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The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Aug 1970
Topics: Aged; Cystadenoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms; Sweat Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 5470984
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1970.tb00449.x -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Mar 2024Apocrine cystadenoma is a rare, benign adenomatous cystic neoplasm, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. We sought to characterize the clinical,...
BACKGROUND
Apocrine cystadenoma is a rare, benign adenomatous cystic neoplasm, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. We sought to characterize the clinical, dermatoscopic, and histopathologic features of apocrine cystadenoma and its relationship to hidrocystoma.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed cases of apocrine cystadenoma and hidrocystoma retrieved from the dermatopathology laboratory information system.
RESULTS
Of the 350 cases apocrine cystic lesions, 13 cases of apocrine cystadenomas met the inclusion criteria. The age ranged from 20 to 84 years with an average of 64 years. They were long-standing (duration 3-15 years), slow-growing, large tumors usually found on the scalp. Dermatoscopy accentuated translucent light to dark blue color and prominent vessels that were present more at the periphery. All lesions were multilocular with columnar to cuboidal lining and decapitation secretion. A large portion of the lesion consisted of a simple nonproliferative epithelial lining, identical to that observed in apocrine hidrocystomas, while the proliferative adenomatous component made up a smaller portion with two patterns: (1) tubular proliferation, which either protruded into the cystic cavity or expanded outward peripherally, or (2) papillary projections, which were multiple layers thick with fibrovascular core, sometimes accompanied by tubular proliferation. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong staining for p40 and a sparse number of cells stained for Ki-67 and p53.
CONCLUSIONS
The long duration of the lesion and the large areas of simple apocrine epithelial lining suggest that apocrine cystadenomas arise from long-standing apocrine hidrocystomas. However, the retrospective nature of the study from a single institution is a limitation.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Hidrocystoma; Retrospective Studies; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Apocrine Glands; Cystadenoma; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 38084825
DOI: 10.1111/cup.14573 -
The Journal of Dermatology Aug 1996
Review
Topics: Aged; Apocrine Glands; Cystadenoma; Ear Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Japan
PubMed: 8854595
DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1996.tb02657.x -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive...An 83-year-old woman experienced the slow enlargement of a right lower eyelid mass. Histopathologic examination of the excised tissue showed a mucin-filled cystic tumor...
An 83-year-old woman experienced the slow enlargement of a right lower eyelid mass. Histopathologic examination of the excised tissue showed a mucin-filled cystic tumor emanating from an apocrine bilayer that displayed bleb-like apocrine decapitation secretion. The outer flattened myoepithelial layer of the bilayer reacted with immunohistochemical stains for smooth muscle actin and calponin. In foci, the tumor exhibited a cribriform architecture with small pockets of mucin. Tumor cells were reactive for cytokeratin 7, Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein 15 (BRST-2), estrogen and progesterone receptors, androgen receptors, mammaglobin, epithelial membrane antigen, and GATA3. Ki67 showed a very low proliferation fraction. The lesion exemplifies the fourth instance of an eyelid apocrine cystadenoma in the literature.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Hidrocystoma; Eyelids; Cystadenoma; Mucins; Apocrine Glands
PubMed: 37010052
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002396 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2016Cystadenoma of apocrine origin is a tumour of the sweat gland that is benign in nature. Classification of this pathology is based upon histological characteristics plus...
INTRODUCTION
Cystadenoma of apocrine origin is a tumour of the sweat gland that is benign in nature. Classification of this pathology is based upon histological characteristics plus histochemical analysis. Prevalence of cystadenoma has been suggested to be quite rare, in the region of 1 in 1000 of subcutaneous biopsies observed.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
We present a case of a 40 year old man referred by his GP with a suboccipital lump, present for some years. On examination the lump was approximately 4-5cm in diameter and an unusual punctum was present. The patient proceeded to an excision of the lesion and the gross specimen showed characteristics of a multiloculated cyst, measuring some 5cm×3.5cm. Histopathology of the tumour revealed an apocrine cystadenoma; there were no features suggestive of malignancy.
DISCUSSION
Previous classification of cystadenoma via histological and immunohistochemical method; has revealed only two distinct entities and the term hydrocystoma was often used in place of cystadenoma. More recent studies have suggested that a third type can be identified via immunohistochemical analysis. This third type; apocrine hydrocystoma, reveals that those previously defined as eccrine in origin may also be related to the apocrine ducts.
CONCLUSION
Apocrine cystadenoma remains a benign pathology and treatment should be focussed on excision, without need for further intervention. Apocrine cystadenoma remains a relatively rare pathology, though one which should not recur if adequate treatment is given.
PubMed: 26670411
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.11.017 -
Dermatology Online Journal Feb 2020Nevus sebaceus is a benign skin hamartoma of congenital onset that grows during puberty, and in adulthood can develop secondary benign and malignant neoplasms. The most... (Review)
Review
Nevus sebaceus with syringocystadenoma papilliferum, prurigo nodularis, apocrine cystadenoma, basaloid follicular proliferation, and sebaceoma: case report and review of nevus sebaceus-associated conditions.
Nevus sebaceus is a benign skin hamartoma of congenital onset that grows during puberty, and in adulthood can develop secondary benign and malignant neoplasms. The most common benign neoplasms occurring in nevus sebaceus are believed to be syringocystadenoma papilliferum, trichilemmoma, and trichoblastoma. A patient with nevus sebaceus developed not only syringocystadenoma papilliferum but also prurigo nodularis within her hamartomatous lesion; multiple biopsies were necessary to establish the diagnoses. Excision of the residual nevus sebaceus also revealed an apocrine cystadenoma, basaloid follicular proliferation, and sebaceoma. Also, it is important to select the appropriate biopsy site and size when evaluating a patient for secondary neoplasms within their nevus sebaceous. Indeed, more than one biopsy may be required if additional diagnoses are suspected.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn; Prurigo; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Tubular Sweat Gland Adenomas
PubMed: 32239888
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jan 2024Apocrine cystadenomas are rare, benign tumors that might arise in the periocular region from glands of Moll. They characteristically demonstrate proliferative features...
