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Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2022The antioxidant ability is the link and bridge connecting a variety of biological activities. Citrus flavonoids play an essential role in regulating oxidative stress and... (Review)
Review
The antioxidant ability is the link and bridge connecting a variety of biological activities. Citrus flavonoids play an essential role in regulating oxidative stress and are an important source of daily intake of antioxidant supplements. Many studies have shown that citrus flavonoids promote health through antioxidation. In this review, the biosynthesis, composition and distribution of citrus flavonoids were concluded. The detection methods of antioxidant capacity of citrus flavonoids were divided into four categories: chemical, cellular, animal and clinical antioxidant capacity evaluation systems. The modeling methods, applicable scenarios, and their relative merits were compared based on these four systems. The antioxidant functions of citrus flavonoids under different evaluation systems were also discussed, especially the regulation of the Nrf2-antioxidases pathway. Some shortcomings in the current research were pointed out, and some suggestions for progress were put forward.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Citrus; Flavonoids; Health Promotion; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 33435726
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1870035 -
Current Drug Targets 2017The natural polysaccharides contain plant polysaccharides, animal polysaccharides and microbial polysaccharides. They are a kind of biological macromolecules with immune... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The natural polysaccharides contain plant polysaccharides, animal polysaccharides and microbial polysaccharides. They are a kind of biological macromolecules with immune regulation, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue and anti-aging effects.
OBJECTIVE
These effects are related to their antioxidant properties.
RESULTS
The action mechanisms of antioxidation and scavenging free radicals for natural polysaccharides were reviewed. The recent research progresses and our work on antioxidant properties of polysaccharides and their derivatives were summarized. At last, the existing problems of antioxidant polysaccharides were analyzed, and the development prospects were also presented.
CONCLUSION
It is important to study the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides and their derivatives for the development of natural antioxidants.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Biological Products; Plants; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 28117001
DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170123145357 -
Redox Report : Communications in Free... Jul 2016Oxidative stress results from a prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance, leading to cellular damage. It is mediated by free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species or... (Review)
Review
Oxidative stress results from a prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance, leading to cellular damage. It is mediated by free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species, that are generated during physiological aerobic metabolism and pathological inflammatory processes. Skin serves as a protective organ that plays an important role in defending both external and internal toxic stimuli and maintaining homeostasis. It is becoming increasingly evident that oxidative stress is involved in numerous skin diseases and that antioxidative strategies can serve as effective and easy methods for improving these conditions. Herein, we review dysregulated antioxidant systems and antioxidative therapeutic strategies in dermatology.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Dermatology; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Skin
PubMed: 26020527
DOI: 10.1179/1351000215Y.0000000015 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2021Folium Artemisiae Argyi (FAA) is one kind of Chinese herbal medicine with a long history. It has widespread pharmacological activities such as antibacterial,...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Folium Artemisiae Argyi (FAA) is one kind of Chinese herbal medicine with a long history. It has widespread pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and hemostatic, among others. FAA is traditionally used for the treatment of eczema, respiratory diseases and gynecological diseases for hundreds of years. Flavonoids are reported as the main components of them. Recent studies focused on the antioxidant effect of its flavonoids in vitro, while few studies focused on the antioxidant effect in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Folium Artemisia Argyi flavonoids (FAAF) and explore its possible molecular mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans. The research and development of its medicinal value will beneficial to the resource utilization of FAA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Firstly, FAAF was prepared, purified and then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using LC-DAD-MS. Then, 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were applied to investigate the antioxidant effect of FAAF in vitro. Meanwhile, a stress resistance assay was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effect of FAAF in vivo. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were determined to ascertain whether FAAF can increase the oxidant defense system of nematodes and reduce the accumulation of ROS. Lipofuscin and protein carbonylation assays were employed to test whether FAAF can increase the antioxidant capacity of nematodes to resist the growth health indicators related to antioxidation. At last, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of genes related to antioxidation. The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was further investigated using a fluorescence microscope in transgenic strains (SOD-3::GFP, GST-4::GFP, and HSP-16.2::GFP).
RESULTS
FAAF exhibited a strong antioxidant capacity and enhanced stress resistance in C. elegans. FAAF reduced ROS accumulation and improved the antioxidant defense system under acute stress. Moreover, FAAF prevented the accumulation of lipofuscin and protein carbonylation in C. elegans. FAAF also upregulated the gene expression levels of hsp-16.2, gst-4, sod-3, skn-1, daf-16, ctl-2, hsf-1 and increased SOD-3::GFP and GST-4::GFP expression.
CONCLUSION
These results demonstrated that FAAF exerted antioxidant activity in C. elegans. It was perhaps regulated by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Artemisia; Caenorhabditis elegans; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flavonoids; Plant Extracts; Reactive Oxygen Species; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 34242729
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114398 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2022In the history of modern nutritional science, understanding antioxidants is one of the major topics. In many cases, food-derived antioxidants have π conjugate or thiol... (Review)
Review
In the history of modern nutritional science, understanding antioxidants is one of the major topics. In many cases, food-derived antioxidants have π conjugate or thiol group in their molecular structures because π conjugate stabilizes radical by its delocalization and two thiol groups form a disulfide bond in its antioxidative process. In recent years, antioxidant peptides have received much attention because for their ability to scavenge free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, chelation of transition metal ions, as well as their additional nutritional value. Among them, dipeptides are attracting much interest as post-amino acids, which have residues in common with amino acids, but also have different physiological properties and functions from those of amino acids. Especially, dipeptides containing moieties of several amino acid (tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, and methionine) possess potent antioxidant activity. This review summarizes previous details of structural property, radical scavenging activity, and biological activity of antioxidant dipeptide. Hopefully, this review will help provide a new insight into the study of the biological functions of antioxidant dipeptides.
