-
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services... Oct 2022Treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and low verbal ability is a largely neglected area of study. Existing research focuses on language abilities;... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and low verbal ability is a largely neglected area of study. Existing research focuses on language abilities; however, a subset of children with ASD also has speech sound disorders (SSDs). The purpose of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with evidence-based recommendations to guide speech assessment and treatment among children with ASD, low verbal ability, and suspected childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).
METHOD
Multifaceted search procedures were used to identify studies that have assessed or treated speech sound production among children with ASD. A narrative review and synthesis of the literature is followed by practical clinical recommendations based on best available evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
It is critically important to consider all possible hindrances to the development of functional communication ability for children with ASD. Speech sound production has been identified as a key predictor of expressive language outcomes, yet there are very few studies that address assessment and treatment of SSDs among children with ASD. Less is known about the presentation of CAS among children with ASD and low verbal ability. More research is needed to determine whether existing speech assessment and treatment methods are appropriate for children with ASD, if modifications are needed, or if new methods should be designed.
Topics: Apraxias; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Child; Humans; Speech; Speech Sound Disorder
PubMed: 35472263
DOI: 10.1044/2022_LSHSS-21-00162 -
Seminars in Neurology Sep 2013Primary progressive aphasia is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive language dysfunction. The majority of primary progressive aphasia cases can be... (Review)
Review
Primary progressive aphasia is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive language dysfunction. The majority of primary progressive aphasia cases can be classified into three subtypes: nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, and logopenic variants. Each variant presents with unique clinical features, and is associated with distinctive underlying pathology and neuroimaging findings. Unlike primary progressive aphasia, apraxia of speech is a disorder that involves inaccurate production of sounds secondary to impaired planning or programming of speech movements. Primary progressive apraxia of speech is a neurodegenerative form of apraxia of speech, and it should be distinguished from primary progressive aphasia given its discrete clinicopathological presentation. Recently, there have been substantial advances in our understanding of these speech and language disorders. The clinical, neuroimaging, and histopathological features of primary progressive aphasia and apraxia of speech are reviewed in this article. The distinctions among these disorders for accurate diagnosis are increasingly important from a prognostic and therapeutic standpoint.
Topics: Aphasia, Primary Progressive; Apraxias; Humans
PubMed: 24234355
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1359317 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Oct 1994A left hemisphere damaged patient with ideomotor apraxia is described, whose performance on pantomime to verbal command was superior to pantomime imitation. His...
A left hemisphere damaged patient with ideomotor apraxia is described, whose performance on pantomime to verbal command was superior to pantomime imitation. His reception of these same gestures (gesture naming) was spared. This syndrome has been named conduction apraxia. To account for this selective impaired performance on gesture imitation, a separation of the representations for gesture production and reception is proposed and a non-lexical gesture processing route for gesture imitation is suggested.
Topics: Aged; Apraxias; Brain; Humans; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 7931387
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.57.10.1241 -
Neuropsychology Review Mar 2009Limb apraxia is a neurological disorder of higher cognitive function characterized by an inability to perform purposeful skilled movements and not attributable to an... (Review)
Review
Limb apraxia is a neurological disorder of higher cognitive function characterized by an inability to perform purposeful skilled movements and not attributable to an elementary sensorimotor dysfunction or comprehension difficulty. Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS) is an akinetic rigid syndrome with asymmetric onset and progression with at least one basal ganglia feature (rigidity, limb dystonia or myoclonus) and one cortical feature (limb apraxia, alien hand syndrome or cortical sensory loss). Even though limb apraxia is highly prevalent in CBS (70-80%), very few studies have examined the performance of CBS patients on praxis measures in detail. This review aims to (1) briefly summarize the clinical, neuroanatomical and pathological findings in CBS, (2) briefly outline what limb apraxia is and how it is assessed, (3) to comprehensively review the literature on limb apraxia in CBS to date and (4) to briefly summarize the literature on other forms of apraxia, such as limb-kinetic apraxia and buccofacial apraxia. Overall, the goal of the review is to bring a model-based perspective to the findings available in the literature to date on limb apraxia in CBS.
