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Anaerobe Oct 2021This was a multicenter, retrospective study of patients with anaerobic bacteremia comparing metronidazole 500 mg every 8 h versus 500 mg every 12 h. Of 782 patients...
This was a multicenter, retrospective study of patients with anaerobic bacteremia comparing metronidazole 500 mg every 8 h versus 500 mg every 12 h. Of 782 patients reviewed, 85 met inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in mortality, length of stay, or escalation of therapy between dosing strategies.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33965559
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102378 -
Anaerobe Apr 2021
Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Humans; Microbiota
PubMed: 33975719
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102362 -
Anaerobe Aug 2011Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has gained more and more popularity for the identification of bacteria....
Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has gained more and more popularity for the identification of bacteria. Several studies show that bacterial diagnosticis is being revolutionized by the application of MALDI-TOF MS. For anaerobic bacteria, MALDI-TOF MS has been used for the identification of Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp. and Gram-positive anaerobic cocci. However, to identify bacteria reliably, an extensive database is essential. For routine identification of anaerobic bacteria available databases need to be optimised.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Databases, Factual; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 21515395
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.03.026 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2011Through time, anaerobic bacteria have shown good susceptibility to clinically useful antianaerobic agents. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial resistance profile of most of...
[First Argentine consensus guidelines for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinically relevant anaerobic bacteria in humans/ Anaerobic Subcommittee of the Asociación Argentina de Microbiología].
Through time, anaerobic bacteria have shown good susceptibility to clinically useful antianaerobic agents. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial resistance profile of most of the anaerobic species related to severe infections in humans has been modified in the last years and different kinds of resistance to the most active agents have emerged, making their effectiveness less predictable. With the aim of finding an answer and for the purpose of facilitating the detection of anaerobic antimicrobial resistance, the Anaerobic Subcommittee of the Asociación Argentina de Microbiología developed the First Argentine consensus guidelines for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinically relevant anaerobic bacteria in humans. This document resulted from the compatibilization of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations, the international literature and the work and experience of the Subcommittee. The Consensus document provides a brief taxonomy review, and exposes why and when anaerobic antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be conducted, and which antimicrobial agents can be used according to the species involved. The recommendations on how to perform, read and interpret in vitro anaerobic antimicrobial susceptibility tests with each method are exposed. Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility profile, the classification of antibiotics according to their in vitro activities, the natural and acquired mechanisms of resistance, the emerging resistance and the regional antibiotic resistance profile of clinically relevant anaerobic species are shown.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 21491069
DOI: 10.1590/S0325-75412011000100012 -
Microbial Ecology Nov 2017Anaerobic diesel fuel Arctic (DFA) degradation has already been demonstrated in Antarctic soils. However, studies comparing the distribution of anaerobic bacterial...
Anaerobic diesel fuel Arctic (DFA) degradation has already been demonstrated in Antarctic soils. However, studies comparing the distribution of anaerobic bacterial groups and of anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in Antarctic soils containing different concentrations of DFA are scarce. In this study, functional genes were used to study the diversity and distribution of anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (bamA, assA, and bssA) and of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB-apsR) in highly, intermediate, and non-DFA-contaminated soils collected during the summers of 2009, 2010, and 2011 from King George Island, Antarctica. Signatures of bamA genes were detected in all soils analyzed, whereas bssA and assA were found in only 4 of 10 soils. The concentration of DFA was the main factor influencing the distribution of bamA-containing bacteria and of SRB in the analyzed soils, as shown by PCR-DGGE results. bamA sequences related to genes previously described in Desulfuromonas, Lautropia, Magnetospirillum, Sulfuritalea, Rhodovolum, Rhodomicrobium, Azoarcus, Geobacter, Ramlibacter, and Gemmatimonas genera were dominant in King George Island soils. Although DFA modulated the distribution of bamA-hosting bacteria, DFA concentration was not related to bamA abundance in the soils studied here. This result suggests that King George Island soils show functional redundancy for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. The results obtained in this study support the hypothesis that specialized anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria have been selected by hydrocarbon concentrations present in King George Island soils.
Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biodegradation, Environmental; Gasoline; Hydrocarbons; Islands; Microbiota; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 28484799
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0973-3 -
Future Microbiology 2014Anaerobic bacteria predominate in the normal flora of humans and are important, often life-threatening pathogens in mixed infections originating from the indigenous... (Review)
Review
Anaerobic bacteria predominate in the normal flora of humans and are important, often life-threatening pathogens in mixed infections originating from the indigenous microbiota. The isolation and identification of anaerobes by phenotypic and DNA-based molecular methods at a species level is time-consuming and laborious. Following the successful adaptation of the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the routine laboratory identification of bacteria, the extensive development of a database has been initiated to use this method for the identification of anaerobic bacteria. Not only frequently isolated anaerobic species, but also newly recognized and taxonomically rearranged genera and species can be identified using direct smear samples or whole-cell protein extraction, and even phylogenetically closely related species can be identified correctly by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Typing of anaerobic bacteria on a subspecies level, determination of antibiotic resistance and direct identification of blood culture isolates will revolutionize anaerobe bacteriology in the near future.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Humans; Microbiota; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 24571074
DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.150 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Jul 2013Among the Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria associated with clinical infections, the Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are the most prominent and account for... (Review)
Review
Among the Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria associated with clinical infections, the Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are the most prominent and account for approximately 25-30% of all isolated anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens. Still, routine culture and identification of these slowly growing anaerobes to the species level has been limited in the diagnostic laboratory, mainly due to the requirement of prolonged incubation times and time-consuming phenotypic identification. In addition, GPAC are mostly isolated from polymicrobial infections with known pathogens and therefore their relevance has often been overlooked. However, through improvements in diagnostic and in particular molecular techniques, the isolation and identification of individual genera and species of GPAC associated with specific infections have been enhanced. Furthermore, the taxonomy of GPAC has undergone considerable changes over the years, mainly due to the development of molecular identification methods. Existing species have been renamed and novel species have been added, resulting in changes of the nomenclature. As the abundance and significance of GPAC in clinical infections grow, knowledge of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns of different species becomes more important. The present review describes recent advances of GPAC and what is known of the biology and pathogenic effects of Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Parvimonas, Peptoniphilus and Peptostreptococcus, the most important GPAC genera isolated from human infections.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans
PubMed: 23030831
DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12005 -
International Journal of Oral and... Jun 1986The present study was initiated to determine the bacteriology of 40 orofacial abscesses of dental origin in patients who had taken antibiotics for several days. Bacteria...
The present study was initiated to determine the bacteriology of 40 orofacial abscesses of dental origin in patients who had taken antibiotics for several days. Bacteria were isolated from all but 2 specimens. Aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 21 cases, obligate anaerobic bacteria in 17 cases, whereas in 11 cases, polymicrobial growth was revealed. The average number of bacterial species was 2.1 per specimen. Gram positive aerobic micro-organisms predominated, namely, Staphylococcus epidermidis followed by Streptococci (group A) and Staphylococcus aureus. Among obligate anaerobes, Gram positive micro-organisms, peptostreptococci and peptococci were more often isolated, in the following decreasing order: Ps. productus, Ps. intermedius, Ps. parvulus, Ps. anaerobius, Pc. constellatus, Pc. prevotii. Gram negative anaerobic rods were detected in a small number of cases, namely B. corrodens, B. fragilis, B. melaninogenicus, B. ochraceus, B. oralis. Quantitative determination did not show any meaningful difference between aerobic and anaerobic isolates. Susceptibility tests against a series of antibiotics showed that ampicillin was the most active in aerobes and cefoxitin in anaerobes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Child; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptococcus; Peptostreptococcus; Periapical Abscess
PubMed: 3088157
DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9785(86)80087-4 -
Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1986Anaerobic bacteria are involved in a wide variety of human infections. In recent years there have been major refinements in technical materials used for transporting... (Review)
Review
Anaerobic bacteria are involved in a wide variety of human infections. In recent years there have been major refinements in technical materials used for transporting specimens, growing and identifying anaerobic bacteria and performing antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Because of the major importance of anaerobic bacteria and their changing susceptibility patterns, it has become increasingly important to identify these organisms and, in certain situations, to determine susceptibilities. The commercial availability of prereduced, anaerobically sterilized systems for identification has been helpful. However, the recent development of rapid identification systems based on tests for preformed enzymes has been a major advance. Finally, the commercial availability of broth microdilution susceptibility systems makes routine testing feasible. Guidelines for using these procedures are presented.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteriological Techniques; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 3538321
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/8.5.809 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... May 2003To investigate respiratory tract colonization by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate respiratory tract colonization by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients.
METHODS
Bacterial colonization of the stomach and the respiratory tract was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed over time in 41 consecutive mechanically ventilated patients in a Swedish intensive care unit (ICU), with special emphasis on elucidation of the role of anaerobic bacteria in the lower respiratory tract. Samples were taken from the oropharynx, gastric juice, subglottic space and trachea within 24 h (median 14 h) of intubation, and then every third day until day 18 and every fifth day until day 33.
RESULTS
The patients were often heavily colonized with microorganisms not considered to belong to a healthy normal oropharyngeal and gastric flora on admission to the ICU. A majority harbored enterococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Candida spp. in at least one site on day 1. Anaerobic bacteria, mainly peptostreptococci and Prevotella spp., were isolated from subglottic and/or tracheal secretions in 59% of the patients. Different routes of tracheal colonization for different groups of microorganisms were found. Primary or concomitant colonization of the oropharynx with staphylococci, enterococci, enterobacteria and Candida was often seen, while Pseudomonas spp., other non-fermenting Gram-negative rods and several anaerobic species often primarily colonized the trachea, indicating exogenous or direct gastrointestinal routes of colonization.
CONCLUSIONS
Mechanically ventilated patients were heavily colonized in their lower airways by potential pathogenic microorganisms, including a high load of anaerobic bacteria. Different routes of colonization were shown for different species.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Hospitalization; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Intubation, Intratracheal; Oropharynx; Respiratory System; Stomach; Time Factors
PubMed: 12848752
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00551.x