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American Journal of Physical... Jan 2018Biological Anthropology studies the variation and evolution of living humans, non-human primates, and extinct ancestors and for this reason the field should be in an...
Biological Anthropology studies the variation and evolution of living humans, non-human primates, and extinct ancestors and for this reason the field should be in an ideal position to attract scientists from a variety of backgrounds who have different views and experiences. However, the origin and history of the discipline, anecdotal observations, self-reports, and recent surveys suggest the field has significant barriers to attracting scholars of color. For a variety of reasons, including quantitative research that demonstrates that diverse groups do better science, the discipline should strive to achieve a more diverse composition. Here we discuss the background and underpinnings of the current and historical dearth of diversity in Biological Anthropology in the U.S. specifically as it relates to representation of minority and underrepresented minority (URM) (or racialized minority) scholars. We trace this lack of diversity to underlying issues of recruitment and retention in the STEM sciences generally, to the history of Anthropology particularly around questions of race-science, and to the absence of Anthropology at many minority-serving institutions, especially HBCUs, a situation that forestalls pathways to the discipline for many minority students. The AAPA Committee on Diversity (COD) was conceived as a means of assessing and improving diversity within the discipline, and we detail the history of the COD since its inception in 2006. Prior to the COD there were no systematic AAPA efforts to consider ethnoracial diversity in our ranks and no programming around questions of diversity and inclusion. Departmental survey data collected by the COD indicate that undergraduate majors in Biological Anthropology are remarkably diverse, but that the discipline loses these scholars between undergraduate and graduate school and systematically up rank. Our analysis of recent membership demographic survey data (2014 and 2017) shows Biological Anthropology to have less ethnoracial diversity than even the affiliated STEM disciplines of Biology and Anatomy; nearly 87% of AAPA members in the United States identify as white and just 7% as URM scholars. These data also suggest that the intersection of race and gender significantly influence scholarly representation. In response to these data, we describe a substantial body of programs that have been developed by the COD to improve diversity in our ranks. Through these programs we identify principal concerns that contribute to the loss of scholars of color from the discipline at different stages in their careers, propose other directions that programming for recruitment should take, and discuss the beginnings of how to develop a more inclusive discipline at all career stages.
Topics: Anthropology; Biology; Cultural Diversity; Faculty; Humans; Racial Groups; United States
PubMed: 29380881
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23382 -
Arkhiv Anatomii, Gistologii I... Nov 1987
Review
Topics: Anthropology; Anthropology, Physical; History, 20th Century; Research; USSR
PubMed: 3328588
DOI: No ID Found -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) 1991The apocalyptic threat of AIDS, combined with recent ethnological developments, is promoting an anthropological "rediscovery of sex." If this rediscovery is to have... (Review)
Review
The apocalyptic threat of AIDS, combined with recent ethnological developments, is promoting an anthropological "rediscovery of sex." If this rediscovery is to have important and lasting effects on the development of theory, a stock-taking is in order--one which examines anthropology's historical, methodological, and practical relationship to the study of sexual behavior. Parallel theoretical directions taken in both American and British anthropology, starting in the late 1920's, resulted in a disciplinary departure from the study of sexuality, as such; sexual behavior became shielded from analytic view by a more abstract, propositional approach to society and culture. In addition to reviewing these historical trends, the paper considers elements of personal privacy and intrasocietal variation in the anthropology of sex and, with illustrations taken from the Ilahita Arapesh of northeastern Papua New Guinea, proposes that the locus of sexual behavior and experience lies in the interaction of cultural ideas and psychobiological impulses.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anthropology; Ceremonial Behavior; Coitus; Culture; Female; Humans; Love; Male; Menstruation; Papua New Guinea; Penis; Self Mutilation; Sexual Behavior; United Kingdom; United States
PubMed: 1745913
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90258-e -
Medicina Nei Secoli 2015Demography evaluates the traits of human populations mainly by measuring their sizes and fluctuations. Due to their features, the archeological population structures...
