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The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Nov 2006To define the characteristics of malignancy we performed routine histology and an immunohistochemical study on seventeen aortic body tumors in dogs. We essayed tumors... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
To define the characteristics of malignancy we performed routine histology and an immunohistochemical study on seventeen aortic body tumors in dogs. We essayed tumors using a panel of immunohistochemical markers: neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CrA) and S-100. Among 17 cases, the neoplastic cells were positive for NSE (17 cases, 100%), S-100 (9 cases, 53%), and CrA (8 cases, 47%), respectively. The sustentacular cells density and chief cell staining intensity were both inversely related to tumor grade. The most relevant data was consistent with a negative staining of S-100 correlated with absence or decreased number of sustentacular cells in tumors grade III. This report indicates that the immunohistochemical panel has utility for the diagnosis of chemodectoma and the negative staining to CrA and S-100 markers in tumors grade III expresses an indication of malignant behaviour of the tumor.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Aortic Bodies; Chromogranin A; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms; S100 Proteins; Species Specificity
PubMed: 17146187
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1229 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2000
Topics: Almitrine; Anesthesia; Animals; Aortic Bodies; Biguanides; Blood Pressure; Chemoreceptor Cells; Electrophysiology; Heart Rate; Male; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Respiration
PubMed: 10849721
DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46825-5_79 -
ANZ Journal of Surgery Jan 2019
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Adult; Aftercare; Ganglioneuroblastoma; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Neural Crest; Para-Aortic Bodies; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 28922691
DOI: 10.1111/ans.14157 -
The Journal of Experimental Biology Oct 1982Muscular exercise imposes the most potent sustained stress to cellular energetics. At work rates below the anaerobic threshold (i.e. no sustained lactic acidosis), the... (Review)
Review
Muscular exercise imposes the most potent sustained stress to cellular energetics. At work rates below the anaerobic threshold (i.e. no sustained lactic acidosis), the ventilatory and cardiovascular responses regulate arterial PCO2, [H+] and PO2 at or close to their resting levels in the steady state. However, dynamic forcing and systems-analytic techniques reveal two phases of the non-steady-state response dynamics. In the first phase, increased gas flow to the lungs results solely from increased pulmonary blood flow, with alveolar gas tensions being maintained at their resting levels by a coupled increase in ventilation (VE): evidence for cardiopulmonary coupling being provided by experimentally-altered in man and dog. Arterial chemoreception does not impose humoral feedback control in this phase. Rather, rapid feedforward mechanisms operate, with both intrathoracic (largely cardiac) and exercising-limb mechanoreception proposed as afferent sources. In the second phase, cardiogenic gas flow to the lungs is augmented by altered mixed venous blood gas contents; ventilation responding exponentially with a time constant (tau) which is an inverse function of carotid body gain. The close dynamic coupling of VE with CO2 output (tau VE tau TVCO2) in this phase results in arterial PCO2 and [H+] being maintained close to their resting levels. However, the kinetic dissociation between VE and O2 uptake, with tau VE much greater than tau VO2, leads to an appreciable transient fall of arterial PO2. The respiratory compensation for the sustained lactic acidosis at higher work rates is predominantly mediated by the carotid bodies in man: the aortic bodies subserving no discernible role. Control of the respiratory and circulatory responses to exercise is therefore mediated by both neural and humoral mechanisms: and an important control link appears to couple the responses, via feedforward ventilatory control of cardiac origin.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Heart; Lung; Physical Exertion; Respiration
PubMed: 6816892
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.100.1.175 -
The Japanese Journal of Physiology 1985Control of ventilation at rest and in exercise was studied in subjects whose carotid bodies were bilaterally resected (BR) for the treatment of bronchial asthma some 30... (Review)
Review
Control of ventilation at rest and in exercise was studied in subjects whose carotid bodies were bilaterally resected (BR) for the treatment of bronchial asthma some 30 years ago. Ventilatory activities of the carotid body were estimated to be responsible for about 90% and about 30% of the hypoxic and hypercapnic responses, respectively. The BR subjects still revealed a weak hypoxic chemosensitivity, called residual hypoxic response (RHR). The nature of RHR was discussed in detail. Exercise hyperpnea was found to be depressed in the BR subjects when compared with the subjects with similarly impared pulmonary function. This result appears to support the oscillation hypothesis in explaining exercise hyperpnea.
