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Drugs Jul 1989Salbutamol (albuterol) is a beta 2-selective adrenoceptor agonist which accounts for its pronounced bronchodilatory, cardiac, uterine and metabolic effects. During the... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Review
Salbutamol (albuterol) is a beta 2-selective adrenoceptor agonist which accounts for its pronounced bronchodilatory, cardiac, uterine and metabolic effects. During the intervening years since salbutamol was first reviewed in the Journal (1971), it has become extensively used in the treatment of reversible obstructive airways disease. Numerous studies in this disease (including severe acute, childhood and exercise-induced asthma) have confirmed the bronchodilatory efficacy of salbutamol, and it has been shown to be at least as effective as most of the currently available bronchodilators, if not more effective. The onset of maximum effect of salbutamol is dependent on the formulation used and the route by which it is administered. In most patients inhaled salbutamol is a first-line therapy, since it offers rapid bronchodilation, usually relieving bronchospasm within minutes. Although oral salbutamol has often proved to be less efficacious than the inhaled formulation, it still affords clinically significant bronchodilation, and it is particularly useful in those patients unable to coordinate the use of inhalers. Parenteral formulations of salbutamol are generally reserved for the treatment of severe attacks of bronchospasm and they are one of the treatments of choice in these life-threatening situations. Studies of the concomitant use of salbutamol and other agents such as anticholinergics, methylxanthines and beclomethasone dipropionate have usually shown a complementary response in the majority of patients, as might be expected from the different mechanisms of action of these groups of drugs. Salbutamol is generally well tolerated and any side effects observed are a predictable extension of its pharmacology. Since the frequency of side effects is dose related, and therefore dependent on the route of administration, it is not surprising that they are much more common following intravenous and oral rather than inhalation therapy. Tremor, tachycardia and hypokalaemia are the most frequently reported adverse effects. After nearly 20 years of use, salbutamol is well established as a 'first-choice' treatment in reversible obstructive airways disease. Indeed, throughout this time many new bronchodilatory agents have been studied but none have proved more effective. Clinical evaluation of salbutamol in the treatment of premature labour, hyperkalaemia and cardiac failure awaits further studies, although to date some encouraging results have been reported.
Topics: Albuterol; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dogs; Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Rats; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 2670512
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-198938010-00004 -
Pediatrics in Review Mar 2004
Comparative Study
Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; History, Medieval; Humans; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 14993519
DOI: 10.1542/pir.25-3-108 -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 1983
Topics: Albuterol; Humans; Hyperkalemia
PubMed: 6137634
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92335-8 -
Lancet (London, England) Jun 1976
Comparative Study
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aerosols; Albuterol; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Injections, Intravenous; Male
PubMed: 73734
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91780-3 -
The Journal of Asthma : Official... 1993
Topics: Absorption; Acute Disease; Administration, Inhalation; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchi; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Nebulizers and Vaporizers
PubMed: 8458823
DOI: 10.3109/02770909309054504 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Feb 2024Endometriosis is an immune chronic inflammatory disease, and there are currently no more effective drugs for treating endometriosis due to its unknown etiology....
Endometriosis is an immune chronic inflammatory disease, and there are currently no more effective drugs for treating endometriosis due to its unknown etiology. Salbutamol is a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist commonly used to treat asthma by selectively activating β2 receptors on airway smooth muscle and leukocytes, exerting bronchial dilation and synergistic anti-inflammatory effects. In recent years, β2AR agonists have been used in endometriosis studies, and we speculate that salbutamol may have a therapeutic effect on endometriosis. The purpose of this research was to explore the therapeutic effect of salbutamol on endometriosis mice. The mouse endometriosis model was established and treated with different doses of salbutamol. Endometrial lesions were harvested for pathological diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Masson staining, and toluidine blue analysis. We found that the number and size of endometriotic lesions were all significantly decreased after 3 weeks of treatment with different doses of salbutamol on endometriosis model mice (P < 0.05). After Salbutamol treatment, the amount of mast cells (toluidine blue) and macrophages (F4/80) in the lesions as well as the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-ɑ, platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB), CD31, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Masson staining, BCL2, TUBB3, substance P (SP), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). These results suggested that salbutamol could effectively treat endometriosis in mice by reducing immune inflammatory cells and factors, angiogenesis, and fibrosis, increasing apoptosis of endometriotic lesions, and decreasing neurogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mice; Animals; Endometriosis; Albuterol; Tolonium Chloride; Substance P
PubMed: 37814201
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01371-0 -
American Journal of Health-system... Oct 2003The effects of equipotent doses of racemic albuterol and levalbuterol on heart rate (HR) in intensive care patients with and without baseline tachycardia were studied.... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of equipotent doses of racemic albuterol and levalbuterol on heart rate (HR) in intensive care patients with and without baseline tachycardia were studied. Patients were included if they were hemodynamically stable and required bronchodilator therapy every four hours; patients were excluded if they were maintained on a beta-blocker. Four hours after the most recent bronchodilator treatment, each patient was randomized to receive at least two consecutive doses of albuterol 2.5 mg or levalbuterol 1.25 mg four hours apart via nebulization. HR was recorded at the end of the second dose and 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. Twenty intensive care patients, including 10 with baseline tachycardia and 10 without baseline tachycardia, were enrolled. In patients with baseline tachycardia, the mean largest HR increase was 1.4 beats/min (1.3%) with albuterol and 2.0 beats/min (2.1%) with levalbuterol (both increases were not significant). In patients without baseline tachycardia, the mean largest HR increase was 4.4 beats/min (6.7%) with albuterol (p = 0.04) and 3.6 beats/min (5.0%) with levalbuterol (p = 0.03). Short-term use of nebulized albuterol and levalbuterol was associated with similar changes in HR in intensive care patients with or without baseline tachycardia.
Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Heart Rate; Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Stereoisomerism; Tachycardia
PubMed: 14531242
DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/60.19.1971 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Dec 2001Racemic albuterol (RAC) is an equal mixture of (R)-albuterol and (S)-albuterol. Only the (R)-isomer, levalbuterol (LEV), is therapeutically active. Lower doses of LEV,... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Racemic albuterol (RAC) is an equal mixture of (R)-albuterol and (S)-albuterol. Only the (R)-isomer, levalbuterol (LEV), is therapeutically active. Lower doses of LEV, devoid of (S)-albuterol, have demonstrated efficacy comparable to that of higher doses of the (R)-isomer administered as a component of RAC.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether LEV results in improved safety and efficacy in children.
METHODS
Asthmatic children aged 4 to 11 years (n = 338; FEV(1), 40% to 85% of predicted) participated in this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded study and received 21 days of 3-times-a-day treatment with nebulized LEV (0.31 or 0.63 mg), RAC (1.25 or 2.5 mg), or placebo. The primary endpoint was FEV(1) (peak percent change). Adverse events, clinical laboratory test results, vital signs, and electrocardiograms were evaluated for safety.
RESULTS
All active treatments significantly improved the primary endpoint in comparison with placebo (P < .001). Significant differences in FEV(1) were noted immediately after nebulization (median change, 2.0%, 19.0%, 18.1%, 12.4%, and 15.6% for placebo, LEV 0.31 and 0.63, RAC 1.25 and 2.5 mg, respectively; P < .05 vs placebo; P < .05 for LEV 0.31 and 0.63 vs RAC 1.25 mg). LEV 0.31 mg was the only treatment not different from placebo for changes in ventricular heart rate, QT(c) interval, and glucose (P > .05). All active treatments decreased serum potassium (range, -0.3 to -0.6; P < .002 vs placebo), and RAC 2.5 mg caused the greatest change (P < .005 vs other actives). In a patient subset with severe asthma, a dose-response relationship was observed for levalbuterol, indicating that higher doses were more effective.
CONCLUSION
LEV was clinically comparable to 4- to 8-fold higher doses of RAC, and it demonstrated a more favorable safety profile. LEV 0.31 mg should be used as the starting dose in 4-11 year old children with mild to moderate persistent asthma. Patients with severe disease might benefit from higher doses.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Male; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 11742271
DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.120134 -
Pharmaceutical Research Oct 2011To evaluate the use of thermal ink-jetting as a method for dosing drugs onto oral films. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To evaluate the use of thermal ink-jetting as a method for dosing drugs onto oral films.
METHODS
A Hewlett-Packard printer cartridge was modified so that aqueous drug solutions replaced the ink. The performance of the printer as a function of print solution viscosity and surface tension was determined; viscosities between 1.1 and 1.5 mm(2) s(-1) were found to be optimal, while surface tension did not affect deposition. A calibration curve for salbutamol sulphate was prepared, which demonstrated drug deposition onto an acetate film varied linearly with concentration (r(2) = 0.9992). The printer was then used to deposit salbutamol sulphate onto an oral film made of potato starch.
RESULTS
It was found that when doses were deposited in a single pass under the print head, then the measured dose was in good agreement with the theoretical dose. With multiple passes the measured dose was always significantly less than the theoretical dose. It is proposed that the losses arise from erosion of the printed layer by shearing forces during paper handling. The losses were predictable, and the variance in dose deposited was always less than the BP limits for tablet and oral syrup salbutamol sulphate preparations.
CONCLUSIONS
TIJ printing offers a rapid method for extemporaneous preparation of personalized-dose medicines.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Albuterol; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Dosage Forms; Humans; Precision Medicine; Printing
PubMed: 21544688
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0450-5 -
Boletin de La Asociacion Medica de... 2015Foreign body aspiration can be a life-threatening emergency. An aspirated solid or semi-solid object may lodge in the larynx, trachea or other breathing airways. If the... (Review)
Review
Foreign body aspiration can be a life-threatening emergency. An aspirated solid or semi-solid object may lodge in the larynx, trachea or other breathing airways. If the object is large enough to cause nearly complete obstruction of the airway, asphyxia may rapidly cause death. We report a 19-year old man admitted with right lower lobe pneumonia who spontaneously expelled a foreign body, one day after admission and glucocorticoids administration. Glucocorticoids should be considered in foreign body aspiration management because improvement of the inflammatory reaction may facilitate expontaneous expulsion or foreign body extraction
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azithromycin; Bronchodilator Agents; Ceftriaxone; Cough; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Fluoroquinolones; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Levalbuterol; Male; Methylprednisolone; Moxifloxacin; Play and Playthings; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Ranitidine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 26742192
DOI: No ID Found