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Food Science & Nutrition Dec 2020Studies have documented the benefits of fish oil in different diseases because of its high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, these studies mostly used...
Studies have documented the benefits of fish oil in different diseases because of its high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, these studies mostly used commercially available fish oil supplements with a ratio of 18/12 for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, increasing DHA content for this commonly used ratio might bring out a varied metabolic effect, which have remained unclear. Thus, in this study, a novel tuna oil (TO) was applied to investigate the effect of high-DHA content on the alteration of the gut microbiota and obesity in high-fat diet mice. The results suggest that high-DHA TO (HDTO) supplementation notably ameliorates obesity and related lipid parameters and restores the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. The benefits of TOs were derived from their modification of the gut microbiota composition and structure in mice. A high-fat diet triggered an increased / ratio that was remarkably restored by TOs. The number of obesity-promoting bacteria-, , , , , , and was dramatically reduced. , , and , three dysbiosis-related species, were especially regulated by HDTO. Regarding the prevention of obesity, HDTO outperforms the normal TO. Intriguingly, HDTO feeding to HFD-fed mice might alter the arginine and proline metabolism of intestinal microbiota.
PubMed: 33312536
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1941 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2020Gut microbial diversity and composition play important roles in health. This cross-sectional study was designed to test the hypothesis that hospitalized children who...
Gut microbial diversity and composition play important roles in health. This cross-sectional study was designed to test the hypothesis that hospitalized children who may be relatively immunocompromised (IC), defined as those with cancer, sickle cell disease (SCD), transplantation, or receiving immunosuppressive therapy) would have decreased microbial diversity, increased colonization and different species composition compared to non-immunocompromised (Non-IC) children admitted to the same pediatric unit. A stool sample was obtained within 72 h of admission to a single unit at The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY from March 2016 to February 2017 and the microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. colonization was assessed by glutamate dehydrogenase antigen and toxin polymerase chain reaction assays. Stool samples were obtained from 69 IC (32 SCD, 19 cancer, 9 transplantation and 9 other) and 37 Non-IC patients. There were no significant differences in microbial alpha diversity and colonization comparing IC vs. non-IC patients. Lower alpha diversity, however, was independently associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors or antibiotics, including prophylactic penicillin in patients with SCD. Differences in specific species abundances were observed when comparing IC vs. non-IC patients, particularly children with SCD. Non-IC patients had increased abundance of commensals associated with health including , and ( < 0.005). Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, which were more commonly used in IC children, were identified as risk factors for lower microbial diversity. Non-IC patients had higher abundance of several bacterial species associated with health. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these differences in gut microbiome.
PubMed: 33282798
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.583446 -
Molecular Metabolism Apr 2019The gut microbiota is an important influencing factor of metabolic health. Although dietary interventions with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics can be effective...
OBJECTIVE
The gut microbiota is an important influencing factor of metabolic health. Although dietary interventions with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics can be effective means to regulate obesity and associated comorbidities, the underlying shifts in gut microbial communities, especially at the functional level, have not been characterized in great details. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of synbiotics on the regulation of gut microbiota and the alleviation of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders in mice.
METHODS
Specific pathogen-free (SPF) male C57BL/6J mice were fed diets with either 10% (normal diet, ND) or 60% (high-fat diet, HFD) of total calories from fat (lard). Dietary interventions in the HFD-fed mice included (i) probiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei DSM 46331), (ii) prebiotic (oat β-glucan), and (iii) synbiotic (a mixture of i and ii) treatments for 12 weeks. Besides detailed characterization of host metabolic parameters, a multi-omics approach was used to systematically profile the microbial signatures at both the phylogenetic and functional levels using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics and targeted metabolomics analysis.
