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Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal... Feb 2008
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Factors; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 18288917
DOI: 10.2174/187152008783497019 -
Cancer Treatment Reviews Jan 1994
Review
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Camptothecin; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Resistance; Humans; Irinotecan; Neoplasms; Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; Topotecan
PubMed: 8293429
DOI: 10.1016/0305-7372(94)90011-6 -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2019
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Discovery; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 31592751
DOI: 10.2174/156802661917190828111439 -
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal... Jun 2010For thousands of years medicine and natural products have been closely linked through the use of traditional medicines and natural poisons. Mushrooms have an established... (Review)
Review
For thousands of years medicine and natural products have been closely linked through the use of traditional medicines and natural poisons. Mushrooms have an established history of use in traditional oriental medicine, where most medicinal mushroom preparations are regarded as a tonic, that is, they have beneficial health effects without known negative side-effects and can be moderately used on a regular basis without harm. Mushrooms comprise a vast and yet largely untapped source of powerful new pharmaceutical products. In particular, and most importantly for modern medicine, they represent an unlimited source of compounds which are modulators of tumour cell growth. Furthermore, they may have potential as functional foods and sources of novel molecules. We will review the compounds with antitumor potential identified so far in mushrooms, including low-molecular-weight (LMW, e.g. quinones, cerebrosides, isoflavones, catechols, amines, triacylglycerols, sesquiterpenes, steroids, organic germanium and selenium) and high-molecular-weight compounds (HMW, e.g. homo and heteroglucans, glycans, glycoproteins, glycopeptides, proteoglycans, proteins and RNA-protein complexes).
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Molecular Weight; Neoplasms
PubMed: 20545620
DOI: 10.2174/1871520611009050424 -
Journal of Occupational and... 2015Although nurses are knowledgeable regarding the risk of exposure to antineoplastic drugs, they often do not adhere with safe work practices. However, the knowledge,...
Although nurses are knowledgeable regarding the risk of exposure to antineoplastic drugs, they often do not adhere with safe work practices. However, the knowledge, perceptions, and behavior of other health care job categories at risk of exposure has yet to be determined. This study aimed to survey a range of health care workers from British Columbia, Canada about their knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors regarding antineoplastic drugs. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to participants querying the degree of contact with antineoplastics, knowledge of risks associated with antineoplastics, perceptions of personal risk, previous training with respect to antineoplastics, and safe work practices. Subjects were recruited from health care facilities in and around Vancouver. Fisher's exact tests were performed to ascertain whether there were differences in responses between job categories. We received responses from 120 participants representing seven different job categories. Pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and nurses were more knowledgeable regarding risks than other job categories examined (statistically significant difference). Although 80% of respondents were not afraid of working with or near antineoplastics, there were concerns about the suitability of current control measures and practices employed by co-workers. Only half of respondents felt confident that they could handle all situations where there was a potential for exposure. Only one of the perception questions, self-perceived risk of exposure to antineoplastic drugs, differed significantly between job categories. Not all respondents always wore gloves when directly handling antineoplastic drugs. Further, hand hygiene was not regularly practiced after glove usage or after being in an area where antineoplastic drugs are handled. The majority of responses to questions related to safe work practices differed significantly between job categories. Our results suggest that knowledge regarding risks associated with antineoplastic drugs can be improved, especially among job categories that are not tasked with drug preparation or drug administration. There is also a gap between knowledge and compliance with glove usage and hand hygiene.Training is also recommended to improve health care workers' perceptions of the risks associated with antineoplastic drugs.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; British Columbia; Female; Gloves, Protective; Hand Hygiene; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Risk; Safety Management; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25897641
DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1029618 -
PloS One 2018To review the scientific literature related to the safe handling of hazardous drugs (HDs). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the scientific literature related to the safe handling of hazardous drugs (HDs).
METHOD
Critical analysis of works retrieved from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINHAL, Web of Science and LILACS using the terms "Hazardous Substances", "Antineoplastic Agents" and "Cytostatic Agents", applying "Humans" and "Guidelines" as filters. Date of search: January 2017.
RESULTS
In total, 1100 references were retrieved, and from those, 61 documents were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 24 (39.3%) documents related to recommendations about HDs; 27 (44.3%) about antineoplastic agents, and 10 (33.3%) about other types of substances (monoclonal antibodies, gene medicine and other chemical and biological agents). In 14 (23.3%) guides, all the stages in the manipulation process involving a risk due to exposure were considered. Only one guide addressed all stages of the handling process of HDs (including stages with and without the risk of exposure). The most described stages were drug preparation (41 guides, 67.2%), staff training and/or patient education (38 guides, 62.3%), and administration (37 guides, 60.7%). No standardized informatics system was found that ensured quality management, traceability and minimization of the risks associated with these drugs.
