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Reproductive Health Oct 2022Anencephaly is a fatal congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of brain hemispheres and cranial arch. Timely preventive measures can be taken by knowing the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Anencephaly is a fatal congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of brain hemispheres and cranial arch. Timely preventive measures can be taken by knowing the exact prevalence of this common neural tube defect; thus, carried out through systematic review and meta-analysis, the present study was conducted to determine the worldwide prevalence, incidence and mortality of anencephaly.
METHODS
Cochran's seven-step instructions were used as the guideline. Having determined the research question and inclusion and exclusion criteria, we studied MagIran, SID, Science Direct, WoS, Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Moreover, the search strategy in each database included using all possible keyword combinations with the help of "AND" and "OR" operators with no time limit to 2021. The I test was used to calculate study heterogeneity, and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation tests were employed to assess the publication bias. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2).
RESULTS
In this study, the statements of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) were used. In the first stage, 1141 articles were found, of which 330 duplicate studies were omitted. 371 articles were deleted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria by reviewing the title and abstract of the study. 58 articles were removed by reviewing the full text of the article because it was not relevant to the research. 360 studies with a sample size of 207,639,132 people were considered for the meta-analysis. Overall estimate of the prevalence, incidence and attenuation of anencephaly worldwide were 5.1 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 4.7-5.5 per ten thousand births), 8.3 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 5.5-9.9 per ten thousand births), 5.5 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 1.8-15 per ten thousand births) respectively the highest of which according to the subgroup analysis, belonged to the Australian continent with 8.6 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 7.7-9.5 per ten thousand births).
CONCLUSION
The overall prevalence of anencephaly in the world is significant, indicating the urgent need for preventive and treating measures.
Topics: Anencephaly; Australia; Humans; Neural Tube Defects; Prevalence
PubMed: 36253858
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01509-4 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Aug 1990
Topics: Anencephaly; Animals; Humans
PubMed: 2381454
DOI: 10.1056/nejm199008303230918 -
Prenatal Diagnosis May 2015The objective of this study is to assess the gestational age at detection and prevalence of anencephaly in the North of The Netherlands over a 5-year period.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to assess the gestational age at detection and prevalence of anencephaly in the North of The Netherlands over a 5-year period.
METHODS
A case list of all cases of anencephaly from two fetal medicine units was compiled. Cases were included if the estimated due date was between 1 August 2008 and 31 July 2013.
RESULTS
Overall prevalence of anencephaly was 5.4 per 10.000 pregnancies (n = 110). The majority of cases (69%) was detected before 18 weeks' gestation. Factors determining successful early diagnosis were competence level of the sonographers, with a significantly higher detection rate when scans were performed by a sonographer licensed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) for nuchal translucency measurement (p = 0.001), and gestational age at or beyond 11 weeks of gestation (p = 0.024).
CONCLUSION
Improving detection of anencephaly in the first trimester requires ultrasound screening at or after 11 weeks of gestation, performed by experienced sonographers trained in recognizing fetal anomalies. Sonographers should be instructed that the goal of the first trimester scan is not only to measure nuchal translucency thickness but also to exclude major anomalies.
Topics: Anencephaly; Clinical Competence; Early Diagnosis; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Netherlands; Nuchal Translucency Measurement; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 25613559
DOI: 10.1002/pd.4563 -
Harefuah Jun 1976
Topics: Anencephaly; Female; Humans; Israel; Male
PubMed: 964756
DOI: No ID Found -
Morphologiai Es Igazsagugyi Orvosi... Oct 1976One case of anencephaly is described and in connection with this case factors compatible with the development of ASP are discussed. The investigation of the parent's...
One case of anencephaly is described and in connection with this case factors compatible with the development of ASP are discussed. The investigation of the parent's chromosomes revealed 46, XX/47, XXX mosaicizm at the mother. The importance of genetic consultation and the intrauterin diagnosis is stressed.
