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Depression and Anxiety Jun 2014The recently published DSM-5 contains a number of changes pertinent to panic disorder and agoraphobia. These changes include separation of panic disorder and agoraphobia... (Review)
Review
The recently published DSM-5 contains a number of changes pertinent to panic disorder and agoraphobia. These changes include separation of panic disorder and agoraphobia into separate diagnoses, the addition of criteria and guidelines for distinguishing agoraphobia from specific phobia, the addition of a 6-month duration requirement for agoraphobia, the addition of panic attacks as a specifier to any DSM-5 diagnosis, changes to descriptors of panic attack types, as well as various changes to the descriptive text. It is crucial that clinicians and researchers working with individuals presenting with panic attacks and panic-like symptoms understand these changes. The purpose of the current paper is to provide a summary of the main changes, to critique the changes in the context of available empirical evidence, and to highlight clinical implications and potential impact on mental health service utilization. Several of the changes have the potential to improve access to evidence-based treatment; yet, although certain changes appear justified in that they were based on converging evidence from different empirical sources, other changes appear questionable, at least based on the information presented in the DSM-5 text and related publications. Ongoing research of DSM-5 panic disorder and agoraphobia as well as application of the new diagnostic criteria in clinical contexts is needed to further inform the strengths and limitations of DSM-5 conceptualizations of panic disorder and agoraphobia.
Topics: Agoraphobia; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Panic Disorder
PubMed: 24865357
DOI: 10.1002/da.22277 -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 1988
Review
Topics: Agoraphobia; Alprazolam; Behavior Therapy; Humans; Imipramine; Phobic Disorders
PubMed: 2902321
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina Clinica Jun 2002
Review
Topics: Agoraphobia; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychotherapy; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 12084372
DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(02)73314-9 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Aug 1982The authors focus on the nature of agoraphobia and on treatments for it. A variety of myths about agoraphobia are examined such as those concerning the patient's...
The authors focus on the nature of agoraphobia and on treatments for it. A variety of myths about agoraphobia are examined such as those concerning the patient's childhood, sexual development, and marital history, and the conclusion is that none of these helps in understanding the nature of the condition. The recent notion that agoraphobia is merely a form of endogenous depression is refuted. Of the four traditional languages of psychiatry, the medical and behavioural models are currently more in vogue than the genetic or psychoanalytic, but there are limitations in all models. It is shown why the behavioural therapies for agoraphobia may not be as universally helpful as implied by the recent research literature. The apparent success of both pharmacotherapy and behaviour therapy leaves models of agoraphobia which are at variance with each other, and the authors suggest possible lines of research which might resolve the contradiction.
Topics: Agoraphobia; Behavior Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Phobic Disorders; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychotropic Drugs; Social Adjustment; Social Environment
PubMed: 7116284
DOI: 10.1177/070674378202700512 -
Lancet (London, England) Jun 1990
Review
Topics: Agoraphobia; Humans; Panic; Perception; Photic Stimulation; Sensation
PubMed: 1971382
DOI: No ID Found -
L'Encephale 1984Behavioral and biological issues in agoraphobia are reviewed. New classifications of agoraphobia based on longitudinal studies appear promising. Genetical studies bring... (Review)
Review
Behavioral and biological issues in agoraphobia are reviewed. New classifications of agoraphobia based on longitudinal studies appear promising. Genetical studies bring some data suggesting that agoraphobia and panick attacks may be a familial and genetical disease. The effects of antidepressants on agoraphobia and panick attacks are still a disputed issue. Exposure in vivo appears as the effective component of behavioral treatment of anticipatory anxiety and allows a significant withdrawal of medication (eg antidepressant and/or benzodiazepine). A personal study on 27 agoraphobia cases is reported showing a significant rate of withdrawal after behavior therapy (p less than .05). Some examples of single case designs are reported to study the covariation of depression, phobia and panick attacks. Multicenter studies are needed to clarify the problem of effectiveness and specificity of antidepressant action on agoraphobia and panick attacks.
Topics: Agoraphobia; Antidepressive Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Behavior Therapy; Depressive Disorder; Dexamethasone; Fear; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Panic; Phobic Disorders
PubMed: 6145579
DOI: No ID Found -
Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry 1987
Topics: Agoraphobia; Alprazolam; Anxiety, Separation; Behavior Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Imipramine; Manuals as Topic; Panic; Phenelzine; Phobic Disorders; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 3600668
DOI: 10.1159/000414020 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Dec 1982
Topics: Agoraphobia; Humans; Panic; Phobic Disorders
PubMed: 7159872
DOI: 10.1177/070674378202700831 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2021The aim of the study was to investigate the course of agoraphobia with panic disorder combined with the major depressive disorder to establish positive and negative...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to investigate the course of agoraphobia with panic disorder combined with the major depressive disorder to establish positive and negative prevalence predictors.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 49 women. The average age was 41.5±9.9 years. All patients (=49; 100%) had symptoms of agoraphobia with panic disorder (F40.01) (=49; 100%) and recurrent depressive disorder with mild (F33.01) (=33; 67.3%) or moderate (F33.11) (=16; 32.7%) severity. The duration of the disease by the time of inclusion in the study was from 2 to 5 years. Clinical-psychopathological, clinical-follow-up, clinical-dynamic, and statistical methods were used.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Two types of agoraphobia prevalence with panic disorder were identified. Type I is a relatively favorable one with complete remissions of phobic anxiety and affective disorders (=29; 59.2%). Type II is an unfavorable one with constant phobic anxiety symptoms (=20; 40.8%). The predictive factors of the unfavorable type of agoraphobia with panic disorder (APD) combined with depression were psychogenic situations, astheno-vegetative disorders at the onset of APD, gastrointestinal symptoms, senestopathy, fear of going crazy, or loss of control in the structure of a panic attack (PA), morning PA, vertebral artery syndrome, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, panic attacks with provocation, depression with hysteroform symptoms in pre-manifest period APD, the age at the time of the debut APD, professional status, occupational psychogenic, family microclimate, health problems, endocrine system diseases, severe agoraphobia.
Topics: Adult; Agoraphobia; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Panic Disorder
PubMed: 34405657
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20211210549 -
British Medical Journal Jan 1975
Topics: Agoraphobia; Behavior Therapy; Humans; Life Style; Phobic Disorders; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Psychosurgery
PubMed: 1120241
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5948.40-a