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The Journal of Nutrition Sep 1998In rodents, chronic dietary alpha-linolenic acid deficiency decreases learning and memory and alters dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission. However, these...
In rodents, chronic dietary alpha-linolenic acid deficiency decreases learning and memory and alters dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission. However, these two neurotransmitter systems are related mainly to attention, emotion and locomotion. Therefore, we decided to investigate the effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid deficiency in rats tested with animal models of distractibility (the distractometer procedure), anxiety (the elevated plus maze) and ambulatory activity (a circular corridor). Moreover, because these neurochemical modifications persist during aging, we decided to study the effects of aging on these behaviors by using rats aged 2, 6, 12 and 24 mo. An age-related decline in distractibility was observed that was accelerated by linolenic acid deficiency. Indeed, an age-related reduction in distractibility was found in so far as distraction time was reduced at the age of 12 mo in controls and at the age of 24 mo in deficient groups compared with 2-mo-old rats. Moreover, distraction time was significantly lower in 6- and 24-mo-old rats fed a deficient diet compared with age-matched controls. Anxiety was not modified by diet or age. Finally, a parallel decrease in locomotion was exhibited by rats fed both diets between 6 and 12 mo of age. Locomotion was not modified by diet. These results show that dietary alpha-linolenic deficiency alters behavior in a very specific way; distractibility is modified by diet, whereas anxiety and locomotion are not, suggesting that particular brain areas may be altered.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior, Animal; Dietary Fats; Female; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Running; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 9732316
DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.9.1537 -
Reproduction in Domestic Animals =... Feb 2015The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on frozen-thawed quality and fatty acid composition of bull sperm. For that, twenty-four...
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on frozen-thawed quality and fatty acid composition of bull sperm. For that, twenty-four ejaculates obtained from three bulls were diluted in a Tris extender containing 0 (control), 3, 5, 10 and 15 ng/ml of ALA. Extended semen was incubated at 37°C for 15 min, to allow absorption of ALA by sperm cell membrane. The sample was chilled for 2 h, packed into 0.25-ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24 h. Subsequently, straws were thawed and evaluated for total sperm motility (computer-assisted semen analysis), membrane functional integrity (hypo-osmotic swelling test), viability (eosin-nigrosin), fatty acid composition (gas chromatography) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)). A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of total sperm motility was observed in ALA groups 5 ng/ml (47.74 ± 07) and 10 ng/ml (44.90 ± 0.7) in comparison with control (34.53 ± 3.0), 3 ng/ml (34.40 ± 2.6) and 15 ng/ml (34.60 ± 2.9). Still, the 5 ng/ml ALA group presented a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of viable sperms (74.13 ± 0.8) and sperms with intact membrane (74.46 ± 09) than all other experimental groups. ALA concentration and lipid peroxidation in post-thawed sperm was higher in all treated groups when compared to the control group. As such, the addition of 5 ng/ml of ALA to Tris extender improved quality of frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Membrane; Cell Survival; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Fatty Acids; Hot Temperature; Lipid Peroxidation; Malaysia; Male; Semen Analysis; Semen Preservation; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Tromethamine; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 25366298
DOI: 10.1111/rda.12445 -
Life Sciences Dec 2022Evolving type 2 diabetes (T2D) may influence locomotion and affective state, promoting metabolic dysfunction. We examined behaviour and neurobiology in a model of T2D,...
AIM
Evolving type 2 diabetes (T2D) may influence locomotion and affective state, promoting metabolic dysfunction. We examined behaviour and neurobiology in a model of T2D, testing for benefits with dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).
METHODS
Male C57Bl/6 mice received vehicle or 75 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and 21 wks of control or Western diets (43 % fat, 40 % carbohydrate, 17 % protein). Sub-sets received dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA; 10 % of fat intake) for 6 wks. Behaviour was examined via open field and sucrose preference tests, and hippocampal and frontal cortex (FC) leptin and dopamine levels and inflammatory signalling assessed.
KEY FINDINGS
T2D mice exhibited weight gain (+15 %), hyperglycemia (+35 %), hyperinsulinemia (+60 %) and insulin-resistance (+80 % higher HOMA-IR), together with anxiety-like behaviour (without anhedonia) that appeared independent of body weight and glycemic status. Cortical leptin declined whereas receptor mRNA increased. Supplementation with ALA did not influence metabolic state, while enhancing locomotion and reducing anxiety-like behaviours in healthy but not T2D mice. Hippocampal dopamine was selectively increased by ALA in T2D mice, with a trend to reduced circulating leptin in both groups. Across all groups, anxiety-like behaviour was associated with declining cortical and hippocampal leptin levels and increasing receptor mRNA, while declining dopamine levels were accompanied by decreased dopamine/serotonin receptor transcripts.
