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Cognitive Neuropsychology 2018A longstanding controversy concerns the functional organization of high-level vision, and the extent to which the recognition of different classes of visual stimuli... (Review)
Review
A longstanding controversy concerns the functional organization of high-level vision, and the extent to which the recognition of different classes of visual stimuli engages a single system or multiple independent systems. We examine this in the context of congenital prosopagnosia (CP), a neurodevelopmental disorder in which individuals, without a history of brain damage, are impaired at face recognition. This paper reviews all CP cases from 1976 to 2016, and explores the evidence for the association or dissociation of face and object recognition. Of the 238 CP cases with data permitting a satisfactory evaluation, 80.3% evinced an association between impaired face and object recognition whereas 19.7% evinced a dissociation. We evaluate the strength of the evidence and correlate the face and object recognition behaviour. We consider the implications for theories of functional organization of the visual system, and offer suggestions for further adjudication of the relationship between face and object recognition.
Topics: Adult; Agnosia; Female; Humans; Male; Prosopagnosia
PubMed: 29165034
DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2017.1392295 -
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation 2004Agnosia is a neurological recognition deficit that affects a single modality. Visual agnosias include pure object agnosia, prosopagnosia, akinetopsia, and pure alexia.... (Review)
Review
Agnosia is a neurological recognition deficit that affects a single modality. Visual agnosias include pure object agnosia, prosopagnosia, akinetopsia, and pure alexia. Auditory agnosias include pure word deafness, phonagnosia, and pure sound agnosia. New neuroimaging tools have permitted scientists to better understand the loci of lesions that cause various agnosias and from that knowledge to develop theories about the processing networks that contribute to perception and recognition in each modality. These research data, in turn, inform the rehabilitation process. By utilizing current knowledge about neuroprocessing networks, clinical professionals can differentially diagnose agnosias from aphasia and other cognitive deficits. Practical approaches to treatment of agnosia will follow once the diagnosis is established.
Topics: Agnosia; Cognition Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mental Processes; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 14872395
DOI: 10.1310/N13K-YKYQ-3XX1-NFAV -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2018It is argued here that apperceptive object agnosia (generally now known as visual form agnosia) is in reality not a kind of agnosia, but rather a form of "imperception"... (Review)
Review
It is argued here that apperceptive object agnosia (generally now known as visual form agnosia) is in reality not a kind of agnosia, but rather a form of "imperception" (to use the term coined by Hughlings Jackson). We further argue that its proximate cause is a bilateral loss (or functional loss) of the visual form processing systems embodied in the human lateral occipital cortex (area LO). According to the dual-system model of cortical visual processing elaborated by Milner and Goodale (2006), area LO constitutes a crucial component of the ventral stream, and indeed is essential for providing the figural qualities inherent in our normal visual perception of the world. According to this account, the functional loss of area LO would leave only spared visual areas within the occipito-parietal dorsal stream - dedicated to the control of visually-guided actions - potentially able to provide some aspects of visual shape processing in patients with apperceptive agnosia. We review the relevant evidence from such individuals, concentrating particularly on the well-researched patient D.F. We conclude that studies of this kind can provide useful pointers to an understanding of the processing characteristics of parietal-lobe visual mechanisms and their interactions with occipitotemporal perceptual systems in the guidance of action.
Topics: Adult; Agnosia; Female; History, 20th Century; Humans; Occipital Lobe; Visual Pathways
PubMed: 29519462
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63622-5.00013-9 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 2012
Topics: Agnosia; Humans
PubMed: 23144207
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e7342 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2008
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Annual Review of Neuroscience 1990
Review
Topics: Agnosia; Face; Humans; Memory
PubMed: 2183687
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000513 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Apr 1986Visual agnosia is impaired visual recognition not explained by defective visual acuity, visual fields, attention, or general mental ability. Two nonapraxic patients with...
Visual agnosia is impaired visual recognition not explained by defective visual acuity, visual fields, attention, or general mental ability. Two nonapraxic patients with lesions in the left occipital lobe could imitate pantomimes they could not recognise. Although both patients had a hemianopia, sparing of gesture imitation shows that no visual defect accounts for their inability to recognise pantomimes. Both patients were amnestic and alexic but had no general impairment of cognitive ability to account for a pantomime-recognition disorder. These patients seem to have agnosia for pantomime. From the computed tomograms from these patients, we propose that inferior visual association cortex is critical for gesture comprehension, whereas superior portions of these structures are critical for imitating or performing pantomime to an object presented visually.
