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Journal of the Neurological Sciences Oct 1976Twenty-three patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), resistant to steroid therapy, were treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and prednisone (30...
Twenty-three patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), resistant to steroid therapy, were treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and prednisone (30 mg by mouth daily). Twelve patients completed a full course of therapy (2 ml ALG i.m. daily for 2 weeks and 2 ml i.m. on alternate days for 2 weeks) and 6 others completed at least 2 weeks of daily injections. Six patients experienced an overall improvement of at least 15% using a comprehensive neurological scoring system. Three other patients had limited, but functionally useful improvement in specific neurologic functions. Six months after the completion of therapy, no patient had deteriorated to a level of function below that noted prior to treatment. Adverse reactions, which often necessitated stopping treatment, included fever, local inflammatory reactions, local rash, general malaise, mild anaphylactoid reactions, and enlargement and tenderness of regional lymph nodes. Because of the short duration of immunosuppression and the toxic side effects of ALG, we do not feel that ALG treatment yet deserves to be intorduced as a standard treatment in clinical practice. However, the improvement or arrest of progression seen in these patients who were deteriorating progressively despite steroid therapy would seem to justify a continued search for a safer method of suppressing immunity in MS patients.
Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 978212
DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(76)90179-9 -
Journal D'urologie Et de Nephrologie Sep 1969
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Antilymphocyte Serum; Haplorhini; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Skin Transplantation
PubMed: 4997175
DOI: No ID Found -
Postgraduate Medical Journal 1976This paper reviews the rosette inhibition test for the evaluation of antilymphocyte serum potency and reappraises the biological significance of the assay. Evidence is...
This paper reviews the rosette inhibition test for the evaluation of antilymphocyte serum potency and reappraises the biological significance of the assay. Evidence is also presented which indicates the presence, in antilymphocyte serum, of immune complexes.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Antigens; Antilymphocyte Serum; Immunologic Techniques; Rats
PubMed: 792845
DOI: No ID Found -
North Carolina Medical Journal Nov 1984
Review
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 6392893
DOI: No ID Found -
Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan [Progress in... Oct 1997
Review
Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Immune Tolerance; Injections; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Thymus Gland
PubMed: 11038698
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Apr 2002Organ donors also offer a source of insulin-producing tissue that might be used for the treatment of diabetes. Clinical protocols for transplantation of this tissue aim... (Review)
Review
Organ donors also offer a source of insulin-producing tissue that might be used for the treatment of diabetes. Clinical protocols for transplantation of this tissue aim for the prevention of chronic diabetes complications without introducing new serious side effects. Pancreas and islet cell transplantation are discussed in this perspective. The future of islet cell implants looks favorable but depends on finding ways to induce immune tolerance to the donor beta cells. Clinical trials can take advantage of relevant progress in animal models. In a limited study, recipient treatment with antilymphocyte antibodies and culture of donor cell preparations appeared useful to induce a state of operational immune tolerance in type 1 diabetic patients, as indirectly judged by graft survival and by analysis of auto- and alloreactivities in recipients. Use of cultured beta cell preparations also allows donor cell recruitment from suboptimal donor organs and increases the degree of standardization and quality control of islet cell grafts. The future of these grafts will depend on the development of techniques for the neogenesis of beta cells.
Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Cell Culture Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Islets of Langerhans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Transplantation Tolerance
PubMed: 12021085
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02948.x -
Bone Marrow Transplantation Apr 2019Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG (Thymoglobulin)) kills T cells in vitro and probably also in vivo as it prevents graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) in patients. Recently...
Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG (Thymoglobulin)) kills T cells in vitro and probably also in vivo as it prevents graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) in patients. Recently we demonstrated that ATG at a clinically relevant concentration (10-50 mg/L) kills in vitro not only T cells but also leukemic blasts. In the present study, we investigated whether ATG kills not only leukemic blasts but also leukemic stem cells (LSCs). We used a flow cytometric assay of complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC). ATG-induced death of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells from patients newly diagnosed with AML was measured among blasts as well as LSCs. At 10 mg/L ATG, blasts but not LSCs were killed. At 50 mg/L ATG, both blasts and LSCs were killed. We also measured ATG-mediated killing of healthy individuals' hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Median 2% HSCs from blood and 15% HSCs from filgrastim-mobilized grafts were killed with 50 mg/L ATG, compared to 30% LSCs from the blood of AML patients (p = 0.001 and 0.022, respectively). In conclusion, LSCs are sensitive to ATG, however, only at a relatively high ATG concentration. At that concentration, LSCs are killed to a higher degree than HSCs.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Middle Aged; Rabbits; Young Adult
PubMed: 30108326
DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0296-0 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral... Mar 1971
Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Benz(a)Anthracenes; Cheek
PubMed: 5277387
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(71)90157-5 -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology Apr 1984Patients receiving antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) of equine origin, for prophylactic immunosuppression following renal transplantation or for rejection episodes, develop...
Patients receiving antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) of equine origin, for prophylactic immunosuppression following renal transplantation or for rejection episodes, develop a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), mainly of the IgG type. This finding may be observed as early as the first day following the administration of ALG. The cause for the positive DAT is due to the presence of antihorse globulin in the reagent antiglobulin serum reacting with ALG antigenic material coating the patients' red blood cells. The serum of some of these patients also may result in incompatible cross-matches. These serums and all of the eluates react with donor and reagent red blood cells demonstrating no particular blood group specificity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Blood Transfusion; Coombs Test; Female; Horses; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Time Factors
PubMed: 6702755
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/81.4.514 -
Clinical and Experimental Immunology Jan 1977Methodological problems which affect the assessment of humoral effects on mitogenic reactivity include: (1) the source and concentration of serum used to support cell...
Serum effects of mitogenic reactivity in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma. Technical considerations and lack of correlation with anti-lymphocyte antibodies.
Methodological problems which affect the assessment of humoral effects on mitogenic reactivity include: (1) the source and concentration of serum used to support cell cultures; (2) the day to-day variability of inhibitory effects and (3) the specific activity of [3H]thymidine added to the culture. These problems were alleviated by addition of half concentration (7-5%) of pooled normal human serum to all cultures, the intoruction of anti-lymphocyte serum as a suitable internal control for monitoring the suppressability of lymphocytes and a reduction of specific activity of the [3H]thymidine to 1-3 C2/mM. Inhibitory factors were loosely bound to the lymphocyte surface and eluted off after incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 hr. Cells from twenty-five subjects and paired controls were cultured simultaneously in medium containing either 15% normal human serum (NHS) or 7-5% patient and 7-5% NHS. The cells were stimulated with various dilutions of phytohaemagglutinin, Con A or pokeweed mitogen. Lupus serums suppressed the reactivity of autologous lymphocytes to PHA and pokeweed mitogen. Serums from subjects with RA and scleroderma did not significantly inhibit blastogenesis of autologous lymphocytes. One-half of the lupus serums significantly inhibited the reactivity of homologous lymphocytes to two of three mitogens. Only one of eight scleroderma serums and none of twelve RA serums and none of twelve RA serums had this effect. All patients serums were examined for antilymphocyte antibodies by microcytotoxicity and immunofluorescent techniques. These antibodies were usually found in SLE, and were often observed in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis but not scleroderma. A firm relationship between serum suppressors of lymphocyte blastogenesis and anti-lymphocyte antibodies was not found.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mitogens; Scleroderma, Systemic
PubMed: 849643
DOI: No ID Found