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Journal of Neurochemistry Jan 1978
Topics: Action Potentials; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Brain; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Depression, Chemical; Diffusion; Glycolysis; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Microelectrodes; Neuroglia; Neurons; Picrotoxin; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Strychnine
PubMed: 621504
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb07044.x -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Dec 1994Using EPR and EXAFS spectroscopies we show that high concentrations of ammonium cations at alkaline pH are required for (1) inhibition of oxygen evolution: (2) an...
Using EPR and EXAFS spectroscopies we show that high concentrations of ammonium cations at alkaline pH are required for (1) inhibition of oxygen evolution: (2) an alteration of the EPR properties of the oxygen evolving complex: (3) the ability to detect YZ; and (4) the slow reduction of the Mn complex leading to the appearance of EPR detectable Mn2+. The inhibition of S state cycling, slowing of YZ reduction, appearance of Mn2+ and the yield of a Hpp < 10 mT S3 type EPR signal are decreased by calcium addition. This indicates that these effects were probably associated with calcium depletion arising from the high concentration of ammonium cation. The ammonia-induced changes to the S2 multiline EPR signal are not affected by calcium addition. The appearance of Mn2+ is shown to be reversible on illumination, suggesting that the Mn reduced from the native state is located at or near the native site. Simulations of the interaction which give rise to the S3 EPR signal are also presented and discussed. These indicate that lineshape differences occur through small changes in the exchange component of the interaction between the manganese complex and organic radical, probably through minor structural changes between the variously treated samples.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonium Chloride; Oxygen; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Photosystem II Protein Complex
PubMed: 7803449
DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90052-3 -
The Journal of Physiology Aug 1961
Topics: Acidosis; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Swine
PubMed: 13712237
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1961.sp006746 -
Chemosphere Mar 2009The selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process is one of the methods used to reduce NO(x) to N(2) and H(2)O by injecting NH(3) or urea solution into a...
The selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process is one of the methods used to reduce NO(x) to N(2) and H(2)O by injecting NH(3) or urea solution into a high-temperature furnace. Merits of this method include simple handling, low cost, and energy savings. However, a critical problem of the SNCR process is the generation of ammonia slip; in reactions with HCl in flue gas, ammonium chloride is generated and forms detached white plumes near the stack. Using a laboratory-scale experimental apparatus, we examined the possibility of NH(4)Cl collection and removal by a bag filter (BF). The molar NH(3)/HCl ratio of the compound collected at the filter was nearly one, regardless of gas temperature, retention time, and concentration, confirming the formation of NH(4)Cl. The NH(4)Cl generation ratio increased as reaction temperature decreased, indicating that the collection efficiency of NH(4)Cl should increase if the BF is operated at the lowest possible temperature while avoiding the critical point causing low-temperature corrosion (e.g., 150 degrees C). In addition, the use of activated carbon injection in the front of the BF and the dust layer on the BF are expected to capture slipped ammonia at the BF and reduce NH(4)Cl fume generation in the stack.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Incineration; Oxidation-Reduction; Refuse Disposal; Temperature; Time Factors
PubMed: 19108871
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.008 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2024is a prominent cause of foodborne disease in the United States. However, the mechanism and route of pathogen transmission that leads to infection in commercial...
is a prominent cause of foodborne disease in the United States. However, the mechanism and route of pathogen transmission that leads to infection in commercial processing plants are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mixed-species biofilms on survival and persistence under sanitizer stress [Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs)] by analyzing 78 floor drain samples from a meat processing facility and three . strains (serovars Cerro, Montevideo, and Typhimurium) isolated from that facility and an unrelated source. The four test groups were as follows: control, QAC treatment, addition, and QAC treatment with addition. DNAs were extracted, and 16S rRNA gene based on the variable region V4 amplicon sequencing was performed to analyze the relative abundance, core microbiome, and Alpha and Beta diversity using the qiime2 pipeline. At the genus level, the (45.56%), (38.94%), (6.18%), (4.68%), (3.14%), and (0.82%) were shown to be the most prevalent in all drain samples. The results demonstrate that the relative abundance of different bacterial genera was affected by both QAC treatment and addition, with some genera showing increases or decreases in abundance. Notably, the correlation network was constructed to understand the relationships between the different bacteria. had the greatest number of connections in the floor drain environment network, with two negative and eight positive correlations. The results suggest that in the mixed-species biofilm community may play a role in converting ammonium in the QAC sanitizer into nitrites. Thus, could be a potentially important genus in providing sanitizer resistance to pathogen-encompassed mixed-species biofilms.IMPORTANCE contamination in meat processing facilities can lead to foodborne illness outbreaks. Our study characterized the microbiome dynamics in beef facility drains and their response to addition and common sanitizer (QAC). could be an important genus in providing sanitizer resistance to pathogen-encompassed mixed-species biofilms. The results provide insight into the impact of mixed-species biofilms on survival and persistence under sanitizer stress in meat processing facilities. highlight the need to consider mixed-species biofilm effects when developing targeted interventions to enhance food safety.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Ammonium Chloride; Sanitation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salmonella; Salmonella enterica; Biofilms
PubMed: 38226804
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02346-23 -
Journal of Applied Physiology Sep 1953
Topics: Acidosis; Ammonium Chloride; Breath Holding; Cell Respiration; Humans; Respiration
PubMed: 13096452
DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1953.6.3.151 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 1950
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Eye; Tetraethylammonium
PubMed: 14771252
DOI: No ID Found -
The Veterinary Record Sep 1995
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Birds; Emetics; Middle East
PubMed: 7502466
DOI: 10.1136/vr.137.11.269 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Jul 1983A discontinuous gradient of Percoll was used to remove RBCs from polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) preparations. The resulting red blood cell-free preparation was used...
A discontinuous gradient of Percoll was used to remove RBCs from polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) preparations. The resulting red blood cell-free preparation was used to investigate the effect of ammonium chloride on the iodination response of human PMN. Treatment of PMN with ammonium chloride for five minutes at room temperature resulted in a statistically significant increase in the iodination response of both resting and stimulated PMN.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Cell Separation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Humans; Iodine; Neutrophils
PubMed: 6863573
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.36.7.808 -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 1953
Topics: Alkalosis; Ammonium Chloride; Child; Humans; Infant; Infusions, Intravenous
PubMed: 13098085
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(53)90468-1