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Neurology May 1953
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Ammonium Chloride; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans
PubMed: 13054864
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.3.5.336 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Feb 2016Two solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) systems of carboxymethyl cellulose doped ammonium chloride (CMC-AC) and propylene carbonate plasticized (CMC-AC-PC) were...
Two solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) systems of carboxymethyl cellulose doped ammonium chloride (CMC-AC) and propylene carbonate plasticized (CMC-AC-PC) were prepared via solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity of SBEs were analyzed using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the frequency range of 50 Hz-1 MHz at ambient temperature (303K). The highest ionic conductivity of CMC-AC SBE is 1.43 × 10(-3)S/cm for 16 wt.% of AC while the highest conductivity of plasticized SBE system is 1.01 × 10(-2)S/cm when added with 8 wt.% of PC. TGA/DSC showed that the addition of PC had increased the decomposition temperature compared of CMC-AC SBE. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the occurrence of complexation between the SBE components and it is proved successfully executed by Gaussian software. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that amorphous nature of SBEs. It is believed that the PC is one of the most promising plasticizer to enhance the ionic conductivity and performance for SBE system.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Biopolymers; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Electrolytes; Propane
PubMed: 26686147
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.092 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Sep 1972The kinetics of the induction of rat kidney phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity after triamcinolone and ammonium chloride administration have been investigated...
The kinetics of the induction of rat kidney phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity after triamcinolone and ammonium chloride administration have been investigated with a view to the further differentiation of the two processes. The half-life of kidney phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, as measured from the decay curve after a single doses of triamcinolone, is approximately 1.4 hr. This compares with a half-life for the enzyme from acidotic kidney of approximately 3.4 hr. Analysis of the data indicates that the induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity by triamcinolone may be attributed to an increase in de novo protein synthesis. Induction by acidosis is qualitatively distinct and is partly attributed to a reduction in the rate of decay of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. The activities of the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in both liver and kidney have been measured in animals separately treated with triamcinolone and ammonium chloride. Triamcinolone significantly increases the activities of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, kidney glucose-6-phosphatase, and kidney phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase only; ammonium chloride stimulates a 200% increase in kidney phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, but has no effect on the other enzymes. The induction processes whereby triamcinolone increases phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities in liver and kidney differ quantitatively.
Topics: Acidosis; Adrenalectomy; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Carboxy-Lyases; Enzyme Induction; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney; Kidney Cortex; Liver; Male; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP); Rats; Time Factors; Triamcinolone Acetonide
PubMed: 4344728
DOI: 10.1172/JCI107038 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Apr 2021The mechanism for protein stabilization or destabilization has long been an open quest. In the present study, we have studied the interactions between amino acids and...
The mechanism for protein stabilization or destabilization has long been an open quest. In the present study, we have studied the interactions between amino acids and guanidinium (Gdm)/ammonium (NH) ions by using low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), where Gdm and NH are denaturant and stabilizer for proteins, respectively. It shows that Gdm favors to bind to the thiol group or the hydroxyl group on the side chain but weakly interacts with the α-carboxyl group. In contrast, NH prefers to bind to the α-carboxyl group but slightly interacts with the thiol group or the hydroxyl group on the side chain of amino acids. HNMR reveals the hydrogen bonding between NH and the α-carboxyl group, which is not involved in the interactions between Gdm and cysteine. Our study demonstrates that the strong interactions between the denaturant and the sulfur atom or the disulfide bond promote the direct binding of the denaturant toward proteins, leading to the destabilization.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonium Chloride; Cations; Guanidine; Hydrogen; Protein Stability; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Solutions
PubMed: 33631673
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.017 -
Journal of the American Medical... Jun 1956
Topics: Acidosis; Ammonium Chloride; Heart Failure; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Cirrhosis
PubMed: 13318927
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1956.02970050012003 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Aug 2016The molecular mechanism of the graft reaction of 2,3-epoxypropyl-trimethyl quaternary ammonium chloride with chitosan monomer was investigated by performing density...
