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Bratislavske Lekarske Listy 2020Vaclav Trnka from Křovice (1739-1791, in Latin: Wenzel Trnka Krzowitz) was a remarkable physician whose life serves as an example in the history of medicine by...
Vaclav Trnka from Křovice (1739-1791, in Latin: Wenzel Trnka Krzowitz) was a remarkable physician whose life serves as an example in the history of medicine by connecting major capital cities of Central Europe. In view of current geographical layout, he was born and brought up in the Czech Republic, graduated from University of Vienna in Austria, and was appointed Professor of the Anatomy at the newly established Faculty of Medicine of University of Nagyszombat, presently Trnava in Slovak Republic. When the University moved to Buda and later to Pest (today Budapest, Hungary), he was the first educator to introduce anatomy as a medical subject to be taught in a Hungarian medical school. He also was elected the Dean of Faculty of Medicine three times and in 1786-1787 he acted as Rector of then the Royal University of Pest. During his life, he published twenty-seven monographs dealing with different areas of clinical medicine, such as malaria (intermittent fever), diabetes, and rickets. Based on these monographs we can proclaim that Václav Trnka was a co-founder of modern infectology, diabetology and ophthalmology in Central Europe. Nowadays, artificial intelligence and bioinformatics are inseparable parts of modern health care system which help the transformation of big data into valuable knowledge. In the 18th century, Professor Trnka owned more than 3,000 scientific books and had natural, innate intelligence and wisdom which made him a real "medical polymath". As a musician, Trnka also composed sixty-one canons, two of them long wrongly considered as Mozart's work. Despite the fact that Trnka is considered to be the founder of Hungarian anatomy education and a major medical figure of the eighteenth century Central Europe, no internationally acclaimed biographical record of his life or work has so far been published in English. Therefore, we would like to reintroduce Václav Trnka both as an anatomist and medical polymath, and to give an overview of the early days of anatomy teaching in present-day Slovakia and Hungary (Fig. 1, Ref. 27). Keywords: Trnka from Křovice, anatomist, medical polymath, history of medicine.
Topics: Anatomists; Czech Republic; Europe; History, 18th Century; Humans; Hungary; Slovakia
PubMed: 31950845
DOI: 10.4149/BLL_2020_013 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Feb 2001Fredrik Georg Gade (1855-1933) was born in Bergen as the eldest son of a merchant and politician. He graduated from the University of Oslo in 1880. After clinical...
Fredrik Georg Gade (1855-1933) was born in Bergen as the eldest son of a merchant and politician. He graduated from the University of Oslo in 1880. After clinical residency and training in anatomy and pathology at the National Hospital in Oslo, he worked in several of the most outstanding medical research institutions in Continental Europe, including the institutes of Robert Koch and Carl Friedländer in Berlin, Carl Weigert in Frankfurt, the pathologists and anatomists Victor Cornil, Louis-Antoine Ranvier and Louis Charles Malassez in Paris. Gade was associate professor (prosector) of anatomy in Oslo from 1897 to 1906 and also the editor of the Norwegian Medical Journal (Norsk Magazin for Laegevidenskaben). He was also one of the pioneers of cancer statistics in Norway. In addition to his scientific publications, he wrote extensively on political and cultural issues. Struck by serious illness he donated most of his family fortune to establish an institute for pathology in his home town Bergen, which opened in 1912 under the name Dr. med. F.G. Gades Pathologiske institutt. It later became one of the pillars of the Medical Faculty when the University of Bergen was established in 1946 (now: The Gade Institute, University of Bergen).
Topics: Anatomy; Fund Raising; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Norway; Pathology
PubMed: 11293354
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Medica Academica Apr 2020This paper focuses on the short, but brilliant career of the Australian anatomist and medical educator, John Irvine Hunter. Hunter's biography is presented within the...
This paper focuses on the short, but brilliant career of the Australian anatomist and medical educator, John Irvine Hunter. Hunter's biography is presented within the context of the early twentieth century anatomy and medical education. John Irvine Hunter was not only the youngest ever Professor of Anatomy at the University of Sydney, but he was also undeniably brilliant with regard to teaching and researching anatomy, physiology and anthropology. While his short career answered many questions in these fields, it raised more questions regarding what Hunter may have accomplished if only he had been given the chance. These unanswered questions have spawned what we now affectionately refer to as the "Hunter Legend". His most ambitious work on the dual innervation of striated muscle, while eventually disproven, formed an important stepping-stone in the bridging of anatomy and physiology. His thought-provoking concepts were viewed with much intrigue, and at the time were very well received. CONCLUSION: Hunter remains one of the most prominent and inspiring figures in the history of Australian anatomy and medicine.