RESULTS
The synbiotic intervention significantly reduced body weight gain and alleviated features of metabolic complications. At the phylogenetic level, the synbiotic treatment significantly reversed HFD-induced changes in microbial populations, both in terms of richness and the relative abundance of specific taxa. Potentially important species such as Faecalibaculum rodentium and Alistipes putredinis that might mediate the beneficial effects of the synbiotic were identified. At the functional level, short-chain fatty acid and bile acid profiles revealed that all dietary interventions significantly restored cecal levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, while the synbiotic treatment reduced the bile acid pools most efficiently. Metaproteomics revealed that the effects of the synbiotic intervention might be mediated through metabolic pathways involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolisms.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggested that dietary intervention using the novel synbiotic can alleviate HFD-induced weight gain and restore gut microbial ecosystem homeostasis phylogenetically and functionally.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Obesity; Synbiotics
PubMed: 30792016
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.012 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024Gut microbiota, or the collection of diverse microorganisms in a specific ecological niche, are known to significantly impact human health. Decreased gut microbiota...
Gut microbiota, or the collection of diverse microorganisms in a specific ecological niche, are known to significantly impact human health. Decreased gut microbiota production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has been implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease progression. Most microbiome studies focus on ethnic majorities. This study aims to understand how the microbiome differs between an ethnic majority (the Dutch) and minority (the South-Asian Surinamese (SAS)) group with a lower and higher prevalence of T2DM, respectively. Microbiome data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) cohort were used. Two age- and gender-matched groups were compared: the Dutch (n = 41) and SAS (n = 43). Microbial community compositions were generated via DADA2. Metrics of microbial diversity and similarity between groups were computed. Biomarker analyses were performed to determine discriminating taxa. Bacterial co-occurrence networks were constructed to examine ecological patterns. A tight microbiota cluster was observed in the Dutch women, which overlapped with some of the SAS microbiota. The Dutch gut contained a more interconnected microbial ecology, whereas the SAS network was dispersed, i.e., contained fewer inter-taxonomic correlational relationships. Bacteroides caccae, Butyricicoccus, Alistipes putredinis, Coprococcus comes, Odoribacter splanchnicus, and Lachnospira were enriched in the Dutch gut. Haemophilus, Bifidobacterium, and Anaerostipes hadrus discriminated the SAS gut. All but Lachnospira and certain strains of Haemophilus are known to produce SCFAs. The Dutch gut microbiome was distinguished from the SAS by diverse, differentially abundant SCFA-producing taxa with significant cooperation. The dynamic ecology observed in the Dutch was not detected in the SAS. Among several potential gut microbial biomarkers, Haemophilus parainfluenzae likely best characterizes the ethnic minority group, which is more predisposed to T2DM. The higher prevalence of T2DM in the SAS may be associated with the gut dysbiosis observed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ethnicity; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Adenosine Deaminase; Minority Groups; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Fatty Acids, Volatile
PubMed: 38403716
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54769-4 -
The Journal of Nutrition Sep 2009In the human gut, commensal bacteria metabolize food components that typically serve as energy sources. These components have the potential to influence gut bacterial... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
In the human gut, commensal bacteria metabolize food components that typically serve as energy sources. These components have the potential to influence gut bacterial community composition. Cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and cabbage, contain distinctive compounds that can be utilized by gut bacteria. For example, glucosinolates can be hydrolyzed by certain bacteria, and dietary fibers can be fermented by a range of species. We hypothesized that cruciferous vegetable consumption would alter growth of certain bacteria, thereby altering bacterial community composition. We tested this hypothesis in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study. Fecal samples were collected from 17 participants at the end of 2 14-d intake periods: a low-phytochemical, low-fiber basal diet (i.e. refined grains without fruits or vegetables) and a high ("double") cruciferous vegetable diet [basal diet + 14 g cruciferous vegetables/(kg body weightd)]. Fecal bacterial composition was analyzed by the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (tRFLP) method using the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene and nucleotide sequencing. Using blocked multi-response permutation procedures analysis, we found that overall bacterial community composition differed between the 2 consumption periods (delta = 0.603; P = 0.011). The bacterial community response to cruciferous vegetables was individual-specific, as revealed by nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination analysis. Specific tRFLP fragments that characterized each of the diets were identified using indicator species analysis. Putative species corresponding to these fragments were identified through gene sequencing as Eubacterium hallii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, Burkholderiales spp., Alistipes putredinis, and Eggerthella spp. In conclusion, human gut bacterial community composition was altered by cruciferous vegetable consumption, which could ultimately influence gut metabolism of bioactive food components and host exposure to these compounds.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Base Sequence; Brassicaceae; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Feces; Female; Fruit; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Library; Humans; Male; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Alignment; Vegetables; Young Adult
PubMed: 19640972
DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.108191 -
The Journal of General and Applied... 2012A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN081(T)) was isolated from rice-straw residue in a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms in Japan. Cells were...