Topics: Aged; Aortic Bodies; Asthma; Basal Metabolism; Breath Tests; Carotid Body; Chemoreceptor Cells; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Middle Aged; Physical Exertion; Regeneration; Respiration; Vital Capacity
PubMed: 3906209
DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.35.535 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Nov 1998A mobile right-ventricular mass dynamically occluding the right ostium atrioventriculare in the systolic phase was detected in a 3-year-old male Tosa dog by...
A mobile right-ventricular mass dynamically occluding the right ostium atrioventriculare in the systolic phase was detected in a 3-year-old male Tosa dog by echocardiography. At necropsy, multiple tumor masses of various sizes were observed in the heart base right ventricular lumen, myocardium, lung and liver. Dysplasia of tricuspid valve characterized by irregular shape of leaflets, upward malposition of large papillary muscles, and shortened and stout chordae tendineae was also detected. Histopathologically, the tumor cells, arranged in sheets or nests, were polyhedral with lightly eosinophilic and finely granular cytoplasm, and contained a hyperchromatic round or oval nucleus. By Grimelius' silver stain, tumor cells had cytoplasmic positive granules. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells contained characteristic small membrane-limited granules. This is the first report of metastatic intracavitary cardiac aortic body tumor in a dog.
Topics: Animals; Carotid Body Tumor; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Echocardiography; Fatal Outcome; Heart Neoplasms; Male; Myocardium; Tricuspid Valve
PubMed: 9853308
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.60.1251 -
Appetite Apr 2000The dorsal vagal complex in the medulla oblongata is the hub of the central nervous system network that produces vagal cephalic-phase reflexes. The preganglionic motor... (Review)
Review
The dorsal vagal complex in the medulla oblongata is the hub of the central nervous system network that produces vagal cephalic-phase reflexes. The preganglionic motor neurons controlling these cephalic responses of digestion and metabolism are organized topographically in longitudinal columnar subnuclei in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Gustatory and other visceral afferent inputs project into different subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary tract capping the dorsal motor nucleus. Descending projections from more rostral stations of the neuroaxis project to the nuclei of the dorsal vagal complex, providing input both from exteroceptive senses, such as olfaction and vision, and from forebrain areas that modulate reflex strength. Recent structural analyses of the dorsal vagal complex, as well as characterizations of the region's inputs and neurochemistry, have provided a more complete understanding of the neural basis of cephalic-phase responses.
Topics: Aortic Bodies; Digestion; Eating; Food; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Solitary Nucleus; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 10744908
DOI: 10.1006/appe.1999.0279 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Nov 1989A necropsy performed on an aged cat with respiratory signs revealed a large white firm mass cranioventrally to the heart, and multiple similar masses scattered...
A necropsy performed on an aged cat with respiratory signs revealed a large white firm mass cranioventrally to the heart, and multiple similar masses scattered throughout the lungs, diaphragm, pericardial sac and intercostal muscles. The histological examination of the primary site and the metastases are consistent with a well-differentiated aortic body carcinoma.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal; Thoracic Neoplasms
PubMed: 2558129
DOI: 10.1016/0021-9975(89)90030-3 -
Australian Veterinary Journal Jan 1975
Topics: Animals; Aortic Bodies; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Male; Paraganglia, Nonchromaffin; Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal
PubMed: 169783
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1975.tb14497.x -
American Heart Journal Oct 1996
Review
Topics: Aortic Bodies; Baroreflex; Carotid Body; Heart Failure; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reflex; Respiration
PubMed: 8831388
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(96)90333-6