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Neuropathology : Official Journal of... Jun 2014Supratentorial cortical ependymoma (CE), a rare type of ependymoma, is located in the superficial cortex. We reported 11 patients (six female and five male) with CE. The... (Review)
Review
Supratentorial cortical ependymoma (CE), a rare type of ependymoma, is located in the superficial cortex. We reported 11 patients (six female and five male) with CE. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 63 years old with a median age of 47 years at the time of diagnosis. On MRI, enhancement was noted in all cases with solid appearance in six cases, and solid and cystic appearance in five cases. The frontal and parietal regions were the most common locations for CE. On histology, two were low-grade (WHO grade II) and nine were WHO grade III anaplastic ependymomas. Some tumors exhibited clear cell, spindle (tanycytic) and giant cell morphologies, as well as the classic ependymoma morphology. Dura-based tumor nodules and even tumor dissemination along the dura can be seen in CEs. Low grade CEs have a higher likelihood to present with seizures, a lower likelihood to cause brain edema, tumor recurrence and lower mortality than anaplastic ependymomas. While difficult, anaplastic CEs may be distinguished from glioblastoma by a clear interface between tumor and adjacent brain tissue, relative uniformity of tumor cell nuclei and immunopositivity for epithelial membrane antigen and/or CD99. As is the case for ependymomas in general, gross total resection is still the treatment of choice for CEs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Child, Preschool; Ependymoma; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Supratentorial Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 24354554
DOI: 10.1111/neup.12087 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Mar 2019
Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Ependymoma; Female
PubMed: 30835170
DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.6.685 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2021
Topics: Adult; Ependymoma; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Microscopy, Electron; Spine
PubMed: 34341281
DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_703_20 -
BMJ Case Reports Mar 2014A young child presented to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital with on and off headache, focal seizures involving the left side of the body, weakness of...
A young child presented to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital with on and off headache, focal seizures involving the left side of the body, weakness of left upper and lower limbs and vomiting for 2 weeks. Examination showed an alert child with grade 4/5 powers in left upper and lower limbs. Blood investigations were normal. An urgent CT of the brain showed intra-axial mass in the right frontal cerebral cortex, superolateral to the right lateral ventricle. MRI of the brain showed supratentorial extraventricular mass of 5.20 × 3.70 × 3.80 cm, in the right frontal cortex, emitting heterogeneous signals on T1, T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences and impression of astrocytoma, ependymoma or choroid plexus papilloma was made. Complete surgical resection of mass was performed. Histopathology of the mass proved it as WHO grade III anaplastic ependymoma. The child made an uneventful postoperative recovery and radiotherapy was followed.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Ependymoma; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Supratentorial Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 24623545
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-203750 -
Laboratory Animal Science Apr 1979
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms; Ependymoma; Male; Rabbits
PubMed: 459425
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Jul 2019EPNs comprise a heterogeneous group of neuroepithelial tumors, accounting for about 10% of all intracranial tumors in children and up to 30% of brain tumors in those...
EPNs comprise a heterogeneous group of neuroepithelial tumors, accounting for about 10% of all intracranial tumors in children and up to 30% of brain tumors in those younger than 3 years. Actually, the pattern therapy for low-grade EPNs includes complete surgical resection followed by radiation therapy. Total surgical excision is often not possible due to tumor location. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the anti-tumor activity of Amblyomin-X in 4 primary cultures derived from pediatric anaplastic posterior fossa EPN, Group A (anaplastic, WHO grade III) and one primary culture of a high grade neuroepithelial tumor with MN1 alteration, which was initially misdiagnosed as EPN: i) by in vitro assays: comparisons of temozolomide and cisplatin; ii) by intracranial xenograft model. Amblyomin-X was able to induce cell death in EPN cells in a more significant percentage compared to cisplatin. The cytotoxic effects of Amblyomin-X were not detected on hFSCs used as control, as opposed to cisplatin-treatment, which promoted a substantial effect in the hAFSCs viability. TEM analysis showed ultrastructural alterations related to the process of cell death: mitochondrial degeneration, autophagosomes and aggregate-like structures. MRI and histopathological analyzes demonstrated significant tumor mass regression. Our results suggest that Amblyomin-X has a selective effect on tumor cells by inducing apoptotic cell death and may be a therapeutic option for Group AEPNs.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Arthropod Proteins; Child; Child, Preschool; Ependymoma; Female; Fetal Stem Cells; Humans; Male; Rats, Wistar; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 31292491
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45799-4 -
World Neurosurgery Jun 2016Ependymomas are usually located in the ventricular system or in the central canal of the spinal cord; intracranial extra-axial ependymomas (IEAEs) are rare. To date,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ependymomas are usually located in the ventricular system or in the central canal of the spinal cord; intracranial extra-axial ependymomas (IEAEs) are rare. To date, only 17 cases of IEAEs have been reported.