Demography evaluates the traits of human populations mainly by measuring their sizes and fluctuations. Due to their features, the archeological population structures refer to the distribution of people based both on sex and age at death. These parameters have a direct impact on the risk of death because they vary significantly with age and sex and this is reflected in a proportional sharing of deaths in several groups at risk. This chapter deals with the demographic structure of several imperial communities scattered through the roman Suburbium. A whole sample of almost 3500 skeletons pertaining to 12 necropolis has been analyzed in order to determine the gender and the age at death. Each necropolis is contextualized according to information about people lifestyle and health, trying to deepen our knowledge on the death risk exposure for every population. Our results suggest to consider the imperial Suburbiumn population as a very complex landscape, where several communities were featured by their different way to face the socio-economic and biologic environments.
Topics: Anthropology, Physical; Archaeology; Burial; Cemeteries; Demography; Female; History, Ancient; Humans; Male; Roman World; Rome
PubMed: 27348988
DOI: No ID Found -
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) Apr 2015
Topics: Anthropology, Medical; Archaeology; Austria; Humans; Paleopathology
PubMed: 25860796
DOI: 10.1007/s10354-015-0352-y -
Bulletin of the New York Academy of... Dec 1956
Topics: Anthropology; Humans
PubMed: 13374476
DOI: No ID Found -
History of Science Mar 2022This essay traces the connected histories of Portuguese and French anthropology in the late nineteenth century. By looking at a Portuguese scientific institution, the...
This essay traces the connected histories of Portuguese and French anthropology in the late nineteenth century. By looking at a Portuguese scientific institution, the Carlos Ribeiro Society, it considers how French race science, known as , was adopted and adapted across the European Latin world as a type of "stranger-science." That is: as an authoritative outsider scientific formation, installed into national terrain in accordance with insider strategies for turning foreign elements into native forms of scientific sovereignty and modernity. French anthropology's international diffusion becomes meaningful in the light of the Portuguese incorporating what was foreign and modern as a means to generate vitality, and authority endogenously in their own national context. Hence, addressing the circulation of stranger-sciences can pave the way for an original conceptualizing of the transnational life of race science across and even beyond the Latin world.
Topics: Anthropology; Internationality
PubMed: 29682996
DOI: 10.1177/0073275318755291 -
Trends in Ecology & Evolution Aug 2022Hunter-gatherers past and present live in complex societies, and the structure of these can be assessed using social networks. We outline how the integration of new...
Hunter-gatherers past and present live in complex societies, and the structure of these can be assessed using social networks. We outline how the integration of new evidence from cultural evolution experiments, computer simulations, ethnography, and archaeology open new research horizons to understand the role of social networks in cultural evolution.
Topics: Anthropology, Cultural; Archaeology; Cultural Evolution
PubMed: 35659425
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.007 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Jan 1992This paper argues that forensic anthropology is more than just physical anthropology, but should incorporate several subdisciplinary perspectives into a framework of...
This paper argues that forensic anthropology is more than just physical anthropology, but should incorporate several subdisciplinary perspectives into a framework of mortuary anthropology. The advantage of this holistic approach is to provide context for the primary roles of physical anthropologists; identification of victims, and assessing manner of death. Mortuary anthropology provides information on processes of disposal and site formation, including the regularity, sequencing, and timing of events, which is complementary to the traditional roles of physical anthropologists. A call is made for more widespread application of this perspective.
Topics: Anthropology, Cultural; Anthropology, Physical; Archaeology; Cause of Death; Forensic Medicine; Holistic Health; Humans; Mortuary Practice; Role
PubMed: 1738863
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90087-7 -
South American Indian Studies Mar 1994
Topics: Americas; Anthropology; Anthropology, Cultural; Culture; Demography; Developing Countries; Ethnicity; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fertility; Indians, South American; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Social Change; Social Sciences; South America
PubMed: 12319062
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-12950-8_1