SIGNIFICANCE
Chronic T2D induced anxiogenesis in mice appears to be independent of metabolic homeostasis but linked to central leptin-resistance, together with disturbed dopamine and serotonin signalling. Despite anxiolytic effects of ALA in healthy mice, no metabolic or behavioural benefits were evident in T2D.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Leptin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Neurobiology; Dopamine; Fatty Acids; Diet, Western; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 36349604
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121137 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jan 2020Silver magnetic amino silicone adhesive (FeO@SiO@NH@Ag) particles were prepared for the purification of α-linolenic acid from tree peony seed oil under applied magnetic...
Synthesis and application of novel silver magnetic amino silicone adhesive particles for preparation of high purity α-linolenic acid from tree peony seed oil under applied magnetic field.
Silver magnetic amino silicone adhesive (FeO@SiO@NH@Ag) particles were prepared for the purification of α-linolenic acid from tree peony seed oil under applied magnetic field. First, FeO@SiO@NH@Ag particles were prepared and physicochemically characterized, including XRD, TG, FTIR, SEM, magnetic hysteresis curves and elemental analysis. The static process for the purification of α-linolenic acid using FeO@SiO@NH@Ag particles was investigated, including adsorption curve, desorption curve, elution solvent composition and adsorption isotherm. The result indicated that 0-1-4% acetone-n-hexane elution solvent was selected for the gradient elution process, 2 h and 60 min were the time required to reach adsorption and desorption equilibrium, 20 °C was selected as the adsorption temperature, Langmuir model was suitable to fit and explain the equilibrium data, and the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Under applied magnetic field, the dynamic process for the purification of α-linolenic acid using FeO@SiO@NH@Ag particles was investigated, and the optimum conditions were 20:1 µL/g loading amount, 0.5 mL/min flow rate and 51.73 Oe magnetic field intensity. After purification, the purity and recovery ratio of α-linolenic acid were calculated to be 94% and 74%, respectively. Furthermore, the recycled FeO@SiO@NH@Ag particles still achieved better purification result. Therefore, the developed method shows a good application prospect in the field of separation and purification of α-linolenic acid.
Topics: Adhesives; Magnetic Fields; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Paeonia; Plant Oils; Seeds; Silicones; Silver; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 31543337
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460540 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Jul 2016The regulation of lipogenesis mechanisms related to consumption of n-3 PUFA is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to find out whether α-linolenic acid...
The regulation of lipogenesis mechanisms related to consumption of n-3 PUFA is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to find out whether α-linolenic acid (ALA) or DHA uptake can have an effect on activities and gene expressions of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of growing-finishing pigs. Six groups of ten pigs received one of six experimental diets supplemented with rapeseed oil in the control diet, extruded linseed, microalgae or a mixture of both to implement different levels of ALA and DHA with the same content in total n-3. Results were analysed for linear and quadratic effects of DHA intake. The results showed that activities of malic enzyme (ME) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) decreased linearly in the liver with dietary DHA. Although the expression of the genes of these enzymes and their activities were poorly correlated, ME and FAS expressions also decreased linearly with DHA intake. The intake of DHA down-regulates the expressions of other genes involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism in some tissues of pigs, such as fatty acid desaturase 2 and sterol-regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 in the liver and 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 2 in the LD muscle. FA oxidation in the LD muscle and FA synthesis decreased in the liver with increasing amount of dietary DHA, whereas a retroconversion of DHA into EPA seems to be set up in this last tissue.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Diet; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fatty Acid Synthases; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Lipid Metabolism; Lipogenesis; Male; Swine; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 27181335
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516001392 -
Journal of Separation Science Jul 2019α-Linolenic acid is an essential omega-3 fatty acid needed for human health. However, the isolation of high-purity α-linolenic acid from plant resources is...
α-Linolenic acid is an essential omega-3 fatty acid needed for human health. However, the isolation of high-purity α-linolenic acid from plant resources is challenging. The preparative separation methods of α-linolenic acid by both conventional and pH-zone refining counter current chromatography were firstly established in this work. The successful separation of α-linolenic acid by conventional counter current chromatography was achieved by the optimized solvent system n-heptane/methanol/ water/acetic acid (10:9:1:0.04, v/v), producing 466 mg of 98.98% α-linolenic acid from 900 mg free fatty acid sample prepared from perilla seed oil with linoleic acid and oleic acid as by-products. The scaled-up separation in 45× is efficient without loss of resolution and extension of separation time. The separation of α-linolenic acid by pH-zone refining counter current chromatography was also satisfactory by the solvent system n-hexane/methanol/water (10:5:5, v/v) and the optimized concentration of trifluoroacetic acid 30 mM and NH OH 10 mM. The separation can be scaled up in 180× producing 9676.7 mg of 92.79% α-linolenic acid from 18 000 mg free fatty acid sample. pH-zone refining counter current chromatography exhibits a great advantage over conventional counter current chromatography with 20× sample loading capacity on the same column.
