-
Nursing & Health Sciences Jun 2023This quasi-experimental study aimed to identify the effect of decontamination using quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) on bacterial burden on hospital privacy curtains....
This quasi-experimental study aimed to identify the effect of decontamination using quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) on bacterial burden on hospital privacy curtains. The objects were the high-touch edges of 66 polyester curtains in inpatient wards. The decontamination was performed daily (n = 22), twice-weekly (n = 22), or not performed (n = 22) for 28 days. The bacterial burden on the curtains was measured based on the number of bacteria, the proportion of curtains with >2.5 colony-forming unit/cm , and the proportion of curtains with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). As a result, the daily or twice-weekly decontamination groups showed a significantly lower increase in bacterial burden than the no-decontamination group overall and at all four posttest times. On day 28, daily decontamination showed a lower increase in the number of bacteria (p < 0.001) and proportions of curtains with >2.5 colony form units/cm (p < 0.001) than the no-decontamination condition, and in the number of curtains with MDROs than twice-weekly decontamination. In conclusion, decontamination of curtains using QAC helps reduce bacterial burden, and daily decontamination is recommended up to 28 days after installation.
Topics: Humans; Ammonium Chloride; Privacy; Hospitals; Bacteria
PubMed: 37263618
DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13019 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Mar 2002A novel multicomponent synthesis of 5-aminooxazole starting from simple and readily available inputs is described. Thus, simply heating a methanol solution of an...
A novel multicomponent synthesis of 5-aminooxazole starting from simple and readily available inputs is described. Thus, simply heating a methanol solution of an aldehyde 3, an amine 4, and an alpha-isocyanoacetamide 5 provided the 5-aminooxazole (1) in good to excellent yield. The reaction of 1 with alpha,beta-unsaturated acyl chloride 13 lead to the formation of pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one (2) in a single operation. A triple domino sequence, acylation/IMDA/retro-Michael cycloreversion, is involved in this new scaffold-generating reaction. After the observation that ammonium chloride can significantly accelerate the oxazole formation in toluene, a one-pot four-component synthesis of 2 is developed.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Azoles; Pyridines; Pyrroles
PubMed: 11890807
DOI: 10.1021/ja017563a -
Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde Mar 2003
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Diuretics; Expectorants; Veterinary Drugs
PubMed: 12674800
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Apr 2007The bactericidal activity of the endogenous antiseptic N-chlorotaurine (NCT) is significantly enhanced in the presence of ammonium chloride which induces the formation...
The bactericidal activity of the endogenous antiseptic N-chlorotaurine (NCT) is significantly enhanced in the presence of ammonium chloride which induces the formation of monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) whose strong bactericidal activity is well known. In this study the properties of NCT plus ammonium chloride have been investigated. The reaction of active chlorine compounds like chloramine-T (N-chlorotoluene-sulfonamide sodium), chloroisocyanuric acid derivatives, hypochlorites (NaOCl, CaOCl(2)) with ammonium chloride did not stop at the stage of monochloramine, and the pungent smelling by-products di- and trichloramine, NHCl(2) and NCl(3), were also formed. This was not the case with NCT where only monochloramine was generated. The equilibrium constant of the reaction of NCT with ammonium was found to be [Formula: see text] , which allows to estimate the equilibrium concentration of monochloramine in aqueous solutions of NCT and ammonium chloride. At concentrations each ranging between 0.01% and 1.0% it comes to [NH(2)Cl]=3.5-254 ppm. As an unexpected result the monochloramine containing formulation turned out to be most stable in plain water without buffer additives. Quantitative killing assays revealed complete inactivation of 10(6) to 10(7)CFU/mL of seven bacterial strains by 0.1% NCT plus 0.1% ammonium chloride within 5 min, while with plain 0.1% NCT an incubation time of 2-4h was needed to achieve the same effect. The highly significant increase of bactericidal activity (200-300-fold) could be assigned to the presence of monochloramine which could be isolated by vacuum distillation. Aqueous solutions of NCT and ammonium chloride provide a highly effective and well tolerable antiseptic preparation appropriate to a treatment cycle of at least 1 month if stored in the refrigerator.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chloramines; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Taurine; Time Factors; Water
PubMed: 17196346
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.003 -
Journal of Virology Jul 1977Cell fusion induced by syn mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 is inhibited by NH4Cl. The inhibition of fusion is both rapid and rapidly reversible and apprears to be...