Topics: Amino Acids; Antioxidants; Dipeptides; Food Additives; Lipid Peroxidation; Sulfhydryl Compounds
PubMed: 35768247
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.162 -
Theranostics 2020Liver is the principal detoxifying organ and metabolizes various compounds that produce free radicals (FR) constantly. To maintain the oxidative/antioxidative balance in... (Review)
Review
Liver is the principal detoxifying organ and metabolizes various compounds that produce free radicals (FR) constantly. To maintain the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the liver, antioxidants would scavenge FR by preventing tissue damage through FR formation, scavenging, or by enhancing their decomposition. The disruption of this balance therefore leads to oxidative stress and in turn leads to the onset of various diseases. Supplying the liver with exogeneous antioxidants is an effective way to recreate the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the liver homeostasis. Nevertheless, due to the short half-life and instability of antioxidants in circulation, the methodology for delivering antioxidants to the liver needs to be improved. Nanocarrier mediated delivery of antioxidants proved to be an ingenious way to safely and efficiently deliver a high payload of antioxidants into the liver for circumventing liver diseases. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the role of reactive oxygen species (oxidant) and ROS scavengers (antioxidant) in liver diseases. Subsequently, current nanocarrier mediated antioxidant delivery methods for liver diseases are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Drug Carriers; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases; Nanoparticles; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 31938064
DOI: 10.7150/thno.38834 -
Physiological Measurement Apr 2007Chemical reactions, including oxidation and reduction of molecules, occur in every cell. These reactions can lead to the production of free radicals. Free radicals react... (Review)
Review
Chemical reactions, including oxidation and reduction of molecules, occur in every cell. These reactions can lead to the production of free radicals. Free radicals react with organic substrates such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Through oxidation free radicals cause damage to these molecules, disturbing their normal function, and may therefore contribute to a variety of diseases. The anti-oxidation system, which consists of enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants, defends against oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to summarize general aspects of methods to measure the antioxidant defence system all in one (total antioxidant capacity) and discuss a number of methods which are currently used for detection of antioxidant properties.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biological Assay; Biosensing Techniques; Microarray Analysis; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 17395989
DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/28/4/R01 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Feb 2020The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of polysaccharides extracted by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were reviewed. An ascending dose-dependent manner was... (Review)
Review
The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of polysaccharides extracted by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were reviewed. An ascending dose-dependent manner was found for the in vitro antioxidant (e.g., nitrite scavenging, phospho-molybdenum reduction, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (ILP), ferric reducing power, and ferrous metal ions chelating), and antiradical (against DPPH, OH, ABTS, NO, and O) activities. There was a positive and significant correlation between ILP and erythrocyte hemolysis inhibition, showing the excellent antioxidative properties to prevent the risk of cell damage. These carbohydrate-based polymers in vivo could reduce malonaldehyde and protein carbonyls and increase stress-resistance-related enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. They showed an effective bactericidal activity against a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections. The in vitro strong antifungal and antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharides extracted by MAE were also diagnosed without any cytotoxicity effect. Therefore, these biomacromolecules might be used to develop functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Humans; Microwaves; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 31826454
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115421 -
Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2017In recent years, the antioxidant effects of polysaccharides have become a hot spot in the field of polysaccharide research. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the antioxidant effects of polysaccharides have become a hot spot in the field of polysaccharide research.
METHOD
Herein, the action mechanisms of polysaccharide antioxidation and scavenging free radicals were analyzed. The research progresses on the preparation methods and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides and their derivatives were summarized.
CONCLUSION
Investigating the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides and their derivatives can find useful polysaccharides and their derivatives, which have great potential as natural antioxidants used in functional foods or medicines.
Topics: Althaea; Antioxidants; Ficus; Plant Extracts; Polysaccharides; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 28093971
DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170116114657 -
Food Chemistry Apr 2016Cereal grains and products have gained popularity in contributing to healthy eating behavior because of their antioxidant properties associated with protection against... (Review)
Review
Cereal grains and products have gained popularity in contributing to healthy eating behavior because of their antioxidant properties associated with protection against chronic diseases. In this review, notable studies on the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of commonly consumed cereal grains are summarized. Cereals contain phytochemicals or certain minor components with antioxidant properties. The antioxidant potential of cereals depends on their bioaccessibility, absorption in the gastrointestinal and their bioavailability utilization in vivo. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation of cereals increased their antioxidant potentials which are significantly correlated with their total phenolic contents. Most studies performed in vivo have been concerned with the antioxidant properties of colored rice, wheat bran and rye products. There are inadequate in vitro and in vivo studies on antioxidative potentials of fermented versus unfermented cereals. Therefore, further studies are necessary to maximize possible health benefits of cereal antioxidative phytochemicals.
Topics: Antioxidants; Edible Grain; Humans; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 26593469
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.021