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BMC Infectious Diseases Nov 2020Alcaligenes faecalis is usually causes opportunistic infections in humans. Alcaligenes faecalis infection is often difficult to treat due to its increased resistance to...
BACKGROUND
Alcaligenes faecalis is usually causes opportunistic infections in humans. Alcaligenes faecalis infection is often difficult to treat due to its increased resistance to several antibiotics. The results from a clinical study of patients with Alcaligenes faecalis infection may help improve patients' clinical care.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients presenting with Alcaligenes faecalis infection from January 2014 to December 2019. The medical records of all patients were reviewed for demographic information, clinical symptoms and signs, comorbidities, use of intravenous antibiotics within the past three months, bacterial culture, antibiotics sensitivity test, and clinical outcomes.
RESULTS
Sixty-one cases of Alcaligenes faecalis infection were seen during the study period, including 25 cases of cystitis, nine cases of diabetic foot infection, eight cases of pneumonia, seven cases of acute pyelonephritis, three cases of bacteremia, and nine cases of infection at specific sites. Thirty-seven patients (60.7%) had a history of receiving intravenous antibiotics within three months of the diagnosis. Fifty-one (83.6%) cases were mixed with other bacterial infections. Extensively drug-resistant infections have been reported since 2018. The best sensitivity rate to Alcaligenes faecalis was 66.7% for three antibiotics (imipenem, meropenem, and ceftazidime) in 2019. Two antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam) sensitivity rates to A. faecalis were less than 50%.
CONCLUSIONS
The most frequent Alcaligenes faecalis infection sites, in order, are the bloodstream, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, and middle ear. The susceptibility rate of Alcaligenes faecalis to commonly used antibiotics is decreasing. Extensively drug-resistant Alcaligenes faecalis infections have emerged.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcaligenes faecalis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Ceftazidime; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Imipenem; Male; Meropenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33176714
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05557-8 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jun 2022To characterize Alcaligenes faecalis metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) AFM-2 and AFM-3 from clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates NDTH10366, NDTH9845 and WTJH17.
OBJECTIVES
To characterize Alcaligenes faecalis metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) AFM-2 and AFM-3 from clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates NDTH10366, NDTH9845 and WTJH17.
METHODS
Clinical isolates were whole-genome sequenced using the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms. MICs of clinical isolates and transformants containing MBL genes were determined using broth microdilution methods. Kinetic parameters of purified AFM and NDM-1 were measured using a spectrophotometer. The AFM structure was modelled with SWISS-MODEL.
RESULTS
NDTH10366 and NDTH9845 were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates carrying bla and multiple copies of bla, whereas WTJH17 was an XDR isolate carrying bla. The plasmid-borne bla and bla genes are associated with a novel ISCR element, ISCR29. AFM-2 and AFM-3, differing from AFM-1 by one amino acid substitution each, shared 86.2% and 86.6% amino acid sequence identity with NDM-1, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the close relationship between AFM and NDM. Expression of AFM and NDM-1 under their native promoters in DH5α and PAO1 led to elevated MICs for all tested β-lactams except aztreonam. Comparable catalytic abilities were observed for AFM and NDM-1 when hydrolysing nitrocefin, cefepime, imipenem and biapenem, whereas for other tested β-lactams AFM displayed weaker enzymatic activities. Modelling AFM structure revealed a characteristic αβ/βα fold with two zinc-binding active sites.
