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Current Opinion in Biotechnology Dec 2002Phage display has proven to be a robust and convenient technology for the selection of high-quality human antibodies from diverse libraries. Besides enabling the... (Review)
Review
Phage display has proven to be a robust and convenient technology for the selection of high-quality human antibodies from diverse libraries. Besides enabling the identification of antibodies in a fast, high-throughput mode, which allows comprehensive protein expression analyses, phage display has been used to identify a fully human therapeutic antibody presently undergoing the regulatory process for market approval.
Topics: Antibodies; Antibody Specificity; Bacteriophages; Genes, Immunoglobulin; Peptide Library
PubMed: 12482520
DOI: 10.1016/s0958-1669(02)00380-4 -
Lancet (London, England) Mar 1990
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Antigens, Neoplasm; Ascitic Fluid; Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 1968544
DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90768-z -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology Mar 2019To provide an overview of the complexities associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mediated platelet refractoriness. HLA antibody detection technologies and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To provide an overview of the complexities associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mediated platelet refractoriness. HLA antibody detection technologies and limitations associated with methodologies are discussed.
METHODS
A case scenario and review of relevant literature describing platelet refractoriness are presented, followed by a discussion of HLA antibody testing.
RESULTS
Following diagnosis of HLA-mediated refractoriness, a decision is made regarding the approach to obtain the appropriate platelets. The panel reactive antibodies (PRA) % of the patient, HLA typing, and limitations of the HLA testing should be taken into account when deciding which type of product would be the best option for a given patient.
CONCLUSIONS
Following confirmation and review of HLA antibody testing, platelets are ordered based upon the PRA% and approach employed, HLA-matched platelets, antigen restricted platelets, or cross-matched platelets. The platelets are transfused and a posttransfusion increment count is monitored to determine transfusion success.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Antibody Specificity; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Blood Platelets; Female; HLA Antigens; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Platelet Transfusion; Thrombocytopenia; Transfusion Reaction
PubMed: 30285067
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy121 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2012Validation of antibodies is an integral part of translational research, particularly for biomarker discovery. Validation is essential to show the specificity of the...
Validation of antibodies is an integral part of translational research, particularly for biomarker discovery. Validation is essential to show the specificity of the reagent (antibody) and to confirm the identity of the protein biomarker, prior to implementing the biomarker in clinical studies.Antibody validation is the procedure in which a single antibody is thoroughly assayed for sensitivity and specificity. Although a plethora of commercial antibodies exist, antibody specificity must be thoroughly demonstrated using a complex biological sample, rather than a recombinant protein, prior to use in clinical translational research. In the simplest iteration, antibody specificity is determined by the presence of a single band in a complex biological sample, at the expected molecular weight, on a western blot.Numerous western blotting procedures are available, spanning the spectrum of single blots to multiplex blots, with images and quantitation generated by manual or automated systems. The basic principles of western blotting are (a) separation of protein mixtures by gel electrophoresis, (b) transfer of the proteins to a blot, (c) probing the blot for a protein or proteins of interest, and (d) subsequent detection of the protein by chemiluminescent, fluorescent, or colorimetric methods. This chapter focuses on the chemiluminescent detection of proteins using a manual western blotting system and a vacuum-enhanced detection system (SNAP i.d.™, Millipore).
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Specificity; Blotting, Western; Humans; Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 22081344
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-216-2_10 -
Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del... Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Antibody Specificity; Coombs Test; Erythrocytes; Anemia
PubMed: 37677096
DOI: 10.2450/BloodTransfus.473 -
MAbs 2021Antibody-based drugs, which now represent the dominant biologic therapeutic modality, are used to modulate disparate signaling pathways across diverse disease... (Review)
Review
Antibody-based drugs, which now represent the dominant biologic therapeutic modality, are used to modulate disparate signaling pathways across diverse disease indications. One fundamental premise that has driven this therapeutic antibody revolution is the belief that each monoclonal antibody exhibits exquisitely specific binding to a single-drug target. Herein, we review emerging evidence in antibody off-target binding and relate current key findings to the risk of failure in therapeutic development. We further summarize the current state of understanding of structural mechanisms underpining the different phenomena that may drive polyreactivity and polyspecificity, and highlight current thinking on how de-risking studies may be best implemented in the screening triage. We conclude with a summary of what we believe to be key observations in the field to date, and a call for the wider antibody research community to work together to build the tools needed to maximize our understanding in this nascent area.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34780320
DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1999195 -
Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology Jan 2018Since the serendipitous discovery of heavy-chain antibodies in Camelidae 20 years ago, the smallest single-domain antigen-binding fragment, known as VHH or nanobody, has... (Review)
Review
Since the serendipitous discovery of heavy-chain antibodies in Camelidae 20 years ago, the smallest single-domain antigen-binding fragment, known as VHH or nanobody, has received growing attention. In comparison with traditional antibodies, VHHs performs equally high specificity and affinity and low toxicity to targets, and has the ability to inhibit the formation of enzymes and enter the receptor gap. Hence, VHHs has been recently regarded as the highly valued protein and applied in multiple fields, including fundamental research, diagnosis, therapeutics, food science, etc. Today, based on the past achievements, an increasing number of academic and industrial groups begin to explore innovative VHH applications. In this review, we make a thorough retrospect of the unique features and explore novel implementations of VHHs in diverse forms in different fields. In addition, we also propose the potential future issues and problems of VHHs in many fields.
Topics: Antibodies; Antibody Specificity; Enzymes; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; Nanotechnology
PubMed: 29463363
DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2018.2463 -
Seikagaku. the Journal of Japanese... Feb 2006
Review
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Specificity; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens; Drug Design; Epitopes; Escherichia coli; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fragments; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Protein Engineering; Proteins; Solubility; Thermodynamics
PubMed: 16541800
DOI: No ID Found -
Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift Fur... May 1976
Review
Topics: Antibody Specificity; Binding Sites, Antibody; Epitopes; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; Immunoglobulin Light Chains; Protein Conformation
PubMed: 61159
DOI: No ID Found -
Transfusion Medicine Reviews Jul 1989Over eighty years have passed since Donath and Landsteiner identified the syndrome of PCH and reported an in vitro test for its diagnosis. The accuracy of their... (Review)
Review
Over eighty years have passed since Donath and Landsteiner identified the syndrome of PCH and reported an in vitro test for its diagnosis. The accuracy of their observations, and the usefulness of the DL procedure has persisted. PCH has been investigated over the years providing further information regarding antibody specificity and serological characteristics. However, the etiology of the syndrome remains to be elucidated. PCH, which was once thought to be rare and associated primarily with congenital syphilis, is not encountered as one of the most common causes of acute transient hemolytic anemia in young children.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibody Specificity; Cold Temperature; Diagnosis, Differential; Hematologic Tests; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Humans; Serologic Tests
PubMed: 2520556
DOI: 10.1016/s0887-7963(89)70082-1