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the analysed guidelines limit their recommendations to the manipulation of antineoplastics. The most frequently described activities were preparation, training, and administration. It would be convenient to apply ICTs (Information and Communications Technologies) to manage processes involving HDs in a more complete and simpler fashion.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Education, Medical, Continuing; Humans; Medical Staff; Patient Education as Topic; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 29750798
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197172 -
International Ophthalmology Aug 2017To assess and compare the studies conducted in the literature with recurrence rates and the summary of the justified treatment approaches be presented. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To assess and compare the studies conducted in the literature with recurrence rates and the summary of the justified treatment approaches be presented.
METHOD
Pterygium, a fibrovascular tissue that proceeds from the bulbar conjunctiva towards the cornea, is quite a commonly seen ocular surface deterioration. The treatment is performed through a surgical excision, and the frequent recurrence of this disorder, despite the developments of today, is the major problem experienced in the wake of the surgery. There are various treatment methods applied for the prevention of recurrence; yet, there is no definite view as to what treatment is the most effective one. Since the recurrent pterygium cases are more aggressive than the primary pterygium, it is of great importance to determine the treatment method in which recurrence rate is the lowest. In different studies seen in the literature, there is difficulty in comparing the results due to the fact that the follow-up periods, recurrence criteria and the doses and durations of the medications administered differ from one another.
CONCLUSION
When the literature is reviewed, the bare sclera technique is not used due to the high rate of recurrence, whereas successful results can be achieved through the conjunctival autograft technique. Lower recurrence rates have been reported along with the administration of mitomycin C, 5-FU and other agents that were used as an adjuvant treatment.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Conjunctiva; Humans; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Pterygium; Recurrence; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 27664148
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-016-0358-5 -
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1983Determinants of host-drug interaction comprise a complex of potentially variable factors. The complexity of this variability compromises the forecasting of favorable...
Determinants of host-drug interaction comprise a complex of potentially variable factors. The complexity of this variability compromises the forecasting of favorable response in individual patients given standard therapy. Substantial success with current forms of chemotherapy may require that biochemical, pharmacologic, and clinical profiles be established for each cancer patient whereby the use of drug and drug combination can be rationally applied. The significance of evaluating clinical pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with cancer is placed in perspective with other factors relevant to individual drug response.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biotransformation; Humans; Kinetics; Neoplasms
PubMed: 6853745
DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb02707.x -
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling Dec 2009Redox dysregulation originating from metabolic alterations and dependence on mitogenic and survival signaling through reactive oxygen species represents a specific... (Review)
Review
Redox dysregulation originating from metabolic alterations and dependence on mitogenic and survival signaling through reactive oxygen species represents a specific vulnerability of malignant cells that can be selectively targeted by redox chemotherapeutics. This review will present an update on drug discovery, target identification, and mechanisms of action of experimental redox chemotherapeutics with a focus on pro- and antioxidant redox modulators now in advanced phases of preclinal and clinical development. Recent research indicates that numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes exert their functions in part through redox mechanisms amenable to pharmacological intervention by redox chemotherapeutics. The pleiotropic action of many redox chemotherapeutics that involves simultaneous modulation of multiple redox sensitive targets can overcome cancer cell drug resistance originating from redundancy of oncogenic signaling and rapid mutation.Moreover, some redox chemotherapeutics may function according to the concept of synthetic lethality (i.e., drug cytotoxicity is confined to cancer cells that display loss of function mutations in tumor suppressor genes or upregulation of oncogene expression). The impressive number of ongoing clinical trials that examine therapeutic performance of novel redox drugs in cancer patients demonstrates that redox chemotherapy has made the crucial transition from bench to bedside.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 19496700
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2541 -
Chemosphere Apr 2000Some pharmaceuticals such as antineoplastics are carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and fetotoxic. Antineoplastics and their metabolites are excreted by patients into... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Some pharmaceuticals such as antineoplastics are carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and fetotoxic. Antineoplastics and their metabolites are excreted by patients into waste water. In laboratory testing the frequently used isomeric anti-tumour agents cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IF) were shown to be not biodegradable. They are not eliminated in municipal sewage treatment plants and therefore detected in their effluents. Structural related compounds are beta-D-glucosylisophosphoramidmustard (beta-D-Glc-IPM; INN = glufosfamide) and beta-L-glucosylisophosphoramidmustard (beta-L-Glc-IPM). beta-L-Glc-IPM has no antineoplastic effects whereas beta-D-Glc-IPM is active against tumours. In contrast to IF and CP and almost all other investigated antineoplastics beta-D-Glc-IPM is inherently biodegradable. Improved biodegradability of beta-D-Glc-IPM compared to IF shows that reducing the impact of pharmaceuticals on the aquatic environment is feasible by changing the chemical structure of a given compound exerting a similar mode of action and therapeutic activity. Stereochemistry may be crucial for pharmaceutical activity of the compounds as well as for its biodegradability in the environment.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cell Division; Glucose; Glycosylation; Ifosfamide; Isomerism; Phosphoramide Mustards; Pseudomonas putida; Sewage; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 10705555
DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00451-8