CASE DESCRIPTION
We report 2 cases with 3 IEAEs (anaplastic) that were initially misdiagnosed. In Case 1 (47-year-old male), the para-falcine lesion was initially refractory to radiosurgery and gross total resection (GTR) was required due to relentless growth. The lesion had adhered to the falx and was well demarcated from the surrounding cortex. It was then correctly diagnosed as an anaplastic ependymoma on the basis of histopathology, and the patient received radiotherapy. No recurrence was observed after the 53-month follow-up. In Case 2 (30-year-old male), 2 IEAEs underwent staged surgeries and were identified as extra-axial lesions without connection to the ventricular system. Near total resection (NTR) and GTR were achieved in the right temporal and right occipital lesions, respectively, but the patient declined radiotherapy. The residual tumor after NTR regrew rapidly, and aggressive resection was performed followed by radiotherapy. No further recurrence was observed after 28 months. The previous 17 cases were male predominant (76.5%) without correct preoperative diagnoses; no recurrence was observed after total resection in the 9 patients reported in the literature.
CONCLUSIONS
IEAEs are rare and have a wide spectrum of clinical and radiological phenotypes. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Favorable outcomes for IEAEs can be achieved by GTR plus radiotherapy. Multiple IEAEs benefit from tailored staged surgical resection plus radiotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Ependymoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosurgical Procedures; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26947725
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.095 -
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... Oct 2012Ependymoma usually occurs in the lateral or the fourth ventricle. Supratentorial extraventricular ependymoma is relatively rare. However, extraventricular ependymoma...
Ependymoma usually occurs in the lateral or the fourth ventricle. Supratentorial extraventricular ependymoma is relatively rare. However, extraventricular ependymoma located at the cerebral cortex is extremely rare. We treated a 20-year-old woman who presented with generalized seizures. Cranial CT scan revealed a calcified mass in the left precentral gyrus. MRI confirmed an extraventricular, 12-mm-diameter intracortical mass. After gadolinium injection, tumor enhancement was mild and heterogeneous. The tumor was totally resected without neurological deterioration. Histological features were consistent with ependymoma, forming perivascular pseudorosettes without anaplastic figures. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100, and epithelial membrane antigen. A diagnosis of ependymoma of World Health Organization grade II was made. The patient has not had a seizure since the operation. There has been no clinical or radiologic evidence of recurrence during a 16-month postoperative follow-up.
Topics: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Brain Neoplasms; Craniotomy; Ependymoma; Female; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nerve Growth Factors; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; S100 Proteins; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vimentin; Young Adult
PubMed: 22898199
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.09.039 -
Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 1999The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the role of stereotactic radiosurgery using the Gamma Knife as an adjuvant to other modalities used in the...
OBJECT
The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the role of stereotactic radiosurgery using the Gamma Knife as an adjuvant to other modalities used in the treatment of malignant ependymomas of both children and adults and to assess its efficacy in terms of tumor control and overall survival.
METHOD
Between 1987 and 1998, 22 patients in the age range of 1.5-65 years (mean age 22. 3) with progressive anaplastic ependymoma were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery using the 201 source Co-60 Leksell Gamma Knife at the University of Pittsburgh. The irradiated tumor volume varied from 0.84 to 36.8 cm(3) (mean 13.7). The median dose delivered to the tumor margin was 16.1 Gy (range 10-20), and the mean maximal dose was 32.2 Gy (range 20-40). The disease-free survival, the tumor control rate and the overall survival were recorded to evaluate the efficacy of radiosurgery. The median follow-up from radiosurgery was 21 months (range 4-84).
RESULTS
Median survival after radiosurgery was 2.2 years (46.6 +/- 12.1% 5-year actuarial). Median survival from the initial diagnosis was 10. 1 years (50.3 +/- 12.5% at 5 years, 37.7 +/- 14.4% at 10 years). Reduction or stabilization of the treated tumor was seen in 16 out of 22 (68%) patients. Forty-one percent of the patients eventually developed delayed distant cerebral recurrence outside the treated volume. The 5-year actuarial rates for local control and cranial control at any location were 62.3 +/- 13.6% and 32.4 +/- 10.8%, respectively. No complication occurred as a side effect of radiosurgery.
CONCLUSION
For patients with locally recurrent or progressive anaplastic ependymomas, Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery proved to be safe and effective as a salvage adjuvant therapy to achieve local tumor control and improve survival.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Brain Edema; Child; Child, Preschool; Ependymoma; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Postoperative Complications; Radiosurgery; Stereotaxic Techniques; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 10853093
DOI: 10.1159/000029746 -
Brain Tumor Pathology Jan 2018
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ependymoma; Gene Fusion; Humans; Infant; Male; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1; Transcription Factor RelA
PubMed: 29063976
DOI: 10.1007/s10014-017-0301-0