CONCLUSIONS
AFM from clinical P. aeruginosa isolates demonstrated β-lactamase activity comparable to NDM-1. Co-carriage of bla and bla renders clinical P. aeruginosa isolates non-susceptible to all antipseudomonal β-lactams. The association of bla genes with translocatable genetic elements and plasmids highlights their concerning potential for dissemination.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 34826621
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.012 -
Pediatric Emergency Care Jul 2017Alcaligenes faecalis is a gram-negative organism that is commonly found in the environment and may also be a part of normal fecal flora in humans. Although various... (Review)
Review
Alcaligenes faecalis is a gram-negative organism that is commonly found in the environment and may also be a part of normal fecal flora in humans. Although various infections with this bacteria have been described in the pediatric population, it has not been previously identified in infections as the pathogen after a dog bite. A case of a 19-month-old boy is presented with a cellulitis secondary to a dog bite, which failed oral antibiotic therapy, and progressed to worsening fever and swelling. The patient ultimately required hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, and incision and drainage. The wound culture grew A. faecalis, whose identity was confirmed through recombinant DNA sequence analysis. Although it has been identified in cat bite wounds, A. faecalis has not been cited in the literature before in an infection after a dog bite.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bites and Stings; Cellulitis; Dogs; Humans; Infant; Male
PubMed: 26760830
DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000645 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Apr 2022Alcaligenes faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen exhibiting drug resistance. Here, the 35,451-bp genome of phage Piluca is described. Piluca is not closely related to...
Alcaligenes faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen exhibiting drug resistance. Here, the 35,451-bp genome of phage Piluca is described. Piluca is not closely related to any isolated phages in the NCBI database. Piluca possesses genes encoding CI-like and Cro-like repressors and a tyrosine integrase, suggesting its temperate lifestyle.
PubMed: 35289650
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00124-22 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Oct 2021A strain of Alcaligenes faecalis A12C (A. faecalis A12C) isolated from Argyrosomus regius is a probiotic in fish. Previous experiments showed that A. faecalis A12C had...
A strain of Alcaligenes faecalis A12C (A. faecalis A12C) isolated from Argyrosomus regius is a probiotic in fish. Previous experiments showed that A. faecalis A12C had inhibitory effects on the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We aimed to confirm whether A. faecalis A12C is safe and has adequate intestinal colonization in experimental rats, and evaluate its efficacy in an animal model of peritonitis. We used 30 male rats, randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 5): three groups (HA7, HA15, HA30) received A. faecalis A12C in drinking water (6 × 10 CFU/mL) for 7 days, and three control groups received drinking water only. All groups were evaluated at 7, 15, and 30 days. Survival after A. faecalis A12C administration was 100% in all groups. Mild eosinophilia (1.5%, p < 0.01) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (86 IU/L, p < 0.05) were observed in HA7, followed by progressive normalization. No histological signs of organ injury were found. We observed significant E. coli decline in faeces, parallel to an increase in A. faecalis A12C at 7 days. E. coli had a tendency to recover initial values, while A. faecalis A12C disappeared from the intestinal microbiota at 30 days. To evaluate its efficacy against peritonitis, we studied two additional groups of animals: IA group pretreated with A. faecalis A12C before E. coli intra-abdominal inoculation, and IC group inoculated with no A. faecalis A12C. We found an increase in C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and eosinophils in IC animals when compared with IA. Peritonitis was more evident in IC than in IA animals. Our findings suggest that A. faecalis A12C altered clinically relevant parameters in sepsis and was associated with a lesser spread of infection.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Animals; Drinking Water; Escherichia coli; Male; Peritonitis; Probiotics; Rats
PubMed: 33713309
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09767-7 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Alcaligenes faecalis; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 37310887
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003993 -
Archives of Virology Mar 2022A novel lytic phage named vB_AfaP_QDWS595 infecting Alcaligenes faecalis was isolated and characterized in this study. The genome of phage vB_AfaP_QDWS595 was sequenced...
A novel lytic phage named vB_AfaP_QDWS595 infecting Alcaligenes faecalis was isolated and characterized in this study. The genome of phage vB_AfaP_QDWS595 was sequenced and analyzed, and the result revealed that the phage contained 70,466 bp of double-stranded DNA with 41.12% GC content. There were 74 putative genes encoding proteins as well as 11 tRNAs predicted in the phage genome. Phenotype and phylogeny analysis indicated that this phage might be a new member of the family Schitoviridae.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacteriophages; Base Composition; Genome, Viral; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 35118527
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05373-2 -
Environmental Technology Jan 2022Microbial immobilization is considered as one of the effective denitrification techniques in the treatment of high load wastewater. In this study, the immobilized cells...
