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Meditsinskaia Sestra Mar 1952
Topics: Antisepsis; Asepsis; Humans
PubMed: 14918915
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Infection Control May 2013
Topics: Antisepsis; Disinfection; Humans; Sterilization
PubMed: 23622739
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.12.003 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1967
Topics: Antisepsis; History, 19th Century; Surgical Wound Infection; United Kingdom
PubMed: 5336180
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5543.7 -
British Medical Journal Jun 1970
Topics: Antisepsis; Cross Infection; History, 19th Century; Scotland
PubMed: 4913788
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5712.794-a -
AORN Journal Oct 1976
Topics: Antisepsis; Asepsis; Operating Rooms; Sterilization
PubMed: 1049530
DOI: 10.1016/s0001-2092(07)63774-0 -
The Journal of Hospital Infection Nov 2016Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) is an antimicrobial agent used for different types of applications in hand hygiene, skin antisepsis, oral care, and patient washing.... (Review)
Review
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) is an antimicrobial agent used for different types of applications in hand hygiene, skin antisepsis, oral care, and patient washing. Increasing use raises concern regarding development of acquired bacterial resistance. Published data from clinical isolates with CHG minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were reviewed and compared to epidemiological cut-off values to determine resistance. CHG resistance is rarely found in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase-negative staphylococci. In Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Providencia spp. and Enterococcus spp., however, isolates are more often CHG resistant. CHG resistance may be detected in multi-resistant isolates such as extremely drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Isolates with a higher MIC are often less susceptible to CHG for disinfection. Although cross-resistance to antibiotics remains controversial, some studies indicate that the overall exposure to CHG increases the risk for resistance to some antibiotic agents. Resistance to CHG has resulted in numerous outbreaks and healthcare-associated infections. On an average intensive care unit, most of the CHG exposure would be explained by hand hygiene agents when liquid soaps or alcohol-based hand rubs contain CHG. Exposure to sub-lethal CHG concentration may enhance resistance in Acinetobacter spp., K. pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas spp., all species well known for emerging antibiotic resistance. In order to reduce additional selection pressure in nosocomial pathogens it seems to make sense to restrict the valuable agent CHG to those indications with a clear patient benefit and to eliminate it from applications without any benefit or with a doubtful benefit.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antisepsis; Bacteria; Chlorhexidine; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Utilization; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 27671220
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.08.018 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Jun 1959
Topics: Antisepsis; General Surgery; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 14424469
DOI: No ID Found -
Infection Control and Hospital... Aug 1988
Topics: Antisepsis; Asepsis; Hand Disinfection; History, 19th Century; Humans; Hungary
PubMed: 3049781
DOI: 10.1086/645889 -
Die Pharmazie Jun 1961
Topics: Antisepsis; Asepsis
PubMed: 13748195
DOI: No ID Found -
Review of Surgery 1970
Topics: Antisepsis; Europe; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century
PubMed: 4918488
DOI: No ID Found