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Journal of the Science of Food and... Dec 2021Rice α-globulin has been reported to have serum cholesterol-lowering activity in rats. However, it is still unclear whether α-globulin exerts this effect when taken as...
BACKGROUND
Rice α-globulin has been reported to have serum cholesterol-lowering activity in rats. However, it is still unclear whether α-globulin exerts this effect when taken as one of the dietary components. In the present study, we investigated the effect of two cultivars of rice, low glutelin content (LGC)-1 and LGC-Jun, on reducing serum cholesterol in exogenously hypercholesterolemic (ExHC) rats. LGC-1 is enriched in α-globulin (10.6 mg g rice flour, which is an approximately 1.5 times higher α-globulin content than in Koshihikari a predominant rice cultivar in Japan), whereas LGC-Jun is a globulin-negative cultivar.
METHODS
ExHC rats, the model strain of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, were fed 50% LGC-1 or LGC-Jun and 0.5% cholesterol-containing diets for 2 weeks, followed by measurement of cholesterol metabolism parameters in serum and tissues.
RESULTS
Serum cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the LGC-1 group compared to the LGC-Jun group. Cholesterol intestinal absorption markers, hepatic and serum levels of campesterol and β-sitosterol, and lymphatic cholesterol transport were not different between the two groups. Levels of 7α-hydroxycholesterol, an intermediate of bile acid synthesis, showed a downward trend in the livers of rats that were fed LGC-1 (P = 0.098). There was a significant decrease in the hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp7a1 (a synthetic enzyme for 7α-hydroxycholesterol) in the LGC-1 group compared to the LGC-Jun group.
CONCLUSION
Dietary LGC-1 significantly decreased serum cholesterol levels in ExHC rats. The possible mechanism for the cholesterol-lowering activity of LGC-1 is partial inhibition of bile acid and cholesterol synthesis in the liver. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholesterol; Glutens; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Liver; Male; Oryza; Plant Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 33982308
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11312 -
IARC Scientific Publications 1999
Review
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Carcinogens; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Neoplasms; Kidney Tubules; Male; Protein Binding; Rats; Sex Factors; Species Specificity
PubMed: 10457913
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Oct 1964
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Biopsy; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Complement Fixation Tests; Diethylcarbamazine; Drug Therapy; Eosinophilia; Fever; Humans; Leukocyte Disorders; Male; Muscles; Prostatitis; Skin Manifestations; Trichinellosis
PubMed: 14217252
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 1975
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Autoradiography; Cattle; Cell Biology; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Cell Survival; Chick Embryo; DNA; Growth Substances; Histones; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Microtubules; Muscles; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Pinocytosis; Protein Binding; RNA; Thymidine; Tritium
PubMed: 47217
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0731-1_10 -
Archives of Interamerican Rheumatology... Dec 1964
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Blood Protein Disorders; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Sedimentation; Geriatrics; Humans
PubMed: 14263926
DOI: No ID Found -
Plant Biotechnology Journal Apr 2020Gluten-free foods cannot substitute for products made from wheat flour. When wheat products are digested, the remaining peptides can trigger an autoimmune disease in 1%...
Gluten-free foods cannot substitute for products made from wheat flour. When wheat products are digested, the remaining peptides can trigger an autoimmune disease in 1% of the North American and European population, called coeliac disease. Because wheat proteins are encoded by a large gene family, it has been impossible to use conventional breeding to select wheat varieties that are coeliac-safe. However, one can test the properties of protein variants by expressing single genes in coeliac-safe cereals like maize. One source of protein that can be considered as coeliac-safe and has bread-making properties is teff (Eragrostis tef), a grain consumed in Ethiopia. Here, we show that teff α-globulin3 (Etglo3) forms storage vacuoles in maize that are morphologically similar to those of wheat. Using transmission electron microscopy, immunogold labelling shows that Etglo3 is almost exclusively deposited in the storage vacuole as electron-dense aggregates. Of maize seed storage proteins, 27-kDa γ-zein is co-deposited with Etglo3. Etglo3 polymerizes via intermolecular disulphide bonds in maize, similar to wheat HMW glutenins under non-reducing conditions. Crossing maize Etglo3 transgenic lines with α-, β- and γ-zein RNA interference (RNAi) lines reveals that Etglo3 accumulation is only dramatically reduced in γ-zein RNAi background. This suggests that Etglo3 and 27-kDa γ-zein together cause storage vacuole formation and behave similar to the interactions of glutenins and gliadins in wheat. Therefore, expression of teff α-globulins in maize presents a major step in the development of a coeliac-safe grain with bread-making properties.