Topics: Apraxia, Ideomotor; Apraxias; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Brain; Extremities; Facial Expression; Gestures; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Models, Neurological; Psychomotor Performance; Syndrome
PubMed: 19082735
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-008-9079-5 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2005Apraxia of speech is a communication disorder that can affect stroke patients. Several different intervention strategies are undertaken by speech and language therapists... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Apraxia of speech is a communication disorder that can affect stroke patients. Several different intervention strategies are undertaken by speech and language therapists working with this patient group.
OBJECTIVES
To assess whether therapeutic interventions improve functional speech in stroke patients with apraxia of speech and which individual therapeutic interventions are effective.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (searched May 2004). In addition, we searched the following databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2003); MEDLINE (1966 to April 2004); EMBASE (1980 to April 2004); CINAHL (1982 to April 2004); PsycINFO (1974 to April 2004); the National Research Register (searched April 2004); and Current Controlled Trials Register (searched May 2004). We reviewed reference lists of relevant articles and contacted authors and researchers in an effort to identify published and unpublished trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We sought to include randomised controlled trials of non-drug interventions for adults with apraxia of speech following a stroke where the primary outcome was functional speech at six months follow up.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
One author searched the titles, abstracts and keywords. Two authors examined the abstracts that might meet the inclusion criteria. Four authors were available to assess trial quality and to extract data from eligible studies.
MAIN RESULTS
No trials were identified.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is no evidence from randomised trials to support or refute the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for apraxia of speech. There is a need for high quality randomised trials to be undertaken in this area.
Topics: Apraxias; Articulation Disorders; Humans; Speech Therapy; Stroke
PubMed: 16235357
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004298.pub2 -
Medical Hypotheses 2007Ideomotor apraxia is a cognitive disorder in which the patient loses the ability to accurately perform learned, skilled actions. This is despite normal limb power and...
Ideomotor apraxia is a cognitive disorder in which the patient loses the ability to accurately perform learned, skilled actions. This is despite normal limb power and coordination. It has long been known that left supramarginal gyrus lesions cause bilateral upper limb apraxia and it was proposed that this area stored a visual-kinaesthetic image of the skilled action, which was translated elsewhere in the brain into the pre-requisite movement formula. We hypothesise that, rather than these two functions occurring separately, both are complementary functions of chains of "mirror neurons" within the left inferior parietal lobe. We go on to propose that this neural mechanism in the supramarginal gyrus and its projection zones, which originally evolved to allow the creation of a direct map between vision and movement, was subsequently exapted to allow other sorts of cross-domain mapping and in particular those sorts of abstract re-conceptualisation, such as metaphor, that make mankind unique.
Topics: Animals; Apraxia, Ideomotor; Apraxias; Brain; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Neurological; Models, Theoretical; Neurons; Parietal Lobe
PubMed: 17604567
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.05.017 -
Current Opinion in Neurology Feb 2002Impairments in praxic functioning are common after stroke, most frequently when the left hemisphere is affected. Several recent studies of apraxia after stroke have made... (Review)
Review
Impairments in praxic functioning are common after stroke, most frequently when the left hemisphere is affected. Several recent studies of apraxia after stroke have made advances in understanding the right hemisphere contribution to praxis, particularly for the performance of novel actions. Moreover, quantitative lesion analysis in stroke patients indicates the importance of cortical regions such as the intraparietal sulcus and the middle frontal gyrus for subserving praxic function. Complex neuropsychological models have been developed to account for the many dissociations observed in the types of errors observed in stroke patients. Relatively lacking, however, are models that attempt to relate the neurological data to what is known about praxis from functional neuroimaging in normal subjects and from physiological studies in the monkey. Moreover, a coherent interpretation of the results of apraxia studies remains hampered by the lack of a standard testing instrument to assess the nature and severity of apraxic impairments in the groups tested.
Topics: Apraxias; Humans; Movement Disorders; Stroke
PubMed: 11796953
DOI: 10.1097/00019052-200202000-00011 -
Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study... Apr 1998This paper presents a reconceptualisation of apraxia of speech (AOS) and reviews a range of acoustic and articulatory data which have been reported on apraxia of speech.... (Review)
Review
This paper presents a reconceptualisation of apraxia of speech (AOS) and reviews a range of acoustic and articulatory data which have been reported on apraxia of speech. Data from both domains, and previous theoretical debate are discussed as support for this cognitive-based reconceptualisation.
