-
Amino Acids Mar 2020Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-L-histidine), and... (Review)
Review
Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-L-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health.
Topics: Animals; Anserine; Carnosine; Cattle; Creatine; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Nutritive Value; Red Meat; Taurine
PubMed: 32072297
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02823-6 -
Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 2010Knee pain is a common complaint in clinical practice, and pes anserinus tendino-bursitis syndrome (PATB) has been frequently diagnosed based only on clinical features... (Review)
Review
Knee pain is a common complaint in clinical practice, and pes anserinus tendino-bursitis syndrome (PATB) has been frequently diagnosed based only on clinical features that may cause equivocal interpretations. Patients complain of characteristic spontaneous medial knee pain with tenderness in the inferomedial aspect of the joint. Studies with different imaging modalities have been undertaken during the last years to identify whether these patients suffer from bursitis, tendinitis, or both. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the structural defect responsible for this disturbance. Due to these problems and some controversies, we suggest the term "anserine syndrome" for this condition. Diabetes Mellitus is a known predisposing factor for this syndrome. Overweight and osteoarthritis seem to represent additional risk factors; however, their role in the pathophysiology of the disease is not yet understood. Treatment includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, and injections of corticosteroid, with highly variable responses, from 10 days to 36 months to achieve recovery. The lack of knowledge about its epidemiological, etiological, and pathophysiological aspects requires future studies for this common and intriguing disorder.
Topics: Bursitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Knee Joint; Syndrome; Tendinopathy
PubMed: 21125167
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Pediatrics Jun 2020
Topics: Anserine; Humans
PubMed: 32562413
DOI: No ID Found -
Amino Acids Jan 2019
Topics: Animals; Anserine; Biomedical Research; Carnosine; Humans
PubMed: 30617755
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-02689-9 -
Physiological Reports Oct 2023We evaluated whether anserine, a methylated analog of the dipeptide carnosine, is present in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of humans and whether the CARNMT1 gene,...
We evaluated whether anserine, a methylated analog of the dipeptide carnosine, is present in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of humans and whether the CARNMT1 gene, which encodes the anserine synthesizing enzyme carnosine-N-methyltransferase, is expressed in human skeletal muscle. We found that anserine is present at low concentrations (low micromolar range) in both cardiac and skeletal muscles, and that anserine content in skeletal muscle is ~15 times higher than in cardiac muscle (cardiac muscle: 10.1 ± 13.4 μmol·kg of dry muscle, n = 12; skeletal muscle: 158.1 ± 68.5 μmol·kg of dry muscle, n = 11, p < 0.0001). Anserine content in the heart was highly variable between individuals, ranging from 1.4 to 45.4 μmol·kg of dry muscle, but anserine content was not associated with sex, age, or body mass. We also showed that CARNMT1 gene is poorly expressed in skeletal muscle (n = 10). This is the first study to demonstrate that anserine is present in the ventricle of the human heart. The presence of anserine in human heart and the confirmation of its expression in human skeletal muscle open new avenues of investigation on the specific and differential physiological functions of histidine dipeptides in striated muscles.
Topics: Humans; Anserine; Carnosine; Muscle, Skeletal; Dipeptides; Myocardium
PubMed: 37771070
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15833 -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual Mar 2021
PubMed: 33747628
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1102a19 -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2017
PubMed: 28217481
DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.198773 -
Southern Medical Journal Apr 1997A commonly missed malady of older patients' knees is anserine bursitis, which often accompanies osteoarthritis. I briefly review the condition and discuss physical... (Review)
Review
A commonly missed malady of older patients' knees is anserine bursitis, which often accompanies osteoarthritis. I briefly review the condition and discuss physical examination, epidemiology, imaging, differential diagnosis, and treatment.
Topics: Bursitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Knee Joint; Osteoarthritis
PubMed: 9114825
DOI: 10.1097/00007611-199704000-00002 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Anserine and carnosine have nephroprotective actions; hydrogen sulfide (HS) protects from ischemic tissue damage, and the underlying mechanisms are debated. In view of...
Anserine and carnosine have nephroprotective actions; hydrogen sulfide (HS) protects from ischemic tissue damage, and the underlying mechanisms are debated. In view of their common interaction with HSP70, we studied possible interactions of both dipeptides with HS. HS formation was measured in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2); three endothelial cell lines (HUVEC, HUAEC, MCEC); and in renal murine tissue of wild-type (WT), carnosinase-1 knockout -KO) and -KO mice. Diabetes was induced by streptozocin. Incubation with carnosine increased HS synthesis capacity in tubular cells, as well as with anserine in all three endothelial cell lines. HS dose-dependently reduced anserine/carnosine degradation rate by serum and recombinant carnosinase-1 (CN1). Endothelial -KO reduced HS formation and abolished the stimulation by anserine and could be restored by transfection. In female -KO mice, kidney HS formation was halved. In -KO mice, kidney anserine concentrations were several-fold and sex-specifically increased. Kidney HS formation capacity was increased 2-3-fold in female mice and correlated with anserine and carnosine concentrations. In diabetic -KO mice, renal anserine and carnosine concentrations as well as HS formation capacity were markedly reduced compared to non-diabetic -KO littermates. Anserine and carnosine induce HS formation in a cell-type and Hsp70-specific manner within a positive feedback loop with CN1.
PubMed: 36670928
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010066