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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory... Feb 2024Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a quantitative measurement of monocyte anisocytosis and has been proposed as an efficient marker for early sepsis detection. This...
OBJECTIVES
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a quantitative measurement of monocyte anisocytosis and has been proposed as an efficient marker for early sepsis detection. This study aimed to assess the prognostic potential of MDW in septic patients.
METHODS
In this study, a total of 252 adult septic patients were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory finding including MDW and traditional inflammatory biomarkers detected at three time points (day 1, day 3 and day 6) after admission were collected and compared between 28-day survivors and non-survivors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess and compare their predictive values. Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to identify MDW trajectory endotypes. Basic characteristics and 28-day outcomes were compared between the trajectories.
RESULTS
ROC curve analysis showed that MDW levels measured on day 3 after admission (D-MDW) had moderate prognostic value and was independently associated with 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. A D-MDW value of 26.20 allowed discrimination between survivors and non-survivors with a sensitivity of 77.8 % and a specificity of 67.6 %. However, the prognostic accuracy of D-MDW was diminished in immune-compromised patients and patients who already received antibiotics before admission. Group-based trajectory modeling indicated that excessively elevated and delayed decreased MDW levels during the first week after admission inversely correlated with prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
MDW values detected on day 3 after admission and its kinetic change might be potential markers for predicting short-term outcome in adult septic patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Monocytes; Sepsis; Biomarkers; Prognosis; ROC Curve
PubMed: 37815315
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0577 -
Early Human Development May 1994Whether preeclampsia affects the fetal hematologic system still remains a controversial issue. The purpose of this series was to examine the hypothesis that preeclampsia...
Whether preeclampsia affects the fetal hematologic system still remains a controversial issue. The purpose of this series was to examine the hypothesis that preeclampsia may or may not cause adverse effects on fetal hemogram, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. In addition, no one, to date, has reported the effect on red cell distribution width (RDW) of fetal cord blood by preeclampsia. Therefore this series also tested the hypothesis that preeclampsia may induce elevation of RDW in fetal cord blood. From August 1, 1989 to July 31 1990, we prospectively collected cord blood samples at parturition from 21 preeclamptic pregnancies and 366 uncomplicated controls and measured their complete blood counts by computerized blood autoanalyzer. The results of the comparison with red blood cells showed significant erythrocythemia (P < 0.05), increased hematocrit (P < 0.05), elevated hemoglobin (P < 0.05), and marked anisocytosis (as reflected by RDW, P < 0.0001) in preeclamptic pregnancies than in controls. Though no significant differences were demonstrated in the white cell counts, severe thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001) was observed in the preeclamptic group than in controls. We concluded that preeclampsia may cause significant normocytic, normochromic erythrocythemia, marked anisocytosis and severe thrombocytopenia in newborns, which deserved the attention of obstetricians and neonatologists. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Topics: Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Female; Fetal Blood; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 8088230
DOI: 10.1016/0378-3782(94)90150-3 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Dec 2023This report describes the cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of adult-type rhabdomyoma located within the subcutaneous tissue in a 14-year-old...
This report describes the cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of adult-type rhabdomyoma located within the subcutaneous tissue in a 14-year-old female Border Collie (thigh) and a 13-year-old male Mongrel (flank). In both cases, fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed cluster-forming, epithelial-like polygonal cells with abundant foamy cytoplasm, and moderate to marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis; therefore, an epithelial tumor was suspected. After surgical excision, tumors underwent histopathologic examination with additional immunohistochemistry. Both tumors were well-demarcated and located within the subcutaneous tissue in the vicinity of the cutaneous muscle. The tumor mass consisted of densely packed round or polygonal cells with distinct vacuolation of the cytoplasm. Tumor cells expressed vimentin, desmin, and NSE and were cytokeratin and α-SMA negative. Based on histologic features and immunophenotyping, adult-type rhabdomyoma was diagnosed in both cases. This study highlights that the cytologic features of rhabdomyoma can be misleading and may suggest an epithelial tumor.
Topics: Male; Female; Dogs; Animals; Rhabdomyoma; Epithelial Cells; Immunohistochemistry; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37914534
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13305 -
Genetics and Molecular Biology Apr 2010Physical training induces beneficial adaptation, whereas exhaustive exercises increase reactive oxygen-species generation, thereby causing oxidative damage in plasma and...
Dietary carotenoid-rich oil supplementation improves exercise-induced anisocytosis in runners: influences of haptoglobin, MnSOD (Val9Ala), CAT (21A/T) and GPX1 (Pro198Leu) gene polymorphisms in dilutional pseudoanemia (sports anemia).