Topics: Anatomists; Anatomy; Anthropology; Australia; Education, Medical; Faculty, Medical; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Physiology
PubMed: 32738122
DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.288 -
Journal of Medical Education Jul 1956
Topics: Anatomists; Anatomy
PubMed: 13332380
DOI: 10.1097/00001888-195607000-00001 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) May 2017It is commonly believed that humans have a poor sense of smell compared to other mammalian species. However, this idea derives not from empirical studies of human... (Review)
Review
It is commonly believed that humans have a poor sense of smell compared to other mammalian species. However, this idea derives not from empirical studies of human olfaction but from a famous 19th-century anatomist's hypothesis that the evolution of human free will required a reduction in the proportional size of the brain's olfactory bulb. The human olfactory bulb is actually quite large in absolute terms and contains a similar number of neurons to that of other mammals. Moreover, humans have excellent olfactory abilities. We can detect and discriminate an extraordinary range of odors, we are more sensitive than rodents and dogs for some odors, we are capable of tracking odor trails, and our behavioral and affective states are influenced by our sense of smell.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mammals; Neurons; Olfactory Bulb; Olfactory Perception; Smell
PubMed: 28495701
DOI: 10.1126/science.aam7263 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Jan 2010In contrast to many other physicians of his age, John Browne (1642-1702), an English anatomist and surgeon, managed to strike a balance in his career that spanned...
In contrast to many other physicians of his age, John Browne (1642-1702), an English anatomist and surgeon, managed to strike a balance in his career that spanned relative obscurity, prestige, and notoriety. Among his more prestigious credits, Browne was Surgeon in Ordinary to King Charles II and William III. He also had numerous publications to his name, some of which are credited as great innovations. His career, however, was tempered by his most important book, which has been critiqued by his contemporaries as well as modern historians as plagiarism. Although Browne undeniably copied the works of others and published them under his name, he was not alone in this practice. Various forms of intellectual thievery were common in Browne's day, and there were many perpetrators. The life of this overlooked figure in the history of anatomy and the stigma attached to him will be examined.
Topics: Anatomists; Anatomy; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; Humans; King's Evil; Plagiarism
PubMed: 19941356
DOI: 10.1002/ca.20899 -
The Anatomical Record Aug 1999
Topics: Anatomy; Societies, Medical; United States
PubMed: 10467240
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(19990815)257:4<117::AID-AR1>3.0.CO;2-D -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Mar 2017Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) enjoys a reputation as one of the most talented people of all time in the history of science and the arts. However, little attention has...
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) enjoys a reputation as one of the most talented people of all time in the history of science and the arts. However, little attention has been given to his contributions to physiology. One of his main interests was engineering, and he was fascinated by structural problems and the flow patterns of liquids. He also produced a large number of ingenious designs for warfare and a variety of highly original flying machines. But of particular interest to us are his contributions to bioengineering and how he used his knowledge of basic physical principles to throw light on physiological function. For example, he produced new insights into the mechanics of breathing including the action of the ribs and diaphragm. He was the first person to understand the different roles of the internal and external intercostal muscles. He had novel ideas about the airways including the mode of airflow in them. He also worked on the cardiovascular system and had a special interest in the pulmonary circulation. But, interestingly, he was not able to completely divorce his views from those of Galen, in that although he could not see pores in the interventricular septum of the heart, one of his drawings included them. Leonardo was a talented anatomist who made many striking drawings of the human body. Finally, his reputation for many people is based on his paintings including the Mona Lisa that apparently attracts more viewers than any other painting in the world.
Topics: Anatomists; Art; Bioengineering; History, 15th Century; Humans; Physiology
PubMed: 28130260
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00378.2016 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Jan 2014The German Heinrich August Wrisberg made significant contributions to anatomical knowledge during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. However, very little is known...
The German Heinrich August Wrisberg made significant contributions to anatomical knowledge during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. However, very little is known of this early European physician and anatomist. Wrisberg was considered an excellent anatomist and wrote several textbooks in the field. Using standard computer search engines, this report reviews the known literature on this historic figure and notes his multiple contributions to the study of human morphology.
Topics: Anatomy; Germany; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; Humans
PubMed: 22431423
DOI: 10.1002/ca.22067 -
Hellenic Journal of Cardiology : HJC =... 2021
Topics: Anatomists; Cyprus; History, 20th Century; Humans
PubMed: 32259590
DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.02.006