The molecular mechanism of the graft reaction of 2,3-epoxypropyl-trimethyl quaternary ammonium chloride with chitosan monomer was investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculated results show that the -NH2 group of chitosan monomer is more reactive than its -OH and -CH2OH groups, and the graft reaction on the -NH2 group is calculated to be exothermic by 20.5kcal/mol with a free energy barrier of 42.6kcal/mol. The reaction cannot benefit from the presence of the intruded water molecule, but can be considerably assisted by 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) ionic liquid. The reaction catalyzed by the ion-pair is calculated to be exothermic by 36.5kcal/mol and the barrier is reduced to 29.3kcal/mol, which are further corrected to 28.0 and 29.1kcal/mol by considering the solvent effect of [Amim]Cl ionic liquid. Calculated results verified the experimental finding that imidazolium-based ionic liquids can promote the reaction of chitosan with epoxy compounds.
Topics: Allyl Compounds; Ammonium Chloride; Chitosan; Imidazoles; Ionic Liquids; Models, Chemical
PubMed: 27112849
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.032 -
The Journal of Pediatrics May 1995We compared the ability of peritoneal dialysis, hemofiltration, and continuous hemodiafiltration to remove infused ammonium chloride. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Use of peritoneal dialysis, continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration, and continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration for removal of ammonium chloride and glutamine in rabbits.
OBJECTIVE
We compared the ability of peritoneal dialysis, hemofiltration, and continuous hemodiafiltration to remove infused ammonium chloride.
STUDY DESIGN
Anesthetized adult rabbits received an intravenous infusion of ammonium chloride. Two methods of removal of ammonium chloride were performed in each animal and compared. In group 1 (n = 6), peritoneal dialysis (dialysate = 75 ml.kg-1) and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) with a polysulfone 800 cm2 hemofilter (Minifilter Plus; Amicon Division, W. R. Grace & Co., Danvers, Mass.) were simultaneously performed for 40 minutes. In group 2 (n = 6), peritoneal dialysis and continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration (CAVHD) (dialysate flow = 1000 ml.hr-1) were simultaneous performed for 40 minutes. In group 3 (n = 6), CAVH and CAVHD were performed successively in random order for 30 minutes each.
RESULTS
Animals had high and stable ammonium chloride and glutamine plasma levels during the experimental procedure. No significant difference in ammonium chloride clearance was observed between PD and CAVH (group 1). In comparison with PD or CAVH, CAVHD resulted in significantly higher clearances of ammonium chloride (40% +/- 10% vs 96% +/- 34%, respectively) and of glutamine (195% +/- 17% vs 77% +/- 25%, respectively).
CONCLUSION
The overall results indicate that CAVHD should be considered for hyperammonemia when peritoneal dialysis is indicated but unfeasible or inefficient.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Gas Analysis; Glutamine; Hematocrit; Hemodiafiltration; Hemodynamics; Hemofiltration; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Oxygen Consumption; Peritoneal Dialysis; Rabbits; Time Factors
PubMed: 7751998
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(95)70402-7 -
Journal of Chromatography Mar 1992The lipophilicity (RM value) of seventeen monoamine oxidase inhibitory drugs was determined by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography, and the effect of salt...
The lipophilicity (RM value) of seventeen monoamine oxidase inhibitory drugs was determined by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography, and the effect of salt concentration on the reversed-phase retention was studied by adding ammonium chloride to the eluent. Each drug exhibited regular retention behaviour, its RM value linearly decreasing with increasing concentration of methanol in the eluent. Ammonium chloride decreased the retention: the effect was higher at lower salt concentrations, which indicates that the phenomenon is of saturation character. The influence of ammonium chloride depended on the concentration of methanol (on the dielectric constant of the eluent) suggesting that methanol suppresses the dissociation of ammonium chloride resulting in a modified salting-in effect.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Lipid Metabolism; Methanol; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
PubMed: 1517301
DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80503-i -
Quarterly Journal of Experimental... Apr 1980Using the 133Xe clearance method it is shown that NH4Cl infusion into the anterior mesenteric vein decreased capillary blood flow in the liver. Phentolamine completely...
Using the 133Xe clearance method it is shown that NH4Cl infusion into the anterior mesenteric vein decreased capillary blood flow in the liver. Phentolamine completely and propranolol partially prevented the depressive action of NH4Cl on hepatic blood flow. NH5Cl infused into the jugular vein provoked a slight increase in the hepatic blood flow. The adrenaline-like action of ammonium ion on the blood circulation in the liver region is discussed.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Capillaries; Depression, Chemical; Liver; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Regional Blood Flow; Sheep
PubMed: 6902965
DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1980.sp002503 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Oct 1956
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Body Fluids; Cattle; Urine
PubMed: 13366829
DOI: No ID Found