Physical training induces beneficial adaptation, whereas exhaustive exercises increase reactive oxygen-species generation, thereby causing oxidative damage in plasma and erythrocytes, fractions susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) is a Brazilian Cerrado fruit containing a carotenoid-rich oil. The aim was to investigate the effects of pequi-oil on exercise-induced oxidative damage in plasma and erythrocytes, after running in the same environment and undergoing weekly training under the same conditions as to type, intensity and length. Evaluations were accomplished after outdoor running on flat land before and after ingestion of 400 mg pequi-oil capsules for 14 days. Blood samples were taken after running and submitted to TBARS assay and erythrogram analysis. Haptoglobin, MnSOD (Val9Ala), CAT (21A/T) and GPX1 (Pro198Leu) gene polymorphisms were priorly investigated, so as to estimate genetic influence The reduction in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit after pequi-oil treatment was notably associated with higher plasma expansion. Except for MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and RDW (red cell distribution width), the results were influenced by the polymorphisms studied. The best response to pequi-oil was presented by MnSOD Val/Val, CAT AA or AT genotypes and the GPX1 Pro allele. The significantly lower RDW and higher MHCH values were related to pequi-oil protective effects. Pequi oil, besides possessing other nutritional properties, showed protective blood effects.
PubMed: 21637495
DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47572010005000022 -
Veterinary Research Communications Apr 2024South American camelids (SACs) play an increasing role in veterinary care in Europe. Many alpacas or llamas presented to veterinarians suffer from anaemia, regularly... (Review)
Review
South American camelids (SACs) play an increasing role in veterinary care in Europe. Many alpacas or llamas presented to veterinarians suffer from anaemia, regularly with a packed cell volume (PCV) below 0.10 l/l, which is a life-threatening condition for the animals. This review article presents clinical and laboratory diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. Clinical identification of anaemic animals can be performed by assessing the FAMACHA© score and the Body Condition Score (BCS), since anaemia in alpacas and llamas correlates with pale mucous membranes and a lowered BCS. Haematological examination of a blood sample can provide a more differentiated diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. A common finding is regenerative anaemia with an increased number of reticulocytes that is often caused by blood loss due to Haemonchus contortus. Changes in a blood smear from an alpaca or llama with regenerative anaemia may include normoblasts (nucleated red blood cells), anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, polychromasia, Howell-Jolly bodies or basophilic stippling. Furthermore, non-regenerative anaemia, often caused by trace element deficiency or cachexia, can also occur.
Topics: Animals; Camelids, New World; Anemia; Haemonchus; South America
PubMed: 38049672
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10274-z -
American Journal of Human Genetics Mar 2013Congenital macrothrombocytopenia (CMTP) is a heterogeneous group of rare platelet disorders characterized by a congenital reduction of platelet counts and abnormally...
Congenital macrothrombocytopenia (CMTP) is a heterogeneous group of rare platelet disorders characterized by a congenital reduction of platelet counts and abnormally large platelets, for which CMTP-causing mutations are only found in approximately half the cases. We herein performed whole-exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing to identify mutations that cause CMTP, in which a dominant mode of transmission had been suspected but for which no known responsible mutations have been documented. In 13 Japanese CMTP-affected pedigrees, we identified six (46%) affected by ACTN1 variants cosegregating with CMTP. In the entire cohort, ACNT1 variants accounted for 5.5% of the dominant forms of CMTP cases and represented the fourth most common cause in Japanese individuals. Individuals with ACTN1 variants presented with moderate macrothrombocytopenia with anisocytosis but were either asymptomatic or had only a modest bleeding tendency. ACTN1 encodes α-actinin-1, a member of the actin-crosslinking protein superfamily that participates in the organization of the cytoskeleton. In vitro transfection experiments in Chinese hamster ovary cells demonstrated that altered α-actinin-1 disrupted the normal actin-based cytoskeletal structure. Moreover, transduction of mouse fetal liver-derived megakaryocytes with disease-associated ACTN1 variants caused a disorganized actin-based cytoskeleton in megakaryocytes, resulting in the production of abnormally large proplatelet tips, which were reduced in number. Our findings provide an insight into the pathogenesis of CMTP.
