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Journal of the American Academy of... Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Alopecia Areata
PubMed: 37207950
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.022 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Mar 2022Alopecia areata and depression tend to co-occur; however, their temporal association has not been comprehensively investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the...
Alopecia areata and depression tend to co-occur; however, their temporal association has not been comprehensively investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the temporal association between alopecia areata and depression. The study included only cases with a comorbid presentation of alopecia areata and depression (n = 1,936), extracted from the databases of the Clalit Health Services, Israel. Survival analyses were used to assess the cumulative probability of receiving alopecia areata as comorbid diagnosis in the years following depression, and vice versa, compared with the opposite trajectory. The results indicate that patients with alopecia areata had greater odds of subsequent depression within 2 years from alopecia areata diagnosis, and showed a steeper increase in cumulative probability of depression as time progressed (log-rank =336.38, p < 0.001), compared with the opposite trajectory. All patients with alopecia areata had comorbid depression within 10 years of alopecia areata, compared with 70% of depression patients receiving diagnoses of comorbid alopecia areata within the same time-frame.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Comorbidity; Depression; Humans; Israel; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35146527
DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.1622 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 2011
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Dermoscopy; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 22082840
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.05.001 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Alopecia Areata; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 36994830
DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad113 -
Psychiatria Polska 2015The problems of mental disorders and psychological aspects in the condition referred to as alopecia areata in the Polish context are not well researched yet. The... (Review)
Review
The problems of mental disorders and psychological aspects in the condition referred to as alopecia areata in the Polish context are not well researched yet. The objective of our analyses is to present the results of the review of literature devoted to the occurrence of mental disorders and the participation of psychological factors in the aetiology of alopecia areata. Preparing the review of the research conducted hitherto and concerning the participation of psychological factors in the pathogenesis and the course of alopecia areata, it is indicated that stress, a traumatic situation, a high level of neuroticism and alexithymia, may influence the occurrence, duration and exacerbation of the condition in question. Mental disorders occurring most frequently amongst individuals suffering from alopecia areata are: depression, increased level of anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal thoughts.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; Depression; Humans; Mental Disorders; Phobic Disorders; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26688846
DOI: 10.12740/PP/39064 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Aug 2009Alopecia areata is one of the most frequent organ-restricted autoimmune diseases, yet its pathogenesis is still unclear. In addition, although alopecia areata often... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Alopecia areata is one of the most frequent organ-restricted autoimmune diseases, yet its pathogenesis is still unclear. In addition, although alopecia areata often results in significant psychological distress, effective treatment is lacking.
RECENT FINDINGS
New potential susceptibility loci have been implicated, but the strongest evidence points to certain class II human leukocyte antigen alleles. There is new evidence for the collapse of hair follicle immune privilege as a key step in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. There is also new basic science evidence for stress as a contributing factor in the development of alopecia areata. Few treatments for alopecia areata have been well evaluated in randomized trials.
SUMMARY
Although multiple potential susceptibility loci have been implicated, the genetics of alopecia areata is still unclear. The role of any potential environmental contributors is also unclear. Quality evidence for efficacy of currently used treatments for alopecia areata is lacking.
Topics: Adolescent; Alopecia Areata; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Glucocorticoids; HLA Antigens; Hair Follicle; Humans; Immunotherapy; Laser Therapy; PUVA Therapy; Prognosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19502982
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832db986 -
The Journal of Investigative... Nov 2020Alopecia areata (AA) has been recently shown to also include T-helper cell type 2/IL-23 activation, in addition to T-helper cell type 1/IFN-skewing. The success of Jak...
Alopecia areata (AA) has been recently shown to also include T-helper cell type 2/IL-23 activation, in addition to T-helper cell type 1/IFN-skewing. The success of Jak inhibition together with IL-4Rα antagonism and limited response to IL-17A and PDE4 (protein) inhibition in AA are increasing our understanding of the complex immune interplay in AA. Trials testing targeted therapeutics are needed to further elucidate the pathogenic contribution of various cytokines.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Autoimmune Diseases; Cytokines; Gene Expression; Humans; Keratins; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33099386
DOI: 10.1016/j.jisp.2020.04.007 -
Experimental Dermatology Sep 2013The pathobiology of alopecia areata (AA), one of the most frequent autoimmune diseases and a major unsolved clinical problem, has intrigued dermatologists, hair... (Review)
Review
The pathobiology of alopecia areata (AA), one of the most frequent autoimmune diseases and a major unsolved clinical problem, has intrigued dermatologists, hair biologists and immunologists for decades. Simultaneously, both affected patients and the physicians who take care of them are increasingly frustrated that there is still no fully satisfactory treatment. Much of this frustration results from the fact that the pathobiology of AA remains unclear, and no single AA pathogenesis concept can claim to be universally accepted. In fact, some investigators still harbour doubts whether this even is an autoimmune disease, and the relative importance of CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) T cells and NKGD2(+) NK or NKT cells and the exact role of genetic factors in AA pathogenesis remain bones of contention. Also, is AA one disease, a spectrum of distinct disease entities or only a response pattern of normal hair follicles to immunologically mediated damage? During the past decade, substantial progress has been made in basic AA-related research, in the development of new models for translationally relevant AA research and in the identification of new therapeutic agents and targets for future AA management. This calls for a re-evaluation and public debate of currently prevalent AA pathobiology concepts. The present Controversies feature takes on this challenge, hoping to attract more skin biologists, immunologists and professional autoimmunity experts to this biologically fascinating and clinically important model disease.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice; Models, Immunological; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 23947678
DOI: 10.1111/exd.12209 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Jul 2002Several rodent models with spontaneous and induced alopecia areata (AA), a nonscarring inflammatory hair loss disease with suspected autoimmune elements, have been... (Review)
Review
Several rodent models with spontaneous and induced alopecia areata (AA), a nonscarring inflammatory hair loss disease with suspected autoimmune elements, have been identified. Of these, the C3H/HeJ mouse and DEBR rat have been most extensively used in examining AA development. Flow cytometry and micro array characterization, manipulation of inflammatory cells by in vivo cell depletion or cell receptor blockade, lymph node cell transfer between affected and unaffected rodents, and the recent use of transgenic knockout mice have given important insights into the development of AA. From our current understanding of rodent models, the development of AA relies upon a general genetic susceptibility where major susceptibility genes may be supplemented by minor disease severity modifying genes. However, the actual onset of AA, its duration, extent, and persistence in individual rodents may be modified by epigenetic factors. Rodent AA seems to be fundamentally, but not exclusively, Th1 cell mediated. Onset of disease may be dependent on several factors including the break down of the putative anagen stage hair follicle immune privilege, appropriate antigen presentation with costimulation of lymphocytes, presence of autoreactive lymphocytes, and a deficiency of functional immune system regulatory cells. Rodents have already been used in examining a variety of current AA treatments and developing new therapies with some success. With a greater understanding of AA disease mechanisms through rodent model research, improved and more specific treatment interventions may be defined.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phenotype; Rats
PubMed: 12190642
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01075.x -
Advances in Therapy Jul 2017Recent genetic and preclinical studies have increased our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). This has allowed expedited development of... (Review)
Review
Recent genetic and preclinical studies have increased our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). This has allowed expedited development of targeted therapies for the treatment of AA, and a paradigm shift in our approach and understanding of autoimmunity and the hair follicle. The synergy between preclinical studies, animal models, and translational studies has led to unprecedented advances in the treatment options for AA, ultimately benefiting patients who have had little recourse. In this review, we summarize the scientific field of contemporary AA research, and look forward to potential new technologies and developments.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Animals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 28646392
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0540-9