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British Medical Journal Aug 1961
Topics: Acidosis; Ammonium Chloride; Humans
PubMed: 14447351
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Science Feb 1955
Topics: Acidosis; Ammonium Chloride; Humans
PubMed: 14364840
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecular Diversity Aug 2019This research describes a simple and efficient one-pot synthetic approach for the preparation of tetrahydrodiazepine and dihydropyrazine (or dihydroquinoxaline)...
This research describes a simple and efficient one-pot synthetic approach for the preparation of tetrahydrodiazepine and dihydropyrazine (or dihydroquinoxaline) derivatives in high yields in the presence of a substoichiometric amount of ammonium chloride as a green accelerator on water at 50 °C within 1-3 h.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Azepines; Catalysis; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Green Chemistry Technology; Pyrazines; Water
PubMed: 30465252
DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9893-5 -
Biopreservation and Biobanking Jun 2022The safety of banked human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) purified by 155 mM ammonium chloride (NHCl)-based erythrocyte lysis has not been evaluated. This study...
The safety of banked human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) purified by 155 mM ammonium chloride (NHCl)-based erythrocyte lysis has not been evaluated. This study was conducted to determine the impact of NHCl-based erythrocyte lysis on the biological characteristics of cryopreserved hADSCs. Stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) were obtained from lipoaspirates and purified with NHCl-based erythrocyte lysis (lysis group) or without (nonlysis group). The hADSCs were freshly isolated (fresh group) from SVFs and/or cryopreserved for 2 weeks (cryo group). The morphologies, immunophenotypes, viability, apoptosis, and growth kinetics of each group were compared. The cell cycle and differentiation capacity assays were performed in both cryopreserved groups. All groups showed similar cell morphology, immunological phenotypes, and viability. However, the main effect of lysis and its interaction with cryopreservation were observed when early apoptosis was regarded as a dependent variable in two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. After cryopreservation, significant growth retardation and S-phase fraction reduction were observed in lytic hADSCs compared with those in nonlytic hADSCs. No significant differences in the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacities were found between the two groups. Although NHCl-based erythrocyte lysis did not affect the cell morphology, immunological phenotypes, viability, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacities of cryopreserved hADSCs, exposure to NHCl-based erythrocyte lysis or its synergistic action with cryopreservation may induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation and mitosis of cryopreserved hADSCs. These results indicate that NHCl-based erythrocyte lysis is not suitable for high-quality banked collection of hADSCs for future clinical applications. Further development of safe, convenient, and cost-effective purification methods of hADSCs is warranted.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Ammonium Chloride; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Erythrocytes; Osteogenesis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34704812
DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0035 -
Pflugers Archiv Fur Die Gesamte... Oct 1952
Topics: Acidosis; Ammonium Chloride; Humans
PubMed: 13003470
DOI: 10.1007/BF00363474 -
Effect of Substituents on the Homopolymerization Activity of Methyl Alkyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Among nitrogen-containing cationic electrolytes, diallyl quaternary ammonium salt is a typical monomer with the highest positive charge density, which has attracted the...
Among nitrogen-containing cationic electrolytes, diallyl quaternary ammonium salt is a typical monomer with the highest positive charge density, which has attracted the most attention, especially in the research on homopolymers and copolymers of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), which occupy a very unique and important position. In order to improve the lipophilicity of substituted diallyl ammonium chloride monomers under the premise of high cationic charge density, the simplest, most direct, and most efficient structure design strategy was selected in this paper. Only one of the substituents on DMDAAC quaternary ammonium nitrogen was modified by alkyl; the substituents were propyl and amyl groups, and their corresponding monomers were methyl propyl diallyl ammonium chloride (MPDAAC) and methyl amyl diallyl ammonium chloride (MADAAC), respectively. The effect of substituent structure on the homopolymerization activity of methyl alkyl diallyl ammonium chloride was illustrated by quantum chemical calculation and homopolymerization rate determination experiments via ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator system. The results of quantum chemistry simulation showed that, with the finite increase in substituted alkyl chain length, the numerical values of the bond length and the charge distribution of methyl alkyl diallyl ammonium chloride monomer changed little, with the activation energy of the reactions in the following order: DMDAAC < MPDAAC < MADAAC. The polymerization activities measured by the dilatometer method were in the order DMDAAC > MPDAAC > MADAAC. The activation energies Ea of homopolymerization were 96.70 kJ/mol, 97.25 kJ/mol, and 100.23 kJ/mol, and the rate equation of homopolymerization of each monomer was obtained. After analyzing and comparing these results, it could be easily found that the electronic effect of substituent was not obvious, whereas the effect of the steric hindrance was dominant. The above studies have laid a good foundation for an understanding of the polymerization activity of methyl alkyl diallyl ammonium chloride monomers and the possibility of preparation and application of these polymers with high molecular weight.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Ammonium Compounds; Nitrogen; Polymerization; Polymers
PubMed: 35897851
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154677 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Mar 1979
Topics: Alkalosis; Ammonium Chloride; Humans; Liver Diseases
PubMed: 426428
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-442_1 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Dec 2019Simultaneous quantification of short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in environmental matrices is challenging and has received much attention from...
