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Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular... Feb 2013
Review
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Angiotensins; Autonomic Nerve Block; Disease Management; Humans; Hypotension; Intraoperative Complications; Receptors, Angiotensin
PubMed: 22854335
DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2012.06.014 -
Neuroendocrinology 2009Angiotensin II acts through specific receptors to alter several brain functions including fluid and electrolyte control, neuroendocrine function and autonomic efferent... (Review)
Review
Angiotensin II acts through specific receptors to alter several brain functions including fluid and electrolyte control, neuroendocrine function and autonomic efferent activity. This review discusses one brain site, the rostral ventrolateral medulla, where the actions of angiotensin II have been intensively studied. The rostral ventrolateral medulla plays a critical role in the generation and regulation of sympathetic activity to the cardiovascular system and hence is important for blood pressure control. Current evidence indicates that angiotensin II activates neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla via the AT(1A) receptor. In some models of cardiovascular disease, blockade of AT(1) receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla reduces sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure suggesting that overactivity of the angiotensin system in this nucleus may play a role in the maintenance of high blood pressure.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Angiotensins; Animals; Cardiovascular System; Humans; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons
PubMed: 19174604
DOI: 10.1159/000197863 -
Critical Care (London, England) Nov 2018
Topics: Adult; Angiotensin II; Angiotensins; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Shock; Shock, Cardiogenic; Shock, Septic; Vasoconstrictor Agents
PubMed: 30382926
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2225-4 -
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy Mar 2006Angiotensin II (Ang II), a main effector peptide in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays a fundamental role as a vasoconstrictor in controlling cardiovascular... (Review)
Review
Angiotensin II (Ang II), a main effector peptide in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays a fundamental role as a vasoconstrictor in controlling cardiovascular function and renal homeostasis. Ang II also acts as a growth promoter or angiogenic factor via type 1 angiotensin II receptors (AT1Rs) in certain tumour cell lines. Recent studies have shown the activation of the local RAS in various tumour tissues, including the abundant generation of Ang II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the upregulation of AT1R expression. Thus, considerable attention has been paid to the role of the RAS in cancer and its blockade as a new approach to the treatment of cancer. There is increasing evidence that the Ang II-AT1R system is involved in tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in experimental models, suggesting the therapeutic potential of an ACE inhibitor and AT1R blocker, both of which have been used as antihypertensive drugs. In addition, specific Ang II-degrading enzymes are expressed in tumours and play a regulatory role in cell proliferation and invasion. This review focuses on the role of the Ang II-AT1R system in solid tumours, particularly in the progression of gynaecological cancer, and presents the clinical potential of manipulating the angiotensin system as a novel and promising strategy for cancer treatment.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Angiotensins; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Neoplasms; Renin-Angiotensin System; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 16503734
DOI: 10.1517/14712598.6.3.243 -
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Apr 2022Sepsis is an extensive life-threatening illness that occurs due to an abnormal host response that extends through the initial storm of inflammation and oxidative stress...
Sepsis is an extensive life-threatening illness that occurs due to an abnormal host response that extends through the initial storm of inflammation and oxidative stress and terminates at the late stage of immunosuppression. Among global intensive care units, sepsis-induced acute kidney injury is reported with high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition on sepsis outcomes. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure was applied for sepsis induction. The experimental design constituted of five groups of rats: sham, CLP-nontreated and CLP-treated with ramipril (10 mg/kg, p.o.), losartan (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and spironolactone (25 mg/kg, p.o.). Twenty-four hours after surgery, rats were euthanized for blood and tissue samples, which were used for assessment of serum inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress parameters, as well as to kidney function parameters. The tissue samples were used for histological and caspase-3 assessment. A survival study was conducted using another set of animals. Our results showed that the different RAAS inhibitors showed protective effects evidenced by enhanced overall survival following sepsis (80% in ramipril and spironolactone-treated and 60% in losartan-treated vs. 10% in the septic group), in addition to improved renal function parameters and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. The timely use of RAAS inhibitors during sepsis might represent a new therapeutic approach in septic patient.
Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensins; Animals; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney; Rats; Sepsis
PubMed: 34309069
DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12718 -
Journal of Hypertension May 2002Several peptides of the RAS other than angiotensin (1-8) have been identified. They are generally referred as 'angiotensin fragments': Ang (2-8), Ang (3-8) and Ang (1-7)... (Review)
Review
Several peptides of the RAS other than angiotensin (1-8) have been identified. They are generally referred as 'angiotensin fragments': Ang (2-8), Ang (3-8) and Ang (1-7) and have been detected in human tissues. There is evidence that they may play a functional role in humans by acting in concert with angiotensin (1-8) and aldosterone. Available knowledge on the pathways leading to synthesis and degradation of angiotensin fragments, as well as on their interactions with receptors and on their possible role in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease are reviewed.
Topics: Angiotensins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Peptide Fragments
PubMed: 12011628
DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200205000-00002 -
Journal of Hypertension Jun 1985
Review
Topics: Angiotensin I; Angiotensin II; Angiotensins; Animals; Humans; Hypertension; Renin-Angiotensin System; Sheep
PubMed: 3894514
DOI: 10.1097/00004872-198506000-00002 -
European Journal of Pharmacology May 2008The renin-angiotensin system is still incompletely understood. In particular, the function of prorenin, the inactive precursor of renin, is unknown. Yet, prorenin levels... (Review)
Review
The renin-angiotensin system is still incompletely understood. In particular, the function of prorenin, the inactive precursor of renin, is unknown. Yet, prorenin levels are >10-fold higher than renin levels, and prorenin increases even further in subjects with diabetes mellitus displaying microvascular complications. The recent discovery of a (pro)renin binding receptor may shed light on the role of prorenin. This review discusses the possibility that prorenin binding to this receptor results in prorenin activation, thereby allowing angiotensin generation, and that prorenin simultaneously acts as an agonist of this receptor, inducing angiotensin-independent effects. Transgenic animals overexpressing the receptor, as well as a receptor antagonist are now available, and future studies should reveal to what degree this concept is applicable to humans as well.
Topics: Angiotensins; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Receptors, Cell Surface; Renin; Renin-Angiotensin System; Prorenin Receptor
PubMed: 18417113
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.092 -
Contributions To Nephrology 2001
Review
Topics: Angiotensins; Animals; Biopsy, Needle; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Rats; Regeneration; Renin-Angiotensin System; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 11705283
DOI: 10.1159/000060165 -
The American Journal of Medicine Jan 1978
Review
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Angiotensin II; Angiotensins; Animals; Antibodies; Blood Pressure; Chemistry; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Goats; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Rabbits; Renin; Saralasin; Sodium; Teprotide
PubMed: 203191
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(78)90191-2