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Zootaxa Oct 2021Polyophthalmus zhadanae sp. nov. (Annelida, Opheliidae), is described from the coast of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (Arabian Gulf) after specimens collected in the... (Review)
Review
Polyophthalmus zhadanae sp. nov. (Annelida, Opheliidae), is described from the coast of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (Arabian Gulf) after specimens collected in the intertidal and shallow subtidal. This new species is characterised by the body pigmentation pattern, distribution of lateral eyes, presence of small dorsal and ventral parapodial cirri and pygidial features. External and internal anatomy was described after examination with SEM and micro-CT. The presence of several body structures in the genus such as a cephalic palpode-like papilla is discussed. Furthermore, the diversity of genus Polyophthalmus and the presence of Polyophthalmus pictus (Dujardin, 1839) in the Indo-Pacific is reviewed and a key to species is provided.
Topics: Animal Distribution; Animals; Annelida; Polychaeta
PubMed: 34810858
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.4.3 -
Zootaxa Oct 2022Whilst seven species of magelonids have been originally described from the North-Western Pacific Ocean, only two have been from Japanese waters. Given the often high... (Review)
Review
Whilst seven species of magelonids have been originally described from the North-Western Pacific Ocean, only two have been from Japanese waters. Given the often high diversity of magelonid species within relatively small regions, the number of Japanese Magelona species is likely to be higher. The validity of several recorded species from the region has been additionally called into question, and the urgent need for a review of magelonids of Japan highlighted. Newly collected samples of magelonids have emphasised the presence of three species new to science occurring off Japan, herein described: Magelona alba sp. nov., Magelona armatis sp. nov., and Magelona boninensis sp. nov. A redescription of Magelona japonica is additionally provided, along with notes on a fifth species, which approaches Magelona cornuta. A dichotomous identification key to magelonid species of the North-Western Pacific Ocean, along with a table of characters for all five observed species is provided.
Topics: Animals; Annelida; Polychaeta; Japan; Oceans and Seas
PubMed: 37045067
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.4.1 -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Sep 2020Siboglinids are a characteristic feature of reducing environments. More than 75% of all siboglinids were found in the Sea of Okhotsk at a depth of less than 400 m,... (Review)
Review
Siboglinids are a characteristic feature of reducing environments. More than 75% of all siboglinids were found in the Sea of Okhotsk at a depth of less than 400 m, while some species are known to inhabit the abyssal depth in other regions. Among the six species of siboglinids encountered in the Sea of Okhotsk, only two are widespread: Siboglinum caulleryi and Oligobrachia dogieli. A significant number of all findings belong to the area where, according to geological data, the methane concentration varies between 0.22 and 4.46*10 nmol/kg. There is a vast territory in the central part of the Sea of Okhotsk that is not inhabited by siboglinids and is characterized by minimum methane concentration values. Thus, data on the Sea of Okhotsk indicate that siboglinids are related to sites of methane seepage.
Topics: Animals; Annelida; Hydrocarbons; Methane; Phylogeny; Polychaeta
PubMed: 32753224
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111448 -
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Aug 2023Polynoidae is the most diverse radiation of Aphroditiformia and one of the most successful groups of all Annelida in terms of diversity and habitats colonized. With such...
Polynoidae is the most diverse radiation of Aphroditiformia and one of the most successful groups of all Annelida in terms of diversity and habitats colonized. With such an unmatched diversity, phylogenetic investigations have struggled to understand their evolutionary relationships. Previous phylogenetic analyses have slowly increased taxon sampling and employed methodologies, but despite their diversity and biological importance, large genomic sampling is limited. To investigate the internal relationships within Polynoidae, we conducted the first phylogenomic analyses of the group based on 12 transcriptomes collected from species inhabiting a broad array of habitats, including shallow and deep waters, as well as hydrothermal vents, anchialine caves and the midwater. Our phylogenomic analyses of Polynoidae recovered congruent tree topologies representing the clades Polynoinae, Macellicephalinae and Lepidonotopodinae. Members of Polynoinae and Macellicephalinae clustered in well-supported and independent clades. In contrast, Lepidonotopodinae taxa were always recovered nested within Macellicephalinae. Though our sampling only covers a small proportion of the species known for Polynoidae, our results provide a robust phylogenomic framework to build from, emphasizing previously hypothesized relationships between Macellicephalinae and Lepidonotopodinae taxa, while providing new insights on the origin of enigmatic cave and pelagic lineages.
Topics: Animals; Phylogeny; Transcriptome; Annelida; Polychaeta; Biological Evolution
PubMed: 37169231
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107811 -
Zootaxa Mar 2023A survey of the earthworm fauna of Belarus that included most of its territory was performed in this study. One genus, three species and one subspecies were reported for...
A survey of the earthworm fauna of Belarus that included most of its territory was performed in this study. One genus, three species and one subspecies were reported for the first time. The fauna of Belarus thus comprises 17 species and two subspecies. Detailed maps for all of the reported species were constructed.
