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Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... 2016Millions of people in in rural areas and deprived tropical and subtropical regions are infected by soil-transmitted helminths: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura,...
Millions of people in in rural areas and deprived tropical and subtropical regions are infected by soil-transmitted helminths: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), and Strongyloides stercoralis. Large migratory flows have made their worldwide distribution easier. Besides being debilitating and producing a significant mortality, they cause high morbidity, leading to physical and intellectual impairment in millions of children who live in poverty. Along with the use of benzimidazoles (albendazole and mebendazole), large-scale international campaigns for treatment and prevention have decreased the number of affected individuals. However, re-infestations and benzimidazole-resistance are frequent, so there needs to be awareness about the importance and consequences of these neglected parasites.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; Ascaris lumbricoides; Helminthiasis; Humans; Necator americanus; Rural Population; Soil; Trichuris; Tropical Climate; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 26980233
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.02.002 -
JAMA Neurology Sep 2020
Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 32539129
DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0519 -
Parassitologia Jun 2002Ancylostomatoidea or hookworms recorded in Australia are reviewed and the attempt is made to provide the biogeographical background to their occurrence. The poor... (Review)
Review
Ancylostomatoidea or hookworms recorded in Australia are reviewed and the attempt is made to provide the biogeographical background to their occurrence. The poor representation of this nematode superfamily is probably a reflection of the fact that they are primarily parasites of Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Insectivora, Rodentia, Edentata, Proboscoidea and primates, eutherian mammals which are either absent from the Australian fauna or which have only recently reached the continent. The principal genera of hookworms recorded to date from Australia are Ancylostoma, Bunostomum, Necator and Uncinaria. The majority of the ancylostomatoid fauna is represented by introduced species of man and domestic animals. Native or endemic species of hookworms are restricted to members of the genus Uncinaria with two species occurring in rodents and pinnipeds. Only a single endemic species of hookworm is known, U. hydromyidis, which is found in the small intestine of a rat. Significant problems remain in understanding the systematics, epidemiology and evolutionary relationships of the Australian ancylostomatoid fauna.
Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Ancylostomiasis; Animal Migration; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Asia; Australia; Emigration and Immigration; Europe; Humans; Mammals; Species Specificity; Zoonoses
PubMed: 12404813
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics in Gastroenterology Jan 1978
Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Parasite Egg Count; Seasons
PubMed: 564248
DOI: No ID Found -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Jun 2021
Review
Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Ivermectin
PubMed: 34086220
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-021-0066-6 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Nov 2017
Topics: Alabama; Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Parasites; Sanitation
PubMed: 29140235
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0683 -
Boletin de La Asociacion Medica de... 2002
Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; History, 20th Century; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Puerto Rico
PubMed: 12898728
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Jan 2014The worldwide prevalence of geohelminths and their unique place in evolutionary biology have attracted research focus. These major soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes... (Review)
Review
The worldwide prevalence of geohelminths and their unique place in evolutionary biology have attracted research focus. These major soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes that cause human diseases are the nematode roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), the whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and the two hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), often collectively referred as geohelminths. Studies of geohelminthiasis in poorly nourished children in developing regions report that geohelminths contribute to stunted growth and cognitive impairment. Insights into immunology have shed light on the modulatory role of the parasite on the host immune system and have defined the role of T cells in controlling geohelminthic infection. Recent molecular biological techniques have created an opportunity to analyse the interaction between parasites and their hosts at the molecular level. This paper is a review of the recent literature that examined the prevalence of geohelminthiasis in developing countries, the association between geohelminths in relation to public health, parasitological/diagnostic features, and therapeutic and preventive aspects of these major soil-transmitted helminth (STH) pathogens in humans.
Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; Ascaris lumbricoides; Developing Countries; Developmental Disabilities; Helminthiasis; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Prevalence; Trichuris
PubMed: 24423707
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3183 -
Parasites & Vectors Mar 2020Hookworm infection is a major public health problem that threatens about 500 million people throughout tropical areas of the world. Adult hookworms survive for many... (Review)
Review
Hookworm infection is a major public health problem that threatens about 500 million people throughout tropical areas of the world. Adult hookworms survive for many years in the host intestine, where they suck blood, causing iron deficiency anemia and malnutrition. Numerous molecules, named excretory/secretory (ES) products, are secreted by hookworm adults and/or larvae to aid in parasite survival and pathobiology. Although the molecular cloning and characterization of hookworm ES products began 25 years ago, the biological role and molecular nature of many of them are still unclear. Hookworm ES products, with distinct structures and functions, have been linked to many essential events in the disease pathogenesis. These events include host invasion and tissue migration, parasite nourishment and reproduction, and immune modulation. Several of these products represent promising vaccine targets for controlling hookworm disease and therapeutic targets for many inflammatory diseases. This review aims to summarize our present knowledge about hookworm ES products, including their role in parasite biology, host-parasite interactions, and as vaccine and pharmaceutical targets and to identify research gaps and future research directions in this field.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; Antioxidants; Body Fluids; Cloning, Molecular; Female; Helminth Proteins; Hookworm Infections; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Male; Peptide Hydrolases; Protease Inhibitors; Vaccines
PubMed: 32171305
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04010-8 -
Vaccine Apr 2013Hookworm infection is one of the world's most common neglected tropical diseases and a leading cause of iron deficiency anemia in low- and middle-income countries. A... (Review)
Review
Hookworm infection is one of the world's most common neglected tropical diseases and a leading cause of iron deficiency anemia in low- and middle-income countries. A Human Hookworm Vaccine is currently being developed by the Sabin Vaccine Institute and is in phase 1 clinical testing. The candidate vaccine is comprised of two recombinant antigens known as Na-GST-1 and Na-APR-1, each of which is an important parasite enzyme required for hookworms to successfully utilize host blood as a source of energy. The recombinant proteins are formulated on Alhydrogel(®) and are being tested in combination with a synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 agonist. The aim of the vaccine is to induce anti-enzyme antibodies that will reduce both host blood loss and the number of hookworms attached to the gut. Transfer of the manufacturing technology to the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)/Bio-Manguinhos (a Brazilian public sector developing country vaccine manufacturer) is planned, with a clinical development plan that could lead to registration of the vaccine in Brazil. The vaccine would also need to be introduced in the poorest regions of Africa and Asia, where hookworm infection is highly endemic. Ultimately, the vaccine could become an essential tool for achieving hookworm control and elimination, a key target in the 2012 London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases.
Topics: Academies and Institutes; Ancylostomatoidea; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Biomedical Research; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Global Health; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Public Sector; Public-Private Sector Partnerships; Recombinant Proteins; Technology Transfer; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Vaccines
PubMed: 23598487
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.034