Microbial immobilization is considered as one of the effective denitrification techniques in the treatment of high load wastewater. In this study, the immobilized cells consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and calcium chloride (CaCl) were inoculated with strain WT14 to treat wastewater with high nitrate-nitrogen (-N) concentrations. After 48 h of wastewater treatment, 26.2-89.4% of total nitrogen (TN) was removed by the immobilized strain WT14. The response surface methodology revealed the highest TN removal efficiency by strain WT14 occurred at the immobilized ratio of 9.3% of PVA, 2.2% of SA and 1.9% of CaCl. Under the optimal ratio of PVA, SA, and CaCl, the conditions for the maximum denitrification efficiency and TN removal were pH of 7, temperature of 40°C, and shaking speed of 60 rpm·min. Compared to the free cells, the immobilization cells had no obvious negative effect on denitrification efficiency, additionally reduced the nitrite accumulation, and thus improved the TN removal. Furthermore, the immobilized cells still maintained 95.4% of -N removal after the eighth cycle reuse. These results demonstrated the immobilized strain WT14 can remove TN effectively and additionally reduce nitrite accumulation in treating high strength -N wastewater.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Denitrification; Nitrates; Nitrites; Nitrogen; Wastewater
PubMed: 32508276
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1780476 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2021Alcaligenes faecalis is a heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium that oxidizes ammonia and generates nitrite and nitrate. When A. faecalis was cultivated in a medium...
Alcaligenes faecalis is a heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium that oxidizes ammonia and generates nitrite and nitrate. When A. faecalis was cultivated in a medium containing pyruvate and ammonia as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, high concentrations of nitrite accumulated in the medium whose carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was lower than 10 during the exponential growth phase, while the accumulation was not observed in the medium whose C/N ratio was higher than 15. Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed using nitrifying and non-nitrifying cells of A. faecalis cultivated in media whose C/N ratios were 5 and 20, respectively, to evaluate the fluctuations of gene expression during induction of heterotrophic nitrification. Expression levels of genes involved in primary metabolism did not change significantly in the cells at the exponential growth phase under both conditions. We observed a significant increase in the expression levels of four gene clusters: pod cluster containing the gene encoding pyruvic oxime dioxygenase (POD), podh cluster containing the gene encoding a POD homolog (PODh), suf cluster involved in an iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and dnf cluster involved in a novel hydroxylamine oxidation pathway in the nitrifying cells. Our results provide valuable insight into the biochemical mechanism of heterotrophic nitrification.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Ammonia; Cluster Analysis; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Heterotrophic Processes; Hydroxylamine; Multigene Family; Nitrates; Nitrification; Nitrites; Nitrogen; Propionates; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34845321
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02579-3 -
Toxins Aug 2022Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins that threatens food and feed safety. Biodegradation of OTA has gained much attention. In this study, an...
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins that threatens food and feed safety. Biodegradation of OTA has gained much attention. In this study, an strain named ANSA176, with a strong OTA-detoxifying ability, was isolated from donkey intestinal chyme and characterized. The strain ANSA176 could degrade 97.43% of 1 mg/mL OTA into OTα within 12 h, at 37 °C. The optimal levels for bacterial growth were 22-37 °C and pH 6.0-9.0. The effects of ANSA176 on laying hens with an OTA-contaminated diet were further investigated. A total of 36 laying hens were assigned to three dietary treatments: control group, OTA (250 µg/kg) group, and OTA + ANSA176 (6.2 × 10 CFU/kg diet) group. The results showed that OTA decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and egg weight (EW); meanwhile, it increased serum alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), immunoglobulin G (IgG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and glutathione reductase (GR). However, the ANSA176 supplementation inhibited or attenuated the OTA-induced damages. Taken together, OTA-degrading strain ANSA176 was able to alleviate the immune injury and inflammation induced by OTA.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Female; Inflammation; Ochratoxins
PubMed: 36006231
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080569