Topics: Apraxias; Humans; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological; Speech Articulation Tests; Speech Disorders; Voice
PubMed: 9606587
DOI: 10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70749-4 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2008Apraxia is a cognitive disorder that can occur after stroke. It prevents a person from carrying out a learned movement. Various interventions are used to treat apraxia... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Apraxia is a cognitive disorder that can occur after stroke. It prevents a person from carrying out a learned movement. Various interventions are used to treat apraxia but evidence of their benefit has been lacking.
OBJECTIVES
To determine which therapeutic interventions targeted at motor apraxia reduce disability.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched November 2006). In addition, we searched the following databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2006), MEDLINE (1966 to November 2007), EMBASE (1980 to November 2006), CINAHL (1982 to November 2006), PsycINFO (1974 to November 2006), the Research Index of the Occupational Therapy Journal (searched November 2006), REHABDATA (1956 to November 2006), the National Research Register (searched November 2006) and Current Controlled Trials Register (searched November 2006). We reviewed the reference lists of all articles that we identified as relevant. We made efforts to find both published and unpublished trials by writing to key authors and journals.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials of therapeutic intervention for motor apraxia in stroke.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
One review author searched the titles, abstracts and keywords. Four review authors extracted data and analysed trial quality. We contacted investigators for further details of trials if necessary.
MAIN RESULTS
Three trials including a total of 132 participants were included in the review. There was evidence of a small and short-lived therapeutic effect in the two studies that reported change in activities of daily living (102 participants) but this was not considered clinically significant and did not persist at the longer-term follow up.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of specific therapeutic interventions for motor apraxia after stroke. Further research of higher quality is required. As we did not review whether patients with apraxia benefit from rehabilitation input in general, they should continue to receive general stroke rehabilitation services.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Apraxias; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recovery of Function; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 18254038
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004132.pub2 -
International Journal of Language &... Nov 2019There is a growing body of evidence that speech and language therapy (SLT) intervention is effective in improving communication ability for individuals with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is a growing body of evidence that speech and language therapy (SLT) intervention is effective in improving communication ability for individuals with non-progressive acquired apraxia of speech (AOS). However, there is no universally agreed diagnostic standard for AOS, and diverging opinions on its diagnostic features. This has led to claims that diverse diagnostic criteria may be used to select participants for AOS research studies. These claims raise concerns for evidence-based practice in AOS but have yet to be systematically investigated.
AIMS
To determine the presence, nature and extent of diversity in the diagnostic criteria for non-progressive AOS used in both published studies and clinical practice internationally.
METHODS & PROCEDURES
The study used a scoping review methodology that followed the 2005 framework of Arksey and O'Malley and included a consultation exercise in the form of an online survey of international SLTs. The scoping review included 157 studies involving participants with acquired AOS, published between 1997 and 2017. There were 264 respondents to the online survey of SLTs, with a completion rate of 72%. Respondents came from 15 countries and had varying levels of clinical experience.
MAIN CONTRIBUTION
This study found that no common set of diagnostic criteria for AOS was used universally across research and practice. Although the diagnostic criteria used to select participants with AOS were reported explicitly in most studies, they varied from study to study. Some studies used directly conflicting criteria. Use of specific diagnostic criteria in studies was influenced by year of publication but not by location. There was a trend towards increasing consistency in diagnostic criteria in recent years. Compared with the research, the survey revealed relatively greater consistency among SLTs on the speech features considered indicative of AOS, although the SLTs who responded to the survey showed variation in how diagnostic criteria were combined into sets. Use of specific diagnostic criteria was not associated with SLTs' location or experience. There were differences between the diagnostic criteria for AOS used most commonly in research studies and those selected most commonly by SLTs in the survey. These findings have implications for the generalizability of AOS research to clinical practice, as well as implications for effective research synthesis.
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS
The claim that research and practice in the field of AOS is characterized by the use of diverse diagnostic criteria is supported by this scoping review. The findings support the need to develop a universal consensus standard for AOS diagnosis to ensure consistency across research and clinical practice.
Topics: Apraxias; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Language Tests; Speech Disorders; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 31322824
DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12494