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Viruses Oct 2020Curcumin, the primary curcuminoid compound found in turmeric spice, has shown broad activity as an antimicrobial agent, limiting the replication of many different fungi,... (Review)
Review
Curcumin, the primary curcuminoid compound found in turmeric spice, has shown broad activity as an antimicrobial agent, limiting the replication of many different fungi, bacteria and viruses. In this review, we summarize recent studies supporting the development of curcumin and its derivatives as broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Curcuma; Curcumin; DNA Viruses; Humans; Mice; RNA Viruses; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 33142686
DOI: 10.3390/v12111242 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2020Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now a global outbreak of disease. The antiviral treatment... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now a global outbreak of disease. The antiviral treatment acts as one of the most important means of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Alteration of physiological characteristics in special populations may lead to the change in drug pharmacokinetics, which may result in treatment failure or increased adverse drug reactions. Some potential drugs have shown antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2 infections, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, interferon alpha, and remedsivir. Here, we reviewed the literature on clinical effects in COVID-19 patients of these antiviral agents and provided the potential antiviral agent options for pregnant women, elderly patients, liver or renal dysfunction patients, and severe or critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy or ECMO after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Topics: Aged; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Pregnancy; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 32801640
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S259058 -
Biomedical Journal Oct 2020Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe... (Review)
Review
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been resulting in global epidemics with heavy morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, there are currently no specific medicines that can better treat these coronaviruses. Drug repurposing is an effective and economical strategy for drug discovery from existing drugs, natural products, and synthetic compounds. In this review, the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of valinomycin (VAL), especially its activity against coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), were summarized, it highlights that VAL has tremendous potential for use as a novel antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Humans; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; Treatment Outcome; Valinomycin; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33012699
DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.006 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Oct 2020Baloxavir marboxil (formerly S-033188) is a prodrug of baloxavir acid (S-033447) and inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease, an essential protein involved in the initiation... (Review)
Review
Baloxavir marboxil (formerly S-033188) is a prodrug of baloxavir acid (S-033447) and inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease, an essential protein involved in the initiation of viral transcription by cleaving capped mRNA bound to PB2. Its adverse event profile is comparable to oseltamivir but is still vulnerable to resistance. The single-dose baloxavir marboxil is an appealing antiviral regimen for the treatment of influenza among outpatients when compared with longer, twice-daily regimens of oral and inhaled neuraminidase inhibitors. This review focuses on the mode of action, antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical indications, and safety profiles of this drug. Considerations for formulary addition and its place in therapy are also discussed.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Dibenzothiepins; Humans; Influenza, Human; Morpholines; Pyridones; Triazines
PubMed: 32020174
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa107 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Jan 2021FDA approved for parasitic indications, the small molecule ivermectin has been the focus of growing attention in the last 8 years due to its potential as an antiviral.... (Review)
Review
FDA approved for parasitic indications, the small molecule ivermectin has been the focus of growing attention in the last 8 years due to its potential as an antiviral. We first identified ivermectin in a high throughput compound library screen as an agent potently able to inhibit recognition of the nuclear localizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) integrase protein by the host importin (IMP) α/β1 heterodimer, and recently demonstrated its ability to bind directly to IMPα to cause conformational changes that prevent its function in nuclear import of key viral as well as host proteins. Cell culture experiments have shown robust antiviral action towards a whole range of viruses, including HIV-1, dengue, Zika and West Nile Virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Chikungunya, pseudorabies virus, adenovirus, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Close to 70 clinical trials are currently in progress worldwide for SARS-CoV-2. Although few of these studies have been completed, the results that are available, as well as those from observational/retrospective studies, indicate clinical benefit. Here we discuss the case for ivermectin as a host-directed broad-spectrum antiviral agent, including for SARS-CoV-2.
Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Ivermectin; SARS-CoV-2; alpha Karyopherins; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33341233
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.042 -
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Oct 2020Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid extracted and purified from the aerial parts of plants belonging to genus Andrographis (Acanthaceae). The research has shown the... (Review)
Review
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid extracted and purified from the aerial parts of plants belonging to genus Andrographis (Acanthaceae). The research has shown the plant based compound is low cytotoxic, having antimicrobial, anti-cancer, antiviral and anti-parasitic effects. Andrographolide both prevent spread as well as transmission of virus to neighboring cells by interfering with different cell signaling pathways. In addition to its medicinal value, plant has been found having nutritional value. Therefore being cost effective, easy availability and having nutritional value as a natural supplement, can be used to improve the quality of life in countries having low standard of living. Due to the limited number of effective vaccines, the plant-based antiviral drugs have provided considerable hope for fighting against the viral infections. The plant-derived compound when produced in large quantities is cost effective with low cytotoxic effects. However, much deep insight research at the molecular level is needed to develop the molecules against the viral infection. This paper aims to highlight the antiviral role of Andrographolide that can made significant contributions toward the improvement of human health and will also summarize the current status and future strategies concerning the therapeutic applications of Andrographolide to combat different viral disease in humans.
Topics: Andrographis; Animals; Antioxidants; Antiviral Agents; Autophagy; Cytoprotection; Diterpenes; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 33039055
DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(20)60016-4 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jan 2023Plant virus disease is the second most prevalent plant diseases and can cause extensive loss in global agricultural economy. Extensive work has been carried out on the... (Review)
Review
Plant virus disease is the second most prevalent plant diseases and can cause extensive loss in global agricultural economy. Extensive work has been carried out on the development of novel antiplant virus agents for preventing and treating plant virus diseases. In this review, we summarize the achievements of the research and development of new antiviral agents in the recent five years and provide our own perspective on the future development in this highly active research field.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 36625507
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07315 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023The goal of an antiviral agent research is to find an antiviral drug that reduces viral growth without harming healthy cells. Transformations of the virus, new viral... (Review)
Review
The goal of an antiviral agent research is to find an antiviral drug that reduces viral growth without harming healthy cells. Transformations of the virus, new viral strain developments, the resistance of viral pathogens, and side effects are the current challenges in terms of discovering antiviral drugs. The time has come and it is now essential to discover a natural antiviral agent that has the potential to destroy viruses without causing resistance or other unintended side effects. The pharmacological potency of thymoquinone (TQ) against different communicable and non-communicable diseases has been proven by various studies, and TQ is considered to be a safe antiviral substitute. Adjunctive immunomodulatory effects in addition to the antiviral potency of TQ makes it a major compound against viral infection through modulating the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, decreasing the cytokine storm, and inhibiting endothelial dysfunction. Nevertheless, TQ's low oral bioavailability, short half-life, poor water solubility, and conventional formulation are barriers to achieving its optimal pharmacologic benefits. Nano-formulation proposes numerous ways to overcome these obstacles through a small particle size, a big surface area, and a variety of surface modifications. Nano-based pharmaceutical innovations to combat viral infections using TQ are a promising approach to treating surmounting viral infections.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Benzoquinones; Solubility; Particle Size
PubMed: 37513307
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145435 -
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology &... Jan 2016Minocycline is a second-generation semi-synthetic derivative of tetracycline and has well-known anti-bacterial effects. The drug possesses anti-inflammatory,... (Review)
Review
Minocycline is a second-generation semi-synthetic derivative of tetracycline and has well-known anti-bacterial effects. The drug possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory effects. The drug is widely used in bacterial infections and non-infectious conditions such as acne, dermatitis, periodontitis and neurodegenerative conditions. Minocycline was shown to have antiviral activity in vitro and also against different viruses in some animal models. Some studies have been done on human patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. We have review the available data regarding minocycline activity as an antiviral agent.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Minocycline; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Failure; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 26177421
DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12444 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Antiviral Agents; Nitric Oxide; Dermatologists
PubMed: 37410052
DOI: No ID Found