Topics: Actinin; Animals; Asian People; Blood Platelets; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cytoskeleton; Exome; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Megakaryocytes; Mice; Mutation; Pedigree; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 23434115
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.01.015 -
Acta Haematologica Apr 1961
Topics: Erythrocyte Indices; Erythrocytes; Hematologic Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 13776413
DOI: 10.1159/000206540 -
Journal of the American Society of... 2016Human polyomaviruses (PyV) are ubiquitous, remaining predominantly inactive hence asymptomatic in the healthy, immunocompetent population. BK and JC PyV potentially... (Review)
Review
Human polyomaviruses (PyV) are ubiquitous, remaining predominantly inactive hence asymptomatic in the healthy, immunocompetent population. BK and JC PyV potentially infect pan-urinary tract epithelial cells. With reactivation, PyV disrupt cell cycling mechanisms, facilitating viral replication leading to cell necrosis, exfoliation, and, infrequently, carcinogenesis. Exfoliated PyV-infected cells pose diagnostic pitfalls, hence they are termed "decoy cells" as they may mimic high-grade urothelial carcinoma cells. BK polyomavirus-associated-nephropathy (BKVAN) is an inflammatory disease causing interstitial fibrosis with tubular atrophy in renal transplant recipients, increasing risk of graft loss. BKVAN is confirmed by renal biopsy, and managed by immunosuppression modulation. As voided urine may provide pan-reno-urinary tract sampling, cytopathology may serve a critical diagnostic purpose coupled with decoy cell quantification and indirect BK PyV load gauging. Thus, identification of decoy cells and differentiation from high-grade urothelial carcinoma cells, and degenerated, benign urothelial cells, is clinically essential. PyV virology and pathobiology in the context of renal transplantation, immuno-suppression and BKVAN, and, decoy cell cytomorphology and cytopreparation with commentary are highlighted. Decoy cell overall characteristics: variable degeneration; cytomegaly; comet-like shapes; angular cytoplasmic extensions; eccentric, polar nuclear placements; moderate anisocytosis; typically single cells with high N:C ratios. Cytoplasmic features: moderate-abundance; granular, blue-gray monochromatism. Nuclear features: karyomegaly; haphazardly-scattered chromatin densities; smudged, homogeneous, basophilic ground glass masses displacing chromatin alongside inner periphery of regular, symmetrical nuclear envelopes. Background features: granular cellular debris; inflammatory cells; intact and lyzed erythrocytes. Decoy cells lack coarse chromatin as in high-grade urothelial carcinoma cells. Benign urothelial cells exhibit low N:C ratios with fine chromatin distribution and euchromasia.
PubMed: 31042494
DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2015.11.004 -
[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal... Jan 2016We report an 11-month-old breast-fed boy with feeding difficulties, lethargy, and developmental delay. Blood examination showed pancytopenia and decreased serum levels... (Review)
Review
We report an 11-month-old breast-fed boy with feeding difficulties, lethargy, and developmental delay. Blood examination showed pancytopenia and decreased serum levels of vitamin B12. Anisocytosis and poikilocytes were detected in his peripheral blood, and increased megaloblastosis without leukemic cells was detected in his bone marrow. After the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency, symptoms were improved by vitamin B12 administration. Further investigation of the mother identified Crohn's disease and suggested that the supply of vitamin B12 from the mother to the infant, via the placenta during pregnancy and via breast milk after birth, was decreased due to impaired absorption of vitamin B12 in the mother's small intestine. Magnetic resonance imaging of the boy's brain on admission showed cerebral cortex atrophy which had improved by the age of 1 year and 10 months after vitamin B12 treatment, though developmental delay was still evident at the age of 3 years. Infantile vitamin B12 deficiency often presents with nonspecific manifestations, such as developmental delay and failure to thrive, in addition to anemia and is thus not easily diagnosed. To prevent severe neurological sequelae, this condition must be rapidly diagnosed, because a prolonged duration increases the risk of permanent disabilities.
Topics: Anemia, Megaloblastic; Brain Diseases; Crohn Disease; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
PubMed: 26861098
DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.57.15 -
Journal of Toxicology 2022Away from hemorheological properties, the effect of heroin addiction on erythrocytes is poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the oxidative impacts of...
Away from hemorheological properties, the effect of heroin addiction on erythrocytes is poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the oxidative impacts of heroin administration on erythrocytes. Study subjects included chronic intravenous heroin addicts and control subjects. Hematological analysis and redox parameters were measured, including serum concentration of methemoglobin ([MethHb]), serum glutathione peroxidase-1 ([GPX-1]), serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, erythrocytic protein carbonyl content, and oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio. Hematological analysis revealed that addicts had a significantly higher red cell distribution width, consistent with the mild anisocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes. As compared to control subjects, significantly higher levels of serum [Met-Hb], [GPX-1], and GPX activity ( < 0.001) were reported among addicted subjects. A significant association between [MetHb] and GPX activity was observed with = 0.764 ( < 0.001). Furthermore, significantly higher erythrocytic protein carbonyl contents and GSSG/GSH ratio were evident among heroin addicts ( < 0.005) that were significantly associated with = 0.429 (=0.01). Results demonstrate preliminary evidence that heroin addiction is implicated in impaired redox status of erythrocytes. Considering the pharmacokinetics of heroin, erythrocytic antioxidant mechanisms, and turnover rate, further investigation is required to evaluate the extent and clinical outcomes, especially upon over-dose administration.
PubMed: 36212505
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3996051