Topics: Aged; Agnosia; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Gestures; Humans; Kinesics; Male; Occipital Lobe; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception
PubMed: 3701356
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.49.4.451 -
Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology Aug 2017A 45-year-old right-handed man with a past history (10 years) of putaminal hemorrage presented with auditory agnosia associated with left putaminal hemorrhage. It was... (Review)
Review
A 45-year-old right-handed man with a past history (10 years) of putaminal hemorrage presented with auditory agnosia associated with left putaminal hemorrhage. It was suspected that the auditory agnosia was due to bilateral damage in the acoustic radiations. Generalized auditory agnosia, verbal and non-verbal (music and environmental), was diagnosed by neuropsychological examinations. It improved 4 months after the onset. However, the clinical assessment of attention remained poor. The cognition for speech sounds improved slowly, but once it started to improve, the progress of improvement was rapid. Subsequently, the cognition for music sounds also improved, while the recovery of the cognition for environmental sounds remained delayed. There was a dissociation in recovery between these cognitions. He was able to return to work a year after the onset. We also reviewed the literature for cases with auditory agnosia and discuss their course of recovery in this report.
Topics: Agnosia; Attention; Cognition; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music; Neuropsychological Tests; Phonetics; Putaminal Hemorrhage; Return to Work; Sound; Time Factors
PubMed: 28740065
DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001046 -
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Dec 2021Up to 80% of survivors of right brain stroke leave acute care without being diagnosed with a major invisible disability. Studies indicate that a generic cognitive... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Up to 80% of survivors of right brain stroke leave acute care without being diagnosed with a major invisible disability. Studies indicate that a generic cognitive neurologic evaluation does not reliably detect spatial neglect, nor does it identify unawareness of deficit after right brain stroke; this article reviews the symptoms, clinical presentation, and management of these two cognitive disorders occurring after right brain stroke.
RECENT FINDINGS
Stroke and occupational therapy practice guidelines stress a quality standard for spatial neglect assessment and treatment to reduce adverse outcomes for patients, their families, and society. Neurologists may attribute poor outcomes associated with spatial neglect to stroke severity. However, people with spatial neglect are half as likely to return to home and community, have one-third the community mobility, and require 3 times as much caregiver supervision compared with similar stroke survivors. Multiple randomized trials support a feasible first-line rehabilitation approach for spatial neglect: prism adaptation therapy; more than 20 studies reported that this treatment improves daily life independence. Evidence-based treatment of anosognosia is not as developed; however, treatment for this problem is also available.
SUMMARY
This article guides neurologists' assessment of right brain cognitive disorders and describes how to efficiently assemble and direct a treatment team to address spatial neglect and unawareness of deficit.
Topics: Agnosia; Brain; Humans; Perceptual Disorders; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 34881729
DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001076 -
Revista de Neurologia Feb 2020Hemineglect produces a lower capacity for recovery after the stroke and so far there are no rehabilitation techniques that have proven to be effective at functional... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Hemineglect produces a lower capacity for recovery after the stroke and so far there are no rehabilitation techniques that have proven to be effective at functional level.
AIMS
The main objective of this work was to assess whether the modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT)for hemineglect produces greater benefits than conventional therapy on functional hemineglect. Secondary objectives were to assess whether mCIMT produces greater benefits on upper and lower limb function as well as on the degree of autonomy and disability of patients with in relation to conventional therapy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We have recruited 30 patients with ischemic stroke and diagnosis of hemineglect randomly assigned to mCIMT group (n = 15) or conventional therapy group (n = 15). We used the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) for assessment hemineglect; Fugl-Meyer tests for the motor function of lower and upper limb, and Barthel index and modified Rankin scale for the rest of objectives.
RESULTS
We have found significant differences in favour of mCIMT group in the CBS after treatment and three months later once finished. We have not found differences between groups for the rest of variables.
CONCLUSIONS
mCIMT could be a more effective therapy than conventional therapy to improve the symptoms of hemineglect in the acute stroke. However, it may be clinically more recommended in patients with a certain motor function after stroke.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agnosia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Therapy Modalities; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32043533
DOI: 10.33588/rn.7004.2019330