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Cureus Jan 2019James Douglas (1675-1742) is considered one of the most important anatomists of the eighteenth century; he introduced meticulous and scientific methods for... (Review)
Review
James Douglas (1675-1742) is considered one of the most important anatomists of the eighteenth century; he introduced meticulous and scientific methods for studying human anatomy. He is known for the "pouch of Douglas," but his contribution is much more important. He deepened our knowledge of the anatomy of the peritoneum, located new muscles, and evolved the already recorded knowledge in a way that it could be implemented in surgery. Furthermore, he was such a famous obstetrician that even the Pope of his era admired him for his charisma.
PubMed: 30931190
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3919 -
Advances in Physiology Education Sep 2023In the field of anatomy education, the debate over the superiority of learning with or without human donors is decades long and ongoing. Arguments for or against the use... (Review)
Review
In the field of anatomy education, the debate over the superiority of learning with or without human donors is decades long and ongoing. Arguments for or against the use of human donors in anatomy education vary, depending on the healthcare discipline. Physical therapy programs have been particularly resistant to the trend away from the use of human donors. In this personal view, I present my history of anatomy education and how my perspectives on teaching and learning anatomy have changed dramatically throughout my teaching experiences. The purpose of this article is to support instructors who are creating anatomy courses for all healthcare trainees without donors, inspire those teaching with donors to incorporate other methods of instruction and evaluation, challenge educators to examine their own biases surrounding anatomy education, and provide recommendations for developing an anatomy course without human donors. Included in this article is the perspective of a practicing physical therapist who learned through human dissection and has assisted me in the development and management of the human anatomy course in our physical therapy curriculum. This article provides an overview of how to design an anatomy course without anatomical donors for doctor of physical therapy students and includes recommendations for instructors who need to reduce or eliminate anatomical donors from their anatomy curriculum.
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Anatomy; Cadaver; Curriculum; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Status; Learning; Students, Medical; Teaching
PubMed: 37141435
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00004.2023 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Jan 2021
Topics: Anatomists; Humans; Italy; Medical Illustration
PubMed: 30834964
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04107-1 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2019Born on April 15, 1452, in a modest family in a hamlet from Tuscany, Leonardo da Vinci became the unassailable icon of Renaissance. Pushed throughout his entire life by... (Review)
Review
Born on April 15, 1452, in a modest family in a hamlet from Tuscany, Leonardo da Vinci became the unassailable icon of Renaissance. Pushed throughout his entire life by his relentless curiosity, he was a painter, draughtsman, sculptor, poet, musician, writer, engineer, stage designer, architect, physicist, astronomer, cartographer and anatomist. His earliest surviving anatomical drawings (ca. 1485-1493) include studies of the skull, meninges, brain and cerebral ventricles. He was the first to pith a frog, concluding that piercing the spinal medulla will result in immediate death - a completely unexpected result in that era. In an effort to better understand the origins of the sensory and motor functions of the brain - which at the time was believed to be in the ventricles - he developed a method of injecting hot wax into the ventricles of an ox. He was the first to correctly describe the four ventricles of the brain. Thus, he circumvented a 16 century-long flaw in the dissection technique, which did not allow the correct study of the shape of the ventricles - decapitation and drainage of fluids before study. Even though he was never formally educated in the study of medicine, his work continues to inspire us today, 500 years after his death.
Topics: Anatomists; Animals; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; Humans
PubMed: 32239124
DOI: No ID Found -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; Anatomy; Anatomists
PubMed: 38240788
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06284-0 -
BioMed Research International 2017Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is the most common term for compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. The development... (Review)
Review
Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is the most common term for compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. The development of NCS is associated with the formation of the left renal vein (LRV) from the aortic collar during the sixth to eighth week of gestation and abnormal angulation of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta. Collateralization of venous circulation is the most significant effect of NCS. It includes mainly the left gonadal vein and the communicating lumbar vein. Undiagnosed NCS may affect retroperitoneal surgery and other radiological and vascular procedures. The clinical symptoms of NCS may generally be described as renal presentation when symptoms like haematuria, left flank pain, and proteinuria occur, but urologic presentation is also possible. Radiological methods of confirming NCS include Doppler ultrasonography as a primary test, retrograde venography, which can measure the renocaval pressure gradient, computed tomography angiography, which is faster and less traumatic, intravascular ultrasound, and magnetic resonance angiography. Treatment can be conservative or surgical, depending on the severity of symptoms and degree of LRV occlusion. Nutcracker syndrome is worth considering especially in differential diagnosis of haematuria of unknown origin.
Topics: Anatomists; Aorta, Abdominal; Humans; Renal Nutcracker Syndrome; Renal Veins
PubMed: 29376066
DOI: 10.1155/2017/1746570 -
Cureus Oct 2018Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov is considered one of the most important anatomists and surgeons in the history of medicine. The Russian physician conducted more than 11,000... (Review)
Review
Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov is considered one of the most important anatomists and surgeons in the history of medicine. The Russian physician conducted more than 11,000 dissections and meticulously studied human anatomy, discovering important anatomical regions such as Pirogov's triangle. Pirogov developed surgical methods and techniques used by physicians for many decades such as Pirogov's amputation. Pirogov is also known for his contribution to war medicine, given his experience practicing medicine in the Crimean War as a surgeon, where he introduced innovative methods for the treatment of injured soldiers. Pirogov's most important contribution to the scientific community is his humanistic and democratic mentality-which he maintained until the end of his life-elements necessary for the evolution of every modern physician and scientist.
PubMed: 30546975
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3424 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Italy; Anatomy
PubMed: 36287257
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05710-5 -
Trends in Immunology Apr 2004
Review
Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Division; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune System; Lymph Nodes; Models, Biological; Spleen; Stromal Cells; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Gland
PubMed: 15039048
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2004.02.008 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Dec 2019Iulius Casserius is to be remembered for his excellent contributions in Anatomy and especially in Neuroanatomy. His persistent and meticulous scientific anatomical work...
Iulius Casserius is to be remembered for his excellent contributions in Anatomy and especially in Neuroanatomy. His persistent and meticulous scientific anatomical work resulted in the first record of the arterial circle of the brain 37 years before the comprehensive description by Thomas Willis. Casserius' great interest in the human brain led him to the discovery of plenty anatomical structures before their official documentation. Casserius was an excellent teacher and anatomist of a humble origin, who managed to be distinguished among other famous physicians of his era.
Topics: Anatomists; History, 15th Century; History, Medieval; Humans; Neuroanatomy
PubMed: 30850866
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04104-4