Topics: Countercurrent Distribution; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 31066188
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900189 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2017Consumption of alpha linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG) reduces visceral fat area. In this study, we performed a randomized, placebo-controlled,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Consumption of alpha linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG) reduces visceral fat area. In this study, we performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention trial to investigate the effect of ALA-DAG on dietary fat oxidation in comparison with control triacylglycerol (TAG). Each subject (n=16) consumed either 2.5 g/d of ALA-DAG or TAG for 14-d, separated by a 21-d washout period. At the end of each consumption period, we assessed dietary fat oxidation. ALA-DAG consumption significantly enhanced dietary fat utilization as energy compared to TAG consumption.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Dietary Fats; Diglycerides; Double-Blind Method; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Triglycerides; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 28154349
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16183 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jun 2002
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diet Records; Dietary Fats; Humans; Incidence; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 12036822
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1121 -
Journal of Oleo Science Aug 2016Alpha linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG) reduces visceral fat area and body fat in rodents and humans compared to conventional triacylglycerol (TAG).... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Alpha linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG) reduces visceral fat area and body fat in rodents and humans compared to conventional triacylglycerol (TAG). Although ALA-DAG increases dietary fat utilization as energy in rodents, its effects in humans are not known. The present study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention trial performed to clarify the effect of ALA-DAG on postprandial energy metabolism in humans. Nineteen healthy subjects participated in this study, and postprandial energy metabolism was evaluated using indirect calorimetry followed by 14-d repeated pre-consumption of TAG (rapeseed oil) as a control or ALA-DAG. As a primary outcome, ALA-DAG induced significantly higher postprandial fat oxidation than TAG. As a secondary outcome, carbohydrate oxidation tended to be decreased. In addition, postprandial energy expenditure was significantly increased by ALA-DAG compared to TAG. These findings suggest that daily ALA-DAG consumption stimulates dietary fat utilization as energy after a meal, as well as greater diet induced thermogenesis in healthy humans. In conclusion, repeated consumption of ALA-DAG enhanced postprandial fat metabolism after a meal, which may partially explain its visceral fat area-reducing effect.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Calorimetry; Diet; Diglycerides; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Fats; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Postprandial Period; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 27430386
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16064 -
Analytica Chimica Acta Feb 2009This paper proposes an analytical method for simultaneous near-infrared (NIR) spectrometric determination of alpha-linolenic and linoleic acid in eight types of edible...
Determination of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in edible oils using near-infrared spectroscopy improved by wavelet transform and uninformative variable elimination.
This paper proposes an analytical method for simultaneous near-infrared (NIR) spectrometric determination of alpha-linolenic and linoleic acid in eight types of edible vegetable oils and their blending. For this purpose, a combination of spectral wavelength selection by wavelet transform (WT) and elimination of uninformative variables (UVE) was proposed to obtain simple partial least square (PLS) models based on a small subset of wavelengths. WT was firstly utilized to compress full NIR spectra which contain 1413 redundant variables, and 42 wavelet approximate coefficients were obtained. UVE was then carried out to further select the informative variables. Finally, 27 and 19 wavelet approximate coefficients were selected by UVE for alpha-linolenic and linoleic acid, respectively. The selected variables were used as inputs of PLS model. Due to original spectra were compressed, and irrelevant variables were eliminated, more parsimonious and efficient model based on WT-UVE was obtained compared with the conventional PLS model with full spectra data. The coefficient of determination (r(2)) and root mean square error prediction set (RMSEP) for prediction set were 0.9345 and 0.0123 for alpha-linolenic acid prediction by WT-UVE-PLS model. The r(2) and RMSEP were 0.9054, 0.0437 for linoleic acid prediction. The good performance showed a potential application using WT-UVE to select NIR effective variables. WT-UVE can both speed up the calculation and improve the predicted results. The results indicated that it was feasible to fast determine alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid content in edible oils using NIR spectroscopy.
Topics: Data Interpretation, Statistical; Least-Squares Analysis; Linoleic Acid; Plant Oils; Reproducibility of Results; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 19185115
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.024