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Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Nov 2022
Topics: Animals; Moths; Alopecia; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 34971471
DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15861 -
Revue Medicale de Bruxelles Sep 2004The physiopathology of androgenetic alopecia is linked to the action of the androgens of the bulbs pilairs of the scalp. The action of these androgens can be associated... (Review)
Review
The physiopathology of androgenetic alopecia is linked to the action of the androgens of the bulbs pilairs of the scalp. The action of these androgens can be associated with the level of hormones in circulation and with the genetic predisposition which will influence the activity of these androgens at the periphery. The classifications of the evolution of alopecia will be done following Norwood for the male and following Ludwig for the female. Hormonal investigation will be effectuated on the female only in the case of research on or the identification of hyperandrogenia; this is essential in order to direct the therapy. The diagnose and the therapeutic follow-up are essentially clinical but can be assisted by a trichogram which will show-up the miniaturisation process of androgenetic alopecia and the telogen effluvium of the affected areas. The treatment of alopecia can be local or general. The local treatment will use a lotion of minoxidil 2 to 5% whether the patient is male of female. On males, an inhibitor of the 5 alpha reductase 2, finasteride, has shown its efficiency at a dose of 1 mg/day. On females oestroprogestatives will be used, if they are not counter-advised, associated with an anti-androgen: either cyproterone acetate or spironolactone. A therapeutic evaluation will be made after 6 months of treatment.
Topics: Alopecia; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 15516056
DOI: No ID Found -
The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Nov 1998In this two-part series we review the acquired scalp alopecias. A broad spectrum of diseases result in alopecia. In this first part we provide a framework for the... (Review)
Review
In this two-part series we review the acquired scalp alopecias. A broad spectrum of diseases result in alopecia. In this first part we provide a framework for the assessment and diagnosis of scalp hair loss, and begin covering the individual conditions. The non-scarring alopecias covered include effluvium, androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, trichotillomania, and loose anagen syndrome. The scarring alopecias cause permanent pilosebaceous follicle loss; the lymphocyte-associated scarring alopecia described encompasses lichen planopilaris, discoid lupus erythematosus, pseudopelade, and follicular mucinosis. Part II will cover the neutrophil-associated and infiltrative processes causing scarring alopecia followed by the medical management of alopecia. There is particular reference to newly described conditions and progress in the understanding of older conditions. More recently characterized conditions include the loose anagen syndrome, chronic telogen effluvium, and the frontal fibrosing variant of lichen planopilaris.
Topics: Alopecia; Biopsy; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Medical History Taking; Scalp
PubMed: 9838716
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1998.tb01476.x -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD May 2021
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Annales de Dermatologie Et de... Nov 2006
Review
Topics: Alopecia; Black People; Culture; Female; Humans
PubMed: 17127838
DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(06)71067-5 -
The Journal of Investigative... Jun 2003Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known in women as female pattern hair loss, is caused by androgens in genetically susceptible women and men. The thinning begins... (Review)
Review
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known in women as female pattern hair loss, is caused by androgens in genetically susceptible women and men. The thinning begins between ages 12 and 40 years, the inheritance pattern is polygenic, and the incidence is the same as in men. In susceptible hair follicles, dihydrotestosterone binds to the androgen receptor, and the hormone-receptor complex activates the genes responsible for the gradual transformation of large terminal follicles to miniaturized follicles. Both young women and young men with AGA have higher levels of 5alpha reductase and androgen receptor in frontal hair follicles compared to occipital follicles. At the same time, young women have much higher levels of cytochrome p-450 aromatase in frontal follicles than men who have minimal aromatase, and women have even higher aromatase levels in occipital follicles. The diagnosis of AGA in women is supported by early age of onset, the pattern of increased thinning over the frontal/parietal scalp with greater density over the occipital scalp, retention of the frontal hairline, and the presence of miniaturized hairs. Most women with AGA have normal menses and pregnancies. Extensive hormonal testing is usually not needed unless symptoms and signs of androgen excess are present such as hirsutism, severe unresponsive cystic acne, virilization, or galactorrhea. Topical minoxidil solution is the only drug available for promoting hair growth in women with AGA. Efficacy has been shown in double-blind studies using hair counts and hair weight.