Topics: Animals; Oligochaeta; Republic of Belarus; Annelida
PubMed: 37045269
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.9 -
Zootaxa Dec 2021Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896 is a small group of spionid polychaetes comprising five valid species, all of which appear similar to each other. The identification of worms... (Review)
Review
Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896 is a small group of spionid polychaetes comprising five valid species, all of which appear similar to each other. The identification of worms based on morphological features is often confusing, and thus molecular data have been suggested as providing crucial additional diagnostic characters. Here we summarize and map available records of M. viridis (Verrill, 1873) worldwide, and, based on the analysis of fragment sequences of COI, 16S, 18S, 28S and Histone 3, report this species for the first time from Norway. We also summarize and map the records of Marenzelleria from North America, distinguishing those based on morphology and molecular data. We report new records for Marenzelleria sp. from Baffin Is., Nunavut, Canada, and for M. neglecta Sikorski Bick, 2004 from Washington, USA.
Topics: Animals; Annelida; Phylogeny; Polychaeta
PubMed: 35391004
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3 -
PloS One 2019Amblyosyllis is a worldwide distributed group of annelids mainly found in coastal environments. It is well known among the polychaete specialists mostly because of its...
Amblyosyllis is a worldwide distributed group of annelids mainly found in coastal environments. It is well known among the polychaete specialists mostly because of its notable beauty, showing bright colourful patterns and outstanding long and coiled appendices. Amblyosyllis is a monophyletic genus easy to identify due to its distinct diagnostic features; however, the species and their boundaries are, in most cases, not well defined. Herein, we provide an extensive sample of Amblyosyllis material (115 specimens) from several world geographic areas. We have studied the morphological features of each specimen and photographed them alive. Two mitochondrial DNA markers (COI and 16S) and one nuclear gene fragment (28S, D1 region) were sequenced. We performed phylogenetic analyses based on each DNA partition, as well as the combined data sets, obtaining congruent results. Species delimitation methods such as distance analyses, statistical parsimony networks and multi-rate Poisson tree processes were also applied. The combined results obtained from different methodologies and data sets are used to differentiate between, at least, 19 lineages compatible with the separately evolving meta-populations species concept. Four of these lineages are identified as nominal species, including the type species of Amblyosyllis, A. rhombeata. For three other lineages previously synonymized names are recovered, and seven lineages are described as new species. All of these species are described and supported by appropriate iconography. We recognize several morphological characters useful to identify species of Amblyosyllis, which in some cases should also be combined with molecular methods for species delineation. The genetic divergence in the genus is high, contrary to the morphological homogeneity observed. Two species show a wide geographical distribution, while the rest have a more restricted distribution. There are several examples of species with overlapping distribution patterns.
Topics: Animals; Annelida; DNA, Mitochondrial; Phylogeny; Phylogeography; Polychaeta; Species Specificity
PubMed: 30970025
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214211 -
Zootaxa May 2023Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1866 are described from the southeast coast of Australia. With the presence of only compound spinigers and the branchiae present...
Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1866 are described from the southeast coast of Australia. With the presence of only compound spinigers and the branchiae present over many chaetigers, Marphysa baudini n. sp. belongs to the Sanguinea-group. This species has ventral cirri with an inflated base and digitiform tip and thick and wide anodont pectinate chaetae, with 3-5 internal long and thick teeth. With the presence of only compound falcigers, Marphysa davidattenboroughi n. sp., belongs to the "Aenea-group". This species is characterised by the presence of a bilobed prostomium, a single pair of pygidial cirri and by the presence of thick, and wide anodont pectinate chaetae with 4-6 long internal and thick teeth.
Topics: Animals; Annelida; Polychaeta; South Australia
PubMed: 37518328
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.1.5 -
Doklady Biological Sciences :... Jun 2022The anatomical and histological structure of the trophosome of the giant vestimentiferan Riftiapachyptila has been studied. The trophosome consists of longitudinally...
The anatomical and histological structure of the trophosome of the giant vestimentiferan Riftiapachyptila has been studied. The trophosome consists of longitudinally oriented cords. The cords of the trophosome intertwine, form diverticula and anastomose with each other. Each cord has an axial blood vessel inside, which is connected to afferent vessels on the surface of the cord by radial capillaries. Based on the data on the structure and development of the trophosome, it is suggested that the evolutionary precursor of the trophosome was a blood network connecting the ventral and dorsal vessels. The cells of the coelomic lining on the surface of the vessels grew and gave rise to the parenchymal tissue of the trophosome. At the same time, the trophosome developed from two sources, namely: due to the coelomic lining on the surface of the vessels of the intestinal plexus and due to the coelomic lining on the surface of the vessels of the circulatory plexus of the body wall.
Topics: Animals; Annelida; Polychaeta
PubMed: 35298753
DOI: 10.1134/S0012496622010082 -
Zootaxa Oct 2020The present study is a review of all known Australian and New Zealand orbiniid species with their redescription based mainly on the collection of the Australian Museum...
The present study is a review of all known Australian and New Zealand orbiniid species with their redescription based mainly on the collection of the Australian Museum (Sydney). A total of 28 species were examined: seven species of Scoloplos, three species of Leitoscoloplos, five species of Leodamas, three species of Naineris, two species of Orbinia, three species of Phylo, one species of Proscoloplos, and four species of Protoariciella. Leodamas australiensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979) is the new combination. Illustrated descriptions and an identification key for Australian and New Zealand orbiniids are provided.
Topics: Animal Distribution; Animals; Annelida; Australia; Polychaeta
PubMed: 33055877
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4860.4.1