Topics: Adult; Anencephaly; Female; Genetic Counseling; Gestational Age; Humans; Karyotyping; Mosaicism; Prenatal Diagnosis
PubMed: 1012289
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics &... 2006Anencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly in which the forebrain, meninges, vault of the skull, and scalp all fail to form. We report a case of a 32-year-old gravida 2... (Review)
Review
Anencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly in which the forebrain, meninges, vault of the skull, and scalp all fail to form. We report a case of a 32-year-old gravida 2 woman with an anencephalic fetus detected at the 21st gestational week. She had a history of an intrauterine fetal death of an anencephalic fetus at the 20th gestational week two years before. We present the case and briefly review the literature.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Abortion, Therapeutic; Adult; Amniocentesis; Anencephaly; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 17089587
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) Sep 1972
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Anencephaly; Diffusion; Female; Fetal Proteins; Humans; Liver; Pregnancy
PubMed: 4115857
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92130-7 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... May 2004To examine the prognosis of conservative management in twin pregnancies discordant for anencephaly, we review the literature and report on four of our own cases, which... (Review)
Review
AIMS AND METHODS
To examine the prognosis of conservative management in twin pregnancies discordant for anencephaly, we review the literature and report on four of our own cases, which were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
In the University Hospital of Erlangen, six twin pregnancies discrepant for anencephaly were observed during an 8-year period (1992-2000). Four of these pregnancies were managed conservatively. Preterm delivery occurred in all of the cases, but the unaffected fetuses all had favorable long-term outcome. Delayed interval delivery was performed in two cases due to extreme immaturity in the healthy fetus.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data show that in twin pregnancies with early diagnosis of anencephaly in one fetus, the risk of premature delivery of the healthy fetus may be more increased than is already known in the literature. Therefore, selective fetocide of the anencephalic fetus is a management option, at least in dichorionic pregnancies, to prevent polyhydramnios and to reduce the risk of preterm delivery.
Topics: Adult; Anencephaly; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prenatal Care; Prenatal Diagnosis; Retrospective Studies; Twins
PubMed: 15099864
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.09.013 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Oct 2006To help develop an evidence-based approach to the best management of twin pregnancies discordant for anencephaly. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To help develop an evidence-based approach to the best management of twin pregnancies discordant for anencephaly.
METHODS
We retrospectively examined the management and outcome of 18 pregnancies discordant for anencephaly diagnosed at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation in our center. We combined these data with those from other publications. In total, there were 44 dichorionic pregnancies that were managed expectantly (n = 35) or by selective feticide (n = 9) and 19 monochorionic pregnancies that were managed expectantly. We also reviewed the literature to ascertain the outcome of monochorionic twin pregnancies undergoing cord occlusion.
RESULTS
In the 35 dichorionic pregnancies that were managed expectantly, 20 (57.1%) developed polyhydramnios at 25-31 weeks; 13 were managed expectantly, five had amniodrainage and two had selective feticide. In 34 of the 35 cases the non-anencephalic twin was liveborn at a median gestation of 36 (range, 28-39) weeks and in six (17.6%) of these it was born before 33 weeks. In the dichorionic pregnancies that had selective feticide, there was one miscarriage and eight (88.9%) live births at a median gestation of 37 (range, 30-40) weeks and in one (12.5%) of these it was born before 33 weeks. In the monochorionic pregnancies, four (21.1%) anencephalic fetuses died at 20-32 weeks and in three of these the normal co-twin also died. In the 16 (84.2%) cases resulting in the live birth of the normal twin, delivery occurred at a median gestation of 33 (range, 27-39) weeks and in six (37.5%) of these it was before 33 weeks. Ultrasound-guided bipolar cord coagulation in 92 pregnancies, mostly complicated by twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence or severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, was associated with a survival rate of 77.2% and early preterm delivery rate of 31.0%.
CONCLUSION
Dichorionic twins discordant for anencephaly are best managed with serial ultrasound examinations for early diagnosis of polyhydramnios, which can then be treated either by amniodrainage or selective feticide. In monochorionic twins it is uncertain whether the best management is expectant or by cord occlusion.
Topics: Anencephaly; Diseases in Twins; Female; Fetal Diseases; Gestational Age; Humans; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 16862627
DOI: 10.1002/uog.2836 -
Veterinary Pathology Sep 2010Anencephaly results from defects in neural tube closure early in gestation and, to the authors' knowledge, has not been reported in dogs. In this case, the canine fetus...
Anencephaly results from defects in neural tube closure early in gestation and, to the authors' knowledge, has not been reported in dogs. In this case, the canine fetus was stillborn at the 62nd day of gestation and had a hypoplastic calvarium, with flattened base of the skull and shallow orbits, causing protrusion of the eyes. Macroscopically, the brain was completely missing. Histologically, well-differentiated nerve fibers, fragments of cerebellar folia, and ganglia with large neurons and glial cells were detected in a loose stroma in sections through the cranial bone and adjacent soft tissue in the rudimentary cranial cavity. Immunohistochemically, single cells within the stroma expressed NeuN, consistent with mature neurons, whereas intracranial ganglion cells and nerves had mild expression of doublecortin. The presence of many immature, and only a few mature, neurons in the rudimentary nerve tissue in this case indicates a failure of physiological brain development and differentiation.
Topics: Anencephaly; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fetus; Ganglia; Immunohistochemistry; Pregnancy
PubMed: 20466859
DOI: 10.1177/0300985810371306