Simultaneous quantification of short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in environmental matrices is challenging and has received much attention from environmental chemists. In this study, ammonium-chloride-enhanced liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was developed for the first time to quantify CPs in sediments and aqueous samples. Three ionization sources, including atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), electrospray ionization (ESI), and thermal-assisted-ESI, were employed to examine the performance of ammonium chloride as the chloride ion supply reagent in comparison with traditional chloride ion supply reagent, dichloromethane. Ammonium chloride can be easily used with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC), whereas dichloromethane is not compatible with aqueous LC mobile phase. Furthermore, other anion-supply reagents, such as ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, and ammonium bromide, were also tested. It was concluded that the adducts of the CPs with the anions were reversible and could partially dissociate into deprotonated CP ions. The yield of deprotonated CP ions was associated with the gas-phase basicity of the deprotonated CP ions and the corresponding anions. Furthermore, collision-induced dissociation curves were drawn to quantify the stability of anionic CP adducts. The ammonium-chloride-enhanced LC-HRMS was further employed for identifying CPs in sediment samples and coupled with an online SPE method for detecting CPs in aqueous samples. This study may significantly contribute to the qualification and quantification of CPs in environmental matrices.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Chromatography, Liquid; Mass Spectrometry; Paraffin
PubMed: 31585406
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113303 -
Journal of Dairy Science Dec 1988Forty-eight Holstein cows with two or more previous lactations and no history of parturient paresis were randomly assigned to one of four prepartum diets in a 2 x 2... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Forty-eight Holstein cows with two or more previous lactations and no history of parturient paresis were randomly assigned to one of four prepartum diets in a 2 x 2 factorial design to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with ammonium salts and Ca intake on serum Ca concentrations at calving. Four diets provided either 53 g total dietary Ca/d or 105 g Ca/d and were either supplemented with ammonium salts [100 g/d each of NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4] or unsupplemented. Anion-cation balance of the diets, calculated as milliequivalents (Na + K)--(Cl + S), was -75 meq/kg DM with ammonium salts and +189 meq/kg DM without ammonium salts. Experimental diets were fed from 21 d prior to expected parturition until calving. Calcium intake during the feeding period did not affect the incidence of parturient paresis or serum concentrations of ionized Ca at calving. The incidence of parturient paresis was 4% with and 17% without the ammonium salts. Cows fed diets containing ammonium salts had higher serum ionized and total Ca concentrations at parturition. Serum concentrations of Mg, P, Na, K, and Cl on the day of parturition were unaffected by dietary treatment.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Ammonium Sulfate; Animals; Calcium, Dietary; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diet; Female; Parturient Paresis; Pregnancy
PubMed: 3235732
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79935-X -
Bioresource Technology Mar 2019Based on the phenomenon of the sharp decrease of HS concentration in biogas during high solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD), the potential inhibitors of HS production and...
Based on the phenomenon of the sharp decrease of HS concentration in biogas during high solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD), the potential inhibitors of HS production and their impact upon the stability of digesters during waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic digestion (AD) were evaluated. The results showed that HS concentration in biogas decreased over 80% during HSAD compared to conventional AD. The results of biochemical methane potential tests indicated NHCl at a dosage ratio of 2.50 g·L was determined as the optimum inhibitor of HS in-situ prevention (ISP). HS concentration in conventional AD decreased by over 45% at the same NHCl dosage ratio. Subsequent stable biogas yield under a small fluctuation of pH and biogas components in digesters revealed that the stability of digester was not affected. NH4Cl dosage showed an H2S ISP effect during WAS conventional AD under the condition that AD reactors were stable.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Anaerobiosis; Biofuels; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methane; Sewage
PubMed: 30611091
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.089