A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN081(T)) was isolated from rice-straw residue in a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms in Japan. Cells were Gram-staining negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming straight rods. The strain grew rather well on PY agar slants supplemented with a B-vitamin mixture as well as sugars (PYV4S medium) and made translucent and glossy colonies. Growth in liquid medium with the same composition, however, was scanty, and growth was not improved in spite of various additives to the medium. Strain WN081(T) produced small amounts of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate and H(2) from PYV liquid medium. The strain did not use carbohydrates or organic acids. The pH range for growth was narrow (pH 6.8-8.2), having a pH optimum at 6.8-7.5. The temperature range for growth was 10-37°C, the optimum being 25-30°C. The strain was sensitive to bile, and did not have catalase or oxidase activities. Hydrogen sulfide was produced from L-cysteine and L-methionine as well as peptone. Indole was produced from L-tryptophan and peptone. The strain had iso-C(15:0) as the exclusively predominant cellular fatty acid (70%) together with some branched chain components (such as iso-C(15:0) DMA, iso-C(17:0) 3-OH and iso-C(15:0) aldehyde) as minor components. The genomic DNA G+C content was 32.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain WN081(T) in the phylum Bacteroidetes with rather low sequence similarities with the related species such as Rikenella microfusus (85.7% sequence similarity), Alistipes putredinis (85.5%) and Alistipes finegoldii (85.5%) in the family Rikenellaceae. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses, the novel genus and species Anaerocella delicata gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the strain. The type strain is WN081(T) (= JCM 17049(T) = DSM 23595(T)).
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Bioreactors; Cattle; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Genes, rRNA; Japan; Methane; Molecular Sequence Data; Oryza; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity
PubMed: 23337575
DOI: 10.2323/jgam.58.405 -
Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco,... Feb 2024To compare the diversity and composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome of patients with SpA.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the diversity and composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome of patients with SpA.
METHODS
MiSeq sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed on DNA isolated from stool. Patients with concurrent SpA and IBD were excluded. Differences were assessed for richness and diversity indices by QIIME 2™. Differences between means >0,2% with a p-value<0,05 were assumed significant. Institutional Ethics Committee endorsement.
RESULTS
69 individuals included, 49 with SpA (ankylosing spondylitis-AS 72,9%, psoriatic arthritis-PsA 18,8%, reactive arthritis-ReA 8,3%) 5 positive controls-dysbiosis and 15 controls-eubiosis. Conventional treatment in 42,9%, anti-IL-17 16,3% and anti-TNF 40,8%. By subtype, statistically significant differences in favour of AS were found for the diversity indices. AS vs PsA there was a difference in favour of AS for (p=0,002), (p=0,009), (p=0,008) and . AS vs ReA there was a difference in favour of AS for (p=0,009), (p=0.006), (p=0.031); (p=0,034). Diversity and richness showed differences in patients with high activity for Simpson's and Pielou's indices. In high activity, lower enrichment of (p= 0,0003), (p= 0,026) and (p=0,035) was found. The number of ASV was higher in the anti-IL-17 vs conventional group (p=0.025) and a trend between anti-IL-17 vs anti-TNF (p=0.09). In anti-TNF there was a lower proportion for (p=0.023), (p=0.030) and (p= 0.003). In anti IL-17, (p= 0.012) was decreased.
CONCLUSIONS
There are differences in microbial diversity for SpA subtypes. The level of disease activity is plausible to influence the composition of the faecal microbiota. Anti-TNFα treatment may influence the microbiome environment favouring restoration of the gut microbiota, while anti-IL-17 may maintain an inflammatory environment.
Topics: Humans; Dysbiosis; Male; Female; Adult; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Middle Aged; Prohibitins; Spondylarthritis; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Arthritis, Reactive
PubMed: 38683098
DOI: 10.29262/ram.v71i1.1305