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Irish Journal of Medical Science Oct 1947
Topics: Anatomists; History, 19th Century
PubMed: 20268622
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 2015
Topics: Anatomists; Anatomy; Biomedical Engineering; Biomedical Technology; Equipment Design; Equipment and Supplies; Humans
PubMed: 25793343
DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205-49.2.125 -
Annals of Medical History Jan 1932
PubMed: 33944155
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jan 2023Enno Freerksen (1910-2001) is one of the most prominent German anatomists of his time, as evidenced by numerous international awards. His political role in the Third...
Enno Freerksen (1910-2001) is one of the most prominent German anatomists of his time, as evidenced by numerous international awards. His political role in the Third Reich, however, remains controversial. While some authors describe him an avowed National Socialist, Karl-Werner Ratschko recently speculated about a late turn of Freerksen towards political resistance. The present work takes these contradictions as an occasion for a comprehensive source-based analysis of Freerksen's activities in the Third Reich. For the first time, a synoptic evaluation of primary sources from eight different archives is undertaken. The study is supplemented by a systematic re-analysis of all available research contributions on Freerksen. The study demonstrates that Freerksen not only joined numerous Nazi organizations - partly even before Hitler came to power -, but also took on several important functions in the Nazi apparatus and worked on National Socialist research topics (e.g. racial hygiene). It can also be shown that his steep scientific career was closely linked to his political activities. The thesis that Freerksen opposed Nazi ideology towards the end of the war, on the other hand, must be clearly rejected. On the contrary: The sources show Freerksen as a National Socialist polyfunctionary, who did not self-critically reflect on his role in the Third Reich even after 1945.
Topics: Humans; History, 20th Century; National Socialism; Anatomists; Awards and Prizes; Upper Extremity; Germany
PubMed: 36280188
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152014 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2017
"The days when the anatomist commanded the respect and confidence of his medical colleagues solely on the basis of his knowledge of static morphology, are rapidly disappearing".
Topics: Anatomists; Anatomy; History, 19th Century; Humans; Male; Neurosurgery; United States
PubMed: 28921758
DOI: 10.1002/ca.22985 -
Progress in Brain Research 2013John Bell, brother-surgeon of Charles Bell, was, like Charles, an outstanding surgeon and a good artist. John was one of the few who illustrated his work with their own...
John Bell, brother-surgeon of Charles Bell, was, like Charles, an outstanding surgeon and a good artist. John was one of the few who illustrated his work with their own drawings in the days before audiovisual aids were available and without the benefit of reliable drawing aids, photography and computer-aided design. Charles, on the other hand, was the better artist and illustrated much of the normal anatomy of the nervous system. Each brother undertook extensive surgery of men who had been wounded in war; John Bell left us his engravings from the textbooks, more numerous perhaps than Charles, but Charles left us a series of oil paintings and watercolours in addition to the illustrations in his textbooks.
Topics: Anatomists; Anatomy, Artistic; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century
PubMed: 24041280
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62730-8.00006-2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021Since its advent, robotic surgery has redefined the operating room experience. It directly addressed and resolved many of the shortcomings of laparoscopic methods while...
Since its advent, robotic surgery has redefined the operating room experience. It directly addressed and resolved many of the shortcomings of laparoscopic methods while maintaining a minimally invasive approach that brought benefits in cosmesis and healing for patients but also benefits in ergonomics and precision for surgeons. This new platform has brought with it changes in surgical training and education, principally through the utilization of virtual reality. Accurate depictions of human anatomy seen through augmented reality allow the surgeon-in-training to learn, practice and perfect their skills before they operate on their first patient. However, the anatomical knowledge required for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is distinct from current methods of dissection and prosection that inherently cater towards open surgery with large cuts and unobstructed field. It is integral that robotic surgeons are also equipped with accurate anatomical information, heralding a new era in which anatomists can work alongside those developing virtual reality technology to create anatomical training curricula for MIS. As the field of surgery and medicine in general moves to include more and more technology, it is only fitting that the building blocks of medical education follow suit and rediscover human anatomy in a modern context.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Humans; Laparoscopy; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Robotics; Surgeons; Virtual Reality
PubMed: 34886470
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312744 -
Journal of Medical Biography May 2021After graduating in medicine from the Edinburgh Extramural School of Medicine, William Keiller trained in obstetrics and became anatomy lecturer at the Edinburgh College...
After graduating in medicine from the Edinburgh Extramural School of Medicine, William Keiller trained in obstetrics and became anatomy lecturer at the Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women, where he successfully devised and developed an anatomical curriculum. In 1891, Keiller was appointed as the Professor of anatomy at the state medical department of the University of Texas, at the age of 30. He built up a nationally recognised anatomy department, museum and teaching curriculum informed by his experience in Edinburgh. Keiller left the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston a rich legacy, including anatomical specimens and drawings.
Topics: Anatomists; Art; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Museums; Schools, Medical; Scotland; Texas
PubMed: 30799672
DOI: 10.1177/0967772019831860 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) May 2021Most of the terms in Terminologia Anatomica are arranged by organ systems (systemata); however, the names for these systems are often used by physiologists and other... (Review)
Review
Most of the terms in Terminologia Anatomica are arranged by organ systems (systemata); however, the names for these systems are often used by physiologists and other biomedical scientists for related functional systems. These functional systems may differ in their composition from the anatomist's organ systems. In addition, many functional systems have been described that do not correspond to organ systems. Similarly, the non-standard anatomical terms alimentary tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract and reproductive tract lack a consistent meaning in the biomedical sciences. For clear communication, one should be cautious when using terms that may have other meanings in other disciplines. This appears to be particularly true for high level terms in the nomenclature of systematic anatomy.
Topics: Anatomy; Humans; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 32889734
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23677