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Scientific Reports Jan 2022Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a pandemic affecting billions of people worldwide. Apart from the extreme global economic...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a pandemic affecting billions of people worldwide. Apart from the extreme global economic impact, the pandemic will likely have a lasting impact through long-term sequelae not yet fully understood. Fully understanding the mechanisms driving the various symptoms and sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection will allow for the eventual development of therapeutics to prevent or treat such life-altering symptoms. In this study, we developed a behavioral test of anosmia in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. We find a moderately strong correlation between the level of anosmia and the score of histological damage within the olfactory epithelium. We also find a moderately strong correlation between the level of anosmia and the thickness of the olfactory epithelium, previously demonstrated to be severely damaged upon infection. Thus, this food-searching behavioral test can act as a simple and effective screening method in a hamster model for various therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2-related anosmia.
Topics: Animals; Anosmia; Behavior, Animal; COVID-19; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cricetinae; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Mesocricetus; Olfactory Mucosa; Recovery of Function; Vero Cells
PubMed: 35022504
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04622-9 -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Sep 2022
Topics: Anosmia; COVID-19; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35797021
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.1575 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2021
Topics: Anosmia; COVID-19; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33992555
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.04.007 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2023
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Anosmia; Prospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Olfaction Disorders
PubMed: 37328360
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.06.003 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Sep 2020We investigated the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in adult patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of infection with severe acute respiratory distress... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
We investigated the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in adult patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of infection with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
METHODS
This was a retrospective observational analysis of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to hospital or managed in the community and their household contacts across a London population during the period March 1st to April 1st, 2020. Symptomatology and duration were extracted from routinely collected clinical data and follow-up telephone consultations. Descriptive statistics were used.
RESULTS
Of 386 patients, 141 (92 community patients, 49 discharged inpatients) were included for analysis; 77/141 (55%) reported anosmia and ageusia, nine reported only ageusia and three only anosmia. The median onset of anosmia in relation to onset of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) symptoms (as defined by the Public Health England case definition) was 4 days (interquartile range (IQR) 5). Median duration of anosmia was 8 days (IQR 16). Median duration of COVID-19 symptoms in community patients was 10 days (IQR 8) versus 18 days (IQR 13.5) in admitted patients. As of April 1, 45 patients had ongoing COVID-19 symptoms and/or anosmia; 107/141 (76%) patients had household contacts, and of 185 non-tested household contacts 79 (43%) had COVID-19 symptoms with 46/79 (58%) reporting anosmia. Six household contacts had anosmia only.
CONCLUSIONS
Over half of the positive patients reported anosmia and ageusia, suggesting that these should be added to the case definition and used to guide self-isolation protocols. This adaptation may be integral to case findings in the absence of population-level testing. Until we have successful population-level vaccination coverage, these steps remain critical in the current and future waves of this pandemic.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ageusia; Anosmia; COVID-19; Female; Humans; London; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 32502645
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.026 -
Journal of Endocrinological... May 2021
Topics: Adult; Ageusia; Anosmia; COVID-19; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 33512687
DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01516-5 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Feb 2021
Topics: Aged; Anosmia; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prefrontal Cortex; SARS-CoV-2; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33079131
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa294 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Jan 2023To monitor olfactory/gustatory dysfunction and its relationship to SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in an adolescent population.
BACKGROUND
To monitor olfactory/gustatory dysfunction and its relationship to SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in an adolescent population.
METHODS
Adolescents with changes in olfactory/gustatory functions were enrolled in a 15-month study. The patients were evaluated with 1) SNOT-22, 2) pediatric smell wheel, and 3) SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. The relationship between these scores and length of anosmia, and the amount of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were assessed. A brain MRI was performed in cases of persistent special sensory symptoms.
RESULTS
Eighteen patients were identified with smell and/or taste complaints. Most of the patients were female (67%) and median age was 15 years (range 11-17). Twelve patients had prior SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, with only five patients with a positive result. The median SNOT-22 score was 16 (range 0-52) and the median smell wheel score was 6.5 (range 1-11). Patients with taste difficulty were more likely to have a score less than eight. 78% of the patients tested positive for antibodies and there was a strong negative correlation between smell wheel score and antibody level (Spearman, ρ = -0.798, p = 0.002). Five patients underwent MRI scan, and all resulted as normal olfactory bulb structures. 66% received nasal corticosteroids. 11 patients presented in follow up.
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents presenting to a pediatric ENT clinic during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were likely to have prolonged (>6 weeks) symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. The majority do not report positive PCR testing result but do report systemic symptoms including anosmia. This suggests that anosmia may be both a late and prolonged symptom of SARS-CoV-2.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Female; Child; Male; SARS-CoV-2; Anosmia; COVID-19; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibody Formation; Olfaction Disorders; Smell; Antibodies, Viral; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 36463663
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111403 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Dec 2023Background and aim It has been shown that olfactory dysfunction is one of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)common and puzzling symptoms that may persist weeks after...
UNLABELLED
Background and aim It has been shown that olfactory dysfunction is one of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)common and puzzling symptoms that may persist weeks after the infection. This study aimed for the objective assessment of persisting olfactory dysfunction in post-COVID-19 patients. It also investigated the factors associated with the development of such symptoms in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study that was conducted in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia. One hundred and forty-seven participants were included in this study, and sixty of them agreed to participate in the objective testing using the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfaction test.
RESULTS
There was a significant correlation between the following factors: (1) Persistence of anosmia/hyposmia and the time of onset of anosmia/hyposmia (P=0.015). (2) Persistence of anosmia/hyposmia and the duration of anosmia/hyposmia (P=0.012). (3) Duration of anosmia/hyposmia and the duration of COVID-19 symptoms (P=0.010). Interestingly, there was a significant association between the subjective participants' claim of anosmia/hyposmia and the score of their objective assessment (P=0.026).
CONCLUSION
The current study demonstrated that post-COVID-19 participants with delayed onset of anosmia/hyposmia and/or longer duration of either anosmia/hyposmia or COVID-19 symptoms were prone to have persistent olfactory dysfunction. Further studies are necessary to uncover the underlying pathophysiology and management of this olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Anosmia; Cross-Sectional Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Saudi Arabia; Olfaction Disorders
PubMed: 38054673
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.15130 -
Saudi Medical Journal Jan 2021To assess the prevalence of anosmia in coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) patients. Coronavirus-19-related anosmia and hyposmia is a new emerging concept in the medical...
OBJECTIVES
To assess the prevalence of anosmia in coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) patients. Coronavirus-19-related anosmia and hyposmia is a new emerging concept in the medical literature.
METHODS
A retrospective study on COVID-19 patients with anosmia and hyposmia was performed during the period between May-July, 2020. The inclusion criteria were all clinically stable COVID-19 patients less than 15 years old with positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Patients who refused to participate or leave incomplete questions were excluded. In this study, we investigated 1022 patients who met our criteria.
RESULTS
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) was reported by 53% of our COVID-19 patients, of which 32.7% were anosmic and 20.3% were hyposmic. Other neurological symptoms included ageusia (51.4%), fatigue (63%), myalgia (59.2%), and headache (50.9%), all of which showed significant association with OD. In addition, anosmia had a significant association with young age and female gender. However, there was no association between OD and pre-existing neurological disease.
CONCLUSION
Half of our COVID-19 patients presented OD (anosmia/hyposmia), which often associated with ageusia and many neurological symptoms.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Ageusia; Anosmia; COVID-19; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing; Fatigue; Headache; Humans; Middle Aged; Myalgia; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; SARS-CoV-2; Saudi Arabia; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 33399169
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.1.25588