how the observed accumulation of senescent cells with age has initiated a whole new field of ageing research, covering pathologies in the heart, liver, kidneys, muscles, brain and bone. This chapter will also examine how senescent cell accumulation presents in these different tissues, along with their roles in disease development. Finally, there is much focus on developing treatments for senescent cell accumulation in advanced age as a method of alleviating age-related disease. We will discuss here the various senolytic and senostatic treatment approaches and their successes and limitations, and the innovative new strategies being developed to address the differing effects of cellular senescence in ageing and disease.
Topics: Humans; Aging; Cellular Senescence
PubMed: 36600133
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_7 -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Jan 2019
Topics: Aging; Animals; Biomarkers; Humans
PubMed: 30576693
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.12.002 -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Dec 2016Over 60% of people aged over 65 are affected by multiple morbidities, which are more difficult to treat, generate increased healthcare costs and lead to poor quality of... (Review)
Review
Over 60% of people aged over 65 are affected by multiple morbidities, which are more difficult to treat, generate increased healthcare costs and lead to poor quality of life compared to individual diseases. With the number of older people steadily increasing this presents a societal challenge. Age is the major risk factor for age-related diseases and recent research developments have led to the proposal that pharmacological interventions targeting common mechanisms of ageing may be able to delay the onset of multimorbidity. Here we review the state of the knowledge of multimorbidity, appraise the available evidence supporting the role of mechanisms of ageing in the development of the most common age-related diseases and assess potential molecules that may successfully target those key mechanisms.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Humans
PubMed: 27693441
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.009 -
Molecular Oncology Sep 2022Senescence is a complex cellular process that is implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. It is characterized by a stable state of cell growth... (Review)
Review
Senescence is a complex cellular process that is implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. It is characterized by a stable state of cell growth arrest and by a secretome of diverse pro-inflammatory factors, chemokines and growth factors. In this review, we summarize the context-dependent role of cellular senescence in ageing and in age-related diseases, such as cancer. We discuss current approaches to targeting senescence to develop therapeutic strategies to combat cancer and to promote healthy ageing, and we outline our vision for future research directions for senescence-based interventions in these fields.
Topics: Aging; Cellular Senescence; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35674055
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13266 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Nov 2015Ageing is considered as a major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. Among these, heart failure seems to be particularly important for both triggering... (Review)
Review
Ageing is considered as a major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. Among these, heart failure seems to be particularly important for both triggering and accelerating pathological ageing. In the present review, we give a general overview of the most relevant results concerning the mechanism of normal and premature senescence of cardiomyocytes and cardiac stromal cells. In particular, we will address the role of telomere dysfunction, DNA damage response, impairment of mitochondrial function, miRNAs and secretome of senescent cells in cardiac ageing and failure.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Cellular Senescence; DNA Damage; Heart; Humans; Myocytes, Cardiac; Proteome; Telomere
PubMed: 26576608
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153111015 -
Ageing Research Reviews Jan 2013
Topics: Aging; Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Drosophila melanogaster; Free Radicals; Health Promotion; Homeostasis; Humans; Invertebrates; Longevity
PubMed: 23332640
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.12.003 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2014Lifespan, longevity and healthy aging are complex phenotypes, and unravelling of the genetic background has been challeng-ing. Excess of advantageous gene variants seems... (Review)
Review
Lifespan, longevity and healthy aging are complex phenotypes, and unravelling of the genetic background has been challeng-ing. Excess of advantageous gene variants seems to be of more importance for longevity than absence of known disease-sus-ceptibility genes. Animal studies have pointed to candidate path--ways related to ageing, but only a few genes have repeatedly been associated to human lifespan. Research into the genetic contribution to a long and healthy life is currently focusing on epigenetic phenomena and the importance of rare variants in families enriched for longevity.
Topics: Aging; Genome, Human; Humans; Longevity
PubMed: 25394936
DOI: No ID Found