Cell fusion induced by syn mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 is inhibited by NH4Cl. The inhibition of fusion is both rapid and rapidly reversible and apprears to be due to the NH4+ ion. Virus production was not significantly altered by NH4Cl, although cell growth was greatly diminished.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Cell Fusion; Mutation; Simplexvirus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 196105
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.23.1.213-215.1977 -
Journal of Oleo Science Sep 2020A novel jellyfish-shaped triazine hexamer quaternary ammonium chloride surfactant (THQC) was synthesized, which consisted of one triazine spacer group and six long...
A novel jellyfish-shaped triazine hexamer quaternary ammonium chloride surfactant (THQC) was synthesized, which consisted of one triazine spacer group and six long flexible hydrophobic chains. The molecular structure and aggregation behavior of THQC was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), surface tension, electrical conductivity, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. The results show that the jellyfish-shaped THQC has better surface activity and lower surface tension than traditional ionic and Gemini surfactants in aqueous solution. There are two inflection points in the curve of conductivity versus concentration of the THQC aqueous solution, which correspond to the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) respectively. The existence of CAC indicates that there is a pre-aggregation process before THQC forms micelles. The results of DLS and TEM show that network pre-aggregation, spherical aggregation and dense spherical aggregation were observed in different concentration of THQC aqueous solution, and the electrostatic equilibrium of the system subtly depends on the concentration of the solution. In addition, intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding is also an important factor. This study provides a method for studying the aggregation behavior and morphology of oligomeric surfactants with rigid spacer groups.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Chemical Phenomena; Dynamic Light Scattering; Electric Conductivity; Hydrogen Bonding; Micelles; Molecular Structure; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Solutions; Surface Tension; Surface-Active Agents; Triazines; Water
PubMed: 32788513
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20016 -
Circulation Jun 1951
Topics: Acidosis; Ammonium Chloride; Humans
PubMed: 14848933
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.3.6.837 -
Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen... 1964
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Poisoning; Toxicology
PubMed: 14234086
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Bacteriology Dec 1965Kim, K. (University of Washington, Seattle), and N. B. Groman. Mode of inhibition of diphtheria toxin by ammonium chloride. J. Bacteriol. 90:1557-1562. 1965.-The...
Kim, K. (University of Washington, Seattle), and N. B. Groman. Mode of inhibition of diphtheria toxin by ammonium chloride. J. Bacteriol. 90:1557-1562. 1965.-The inhibition of diphtheria toxin by ammonium salts was independent of toxin concentration over a 100-fold range of toxin. Inhibition by minimal concentrations of ammonium chloride was abolished by lowering the pH, indicating that free ammonia is the active form of inhibitor. A single addition of ammonium chloride inhibited toxin for a limited period of time, but periodic readdition of the ammonium salt was required to sustain inhibition indefinitely in the absence of antitoxin. Toxin was not destroyed and its adsorption occurred equally well in the presence or absence of ammonium chloride. Preadsorbed toxin was also effectively inhibited by the addition of ammonium chloride. Inhibited toxin remained accessible to antitoxin neutralization. Attempts to reverse ammonia inhibition by the addition of succinate or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were unsuccessful. Attempts to inhibit toxin by interfering with active transport were also unsuccessful.
Topics: Adsorption; Ammonium Chloride; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Culture Techniques; Diphtheria Toxin; HeLa Cells; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 5854584
DOI: 10.1128/jb.90.6.1557-1562.1965 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Feb 1983Ammonium chloride, a lysosomotropic agent that raises intralysosomal pH, reduces the yield of reovirus during infection of mouse L cells. Subsequent removal of ammonium...
Ammonium chloride, a lysosomotropic agent that raises intralysosomal pH, reduces the yield of reovirus during infection of mouse L cells. Subsequent removal of ammonium chloride results in the rapid establishment of a persistent infection.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; L Cells; Lysosomes; Mice; Reoviridae; Reoviridae Infections; Virus Replication
PubMed: 6297010
DOI: 10.1126/science.6297010