Topics: Alopecia; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Minoxidil
PubMed: 12894991
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12168.x -
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2015Hair disorders have a very high social and psychological impact. Treatment is often frustrating and time-consuming both for the patients and the clinicians and requires... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Hair disorders have a very high social and psychological impact. Treatment is often frustrating and time-consuming both for the patients and the clinicians and requires special skills and expertise.
AREAS COVERED
This paper aims to provide an overview of available treatments for the most common forms of alopecia in adults (androgenetic alopecia [AGA], alopecia areata and cicatricial alopecias) after reviewing the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrial.gov.
EXPERT OPINION
Before starting treatment, it is very important to confirm diagnosis and discuss patient's expectations. Treatment of hair disorders requires time and first results are usually visible a few months after beginning of therapy. Treatment of most hair disorders is mostly not evidenced-based as randomized controlled trials are available only for AGA.
Topics: Alopecia; Humans; Immunotherapy; Laser Therapy
PubMed: 26331694
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1084501 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Nov 2018Alopecia is often a cause of great concern to patients for cosmetic and psychologic reasons. The aim of treating non-scarring alopecias is to reduce hair loss and, to... (Review)
Review
Alopecia is often a cause of great concern to patients for cosmetic and psychologic reasons. The aim of treating non-scarring alopecias is to reduce hair loss and, to some extent, enhance hair regrowth. However, therapies for scarring alopecias are limited and aiming to halt disease progression. Nonetheless, available modalities of treatment come with numerous side effects. Areas covered: Many new treatments for non-scarring alopecias have been introduced in recent years. This review summarizes the safety concerns when using novel therapeutic modalities such as JAK inhibitors, hair transplantation, mesotherapy, oral minoxidil, platelet-rich plasma, microneedling, and 5α-reductase inhibitors for treating hair loss. A broad literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar in April 2018 to compile published articles that reported the adverse effects of new therapeutic modalities for alopecia. Expert opinion: Although emerging therapeutic modalities for alopecia have demonstrated efficacy in hair regrowth and treating established disease, their safety profiles vary widely. When considering the new treatments for alopecia, physicians should weigh the potential benefits and risks of each treatment or combination treatment to ensure safe and successful outcomes.
Topics: Alopecia; Cicatrix; Disease Progression; Drug Design; Hair; Humans; Platelet-Rich Plasma
PubMed: 30318935
DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1533549 -
Journal of Pediatric Health Care :... 1991
Topics: Alopecia; Body Image; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 1990117
DOI: 10.1016/0891-5245(91)90048-u -
Dermatologic Therapy 2008Primary cicatricial alopecias are a diagnostically challenging group of disorders characterized by folliculocentric inflammation resulting in destruction of hair... (Review)
Review
Primary cicatricial alopecias are a diagnostically challenging group of disorders characterized by folliculocentric inflammation resulting in destruction of hair follicles and irreversible hair loss. They are classified according to a consensus-issued classification scheme based on the predominant cell type present: lymphocytic, neutrophilic, or mixed. Histopathology is a pivotal component of the diagnostic evaluation. Early diagnosis is critical since timely institution of treatment can halt progression of permanent hair loss. Salient histopathologic findings are presented in this review, along with adjunctive clues derived from interpretation of special stains and direct immunofluorescence studies. Despite careful evaluation, accurate diagnosis may remain elusive in some instances. The primary cicatricial alopecias often share overlapping features. The highest diagnostic yield is procured when histology is correlated with the clinical presentation.
Topics: Alopecia; Biopsy; Cicatrix; Darier Disease; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Folliculitis; Humans; Lichen Planus; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Scalp; Skin
PubMed: 18715291
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00203.x