INTRODUCTION
Apocrine cystadenomas are rare, benign tumors that might arise in the periocular region from glands of Moll. They characteristically demonstrate proliferative features on histopathological examination, which differentiate them from simple hidrocystomas.
PRESENTATION OF CASES
We retrospectively identified 4 consecutive cases of apocrine cystadenomas in male patients with a mean age of 48.5 years (range 20-62). One of the cases was a recurrent lesion. The Preoperative clinical diagnosis was mostly hidrocystoma. All patients agreed on complete surgical excision of their cystic lesions. Histopathological review of the excised cysts confirmed the diagnosis of apocrine cystadenoma based on the presence of proliferative features with no atypia or infiltrative behavior. Cases are summarized in Table 1 and the histopathological appearance is demonstrated in the included figure.
DISCUSSION
Apocrine cystadenoma is rare. It occurs in the areas of skin with hair follicles, such as the axilla, neck, and trunk, and may be mistaken for other skin lesions, such as nevi or syringomas. In the eyelid region, they are commonly missed and frequently diagnosed as simple hidrocystoma due to the presence of bluish hue such as in our series. Recurrence is rare but was found in one of our patients at initial presentation. Our series included unique locations of this lesion in the medial canthus in one patient and near the eyelid tarsus in another.
CONCLUSION
Ophthalmologist should be aware of the rare occurrence of this lesion in the periocular region. Further studies to explain the etiology of such proliferative nature in apocrine cysts would be interesting.
PubMed: 38086129
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109085 -
Cancers Jan 2022Cutaneous sweat gland tumors are a subset of adnexal neoplasms that derive or differentiate into the sweat apparatus. Their great diversity, rarity, and complex... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous sweat gland tumors are a subset of adnexal neoplasms that derive or differentiate into the sweat apparatus. Their great diversity, rarity, and complex terminology make their pathological diagnosis challenging. Recent findings have revealed a wide spectrum of oncogenic drivers, several of which are of diagnostic interest for pathologists. Most of these molecular alterations are represented by gene fusions, which are shared with other homologous neoplasms occurring in organs containing exocrine glands, such as salivary and breast glands, which show similarities to the sweat apparatus. This review aims to provide a synthesis of the most recent immunohistochemical and molecular markers used for the diagnosis of sweat gland tumors and to highlight their relationship with similar tumors in other organs. It will cover adenoid cystic carcinoma (, and fusion), cutaneous mixed tumor ( fusion), cylindroma and spiradenoma and their carcinomas thereof (NF-κB activation through inactivation or hotspot mutation), hidradenoma and hidradenocarcinoma ( fusion), myoepithelioma ( and fusion), poroma and porocarcinoma (, and fusion), secretory carcinoma (, fusion), tubular adenoma and syringo-cystadenoma papilliferum ( and activating mutations). Sweat gland tumors for which there are no known molecular abnormalities will also be briefly discussed, as well as potential future developments.
PubMed: 35158743
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030476 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Mar 2021Sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA) is the more appropriate name for sclerosing polycystic adenosis. SPA is an uncommon salivary gland lesion with a constellation of... (Review)
Review
Sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA) is the more appropriate name for sclerosing polycystic adenosis. SPA is an uncommon salivary gland lesion with a constellation of unusual histologic findings that were originally interpreted as analogous to breast fibrocystic changes. The histologic findings in SPA include fibrosis, cystic alterations, apocrine metaplasia, and proliferations of ducts, acini, and myoepithelial cells in variable proportions. Because of its unusual mixed histology, SPA may be confused with a variety of lesions, ranging from reactive conditions to benign or even malignant neoplasms. The features of SPA are reviewed, with an emphasis on resolving its differential diagnosis.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; Cystadenoma; Cytoplasmic Granules; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mutation; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Prognosis; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Sclerosis
PubMed: 33526220
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2020.09.004 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Dec 2007Apocrine cystadenoma (AC) and apocrine hidrocystoma (AH) have been used interchangeably in the literature to designate cystic lesions of apocrine glands.
BACKGROUND
Apocrine cystadenoma (AC) and apocrine hidrocystoma (AH) have been used interchangeably in the literature to designate cystic lesions of apocrine glands.
METHODS
We reviewed 21 cases with biopsies of apocrine cystic lesions diagnosed as AH or AC stained by hematoxylin and eosin. The following histological characteristics were recorded: (a) number of cysts, (b) predominant architectural growth pattern of cyst wall, (c) tumor circumscription, (d) nuclear atypia, (e) mitotic activity, counted per 1 mm2 and (f) Ki-67 staining pattern.
RESULTS
Our findings clearly show that there is a non-proliferative group and a proliferative group among the lesions. In the non-proliferative group, one may see some structures that resemble papillary projections but lack a fibrous core. In the proliferative group, we found true papillae, and this change was associated with atypia, mitotic activity and increased Ki-67 staining.
CONCLUSIONS
Apocrine cystic lesions with true papillary projections should be referred to as AC rather than AH, to emphasize the proliferative adenomatous growth and depicted by their frequency of cytological atypia and high mitotic activity. Furthermore, we suggest complete excision of AC that are proliferative tumors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Apocrine Glands; Child, Preschool; Cystadenoma; Female; Hidrocystoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 18001413
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00757.x