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Bread; Eragrostis; Flour; Glutens; Plants, Genetically Modified; Seed Storage Proteins; Triticum; Zea mays
PubMed: 31585498
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13273 -
Food Chemistry May 2012The hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effects of rice α-globulin remain unclear. We investigated the hypocholesterolemic effect of rice α-globulin in rats fed a...
Rice α-globulin decreases serum cholesterol concentrations in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet and ameliorates atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
The hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effects of rice α-globulin remain unclear. We investigated the hypocholesterolemic effect of rice α-globulin in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. The rats were divided into 4 groups and were orally administrated the following three proteins or a vehicle for 4weeks: rice protein, rice α-globulin, or soy β-conglycinin at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight or carboxymethylcellulose to the control rats. In the rice α-globulin group, serum cholesterol concentrations were 28% lower than the control group and fecal neutral steroid excretion was increased by 30%. The hypocholesterolemic effect of rice α-globulin was equal to soy β-conglycinin in SD rats fed the hypercholesterolemic diet. However, the serum cholesterol concentrations in the rice protein group did not change compared to the control group. To investigate the antiatherogenic effects of rice α-globulin, male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were orally administered the same dose of rice α-globulin for 9weeks. The en face lesion area in the aorta was 46% lower than in the control group. In conclusion, administration of rice α-globulin improves hypercholesterolemia in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet by increasing the fecal excretion of neutral sterols, and inhibits atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. The anti-atherosclerotic effect exerts by mechanism(s) other than the regulation of serum MCP-1 and NO concentrations.
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Diet; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Mice; Oryza; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 26434280
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.056 -
The Journal of Histochemistry and... Feb 1989alpha 2u-Globulin, the principal urinary protein of the male rat, has extensive sequence homology with many lipid binding proteins. The highest concentration of alpha...
alpha 2u-Globulin, the principal urinary protein of the male rat, has extensive sequence homology with many lipid binding proteins. The highest concentration of alpha 2u-globulin is found in the preputial gland, a holocrine secretory organ with pheromonal function. Meibomian and perianal glands are two other modified sebaceous glands with holocrine secretory cycles and pleiomorphic peroxisomes capable of synthesizing pheromonal lipids. Immunocytochemical examination shows the presence of alpha 2u-globulin in the acinar cells of all three of these modified sebaceous glands. Whereas in the preputial gland all of the acinar cells exhibit immunoreactivity, in the meibomian and perianal glands only selective cells contain alpha 2u-globulin. In the case of the preputial gland, in addition to the acinar cells some stratified epithelial cells also were immunoreactive. In the perianal and meibomian glands, keratinocytes lining nearby hair shafts and select cells of accessory oil glands stained for alpha 2u-globulin. In situ hybridization with a cloned cRNA probe confirmed the immunocytochemical data. Presence of the alpha 2u-globulin mRNA in these glands was also established by Northern blot analysis. Immunoelectron microscopic examination of preputial alpha 2u-globulin showed the presence of this protein in secretory granules of various maturational stages. Immunolabeled alpha 2u was also found in attached vesicles containing protein and lipid inclusions. The lytic cells were not only loaded with alpha 2u-globulin but also contained sharp-edged, irregularly shaped electron-dense granules which stained heavily for this protein. Specific localization of alpha 2u-globulin and its mRNA in three pheromone-producing sebaceous glands and its structural homology with known lipid binding proteins indicate a pheromone carrier role of alpha 2u-globulin.
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Meibomian Glands; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Perianal Glands; Pheromones; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Sebaceous Glands
PubMed: 2463299
DOI: 10.1177/37.2.2463299 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Sep 1966Electrophoretic analysis shows a strong similarity in the blood serums of chickens subjected to egg parabiosis and of chickens repeatedly injected with fraction IV...
Electrophoretic analysis shows a strong similarity in the blood serums of chickens subjected to egg parabiosis and of chickens repeatedly injected with fraction IV (alpha globulins). In both instances there is an evident rise in the albumin-plus alpha(1) titer and an evident decrease in the gamma globulin levels. These findings suggest that the injection of alpha globulins has the same serum effect on the animal as parabiotically induced blood chimerism, namely, a reduction in circulating gamma globulin (immunoglobulins?).
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Parabiosis; Poultry; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Heterologous; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 4162096
DOI: 10.1126/science.153.3741.1261 -
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology... Feb 1991
Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Risk
PubMed: 1708900
DOI: 10.1016/0273-2300(91)90037-v