-
Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study... Feb 2018Pantomime of tool use is typically affected in neurological patients with apraxia, while at the same time these patients are able to perform the use of the actual tool...
Pantomime of tool use is typically affected in neurological patients with apraxia, while at the same time these patients are able to perform the use of the actual tool with less or no errors. This discrepancy is commonly explained by differences in afferent input, in particular a lack of visual online feedback from the object in pantomime. The present study investigated the role of visual feedback in apraxia of pantomime by testing neurological patients with apraxia and healthy controls in a task requiring the pantomime of tool use as well as real tool use. Visual feedback was systematically removed at different phases of the action using shutter glasses that were controlled online based on real-time motion-capturing. Data analyses revealed more errors in pantomime than in real tool use. These differences were similar in patients as well as in controls. Removal of visual feedback did not affect apractic errors specifically; it neither increased patients' apractic errors during pantomime of tool use nor transformed the patients' normal movements with a real tool into movements with apractic errors. Our findings contradict the hypothesis that apraxia patients pathologically over-rely on visual feedback. Instead, we propose that pantomime of tool use requires cognitive processes that are not necessary for real tool use and independent of visual online feedback.
Topics: Aged; Apraxias; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Feedback, Sensory; Female; Humans; Imagination; Imitative Behavior; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tool Use Behavior
PubMed: 29202356
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.001 -
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services... Oct 2022This prologue introduces the Forum: Care of the Whole Child: Key Considerations When Working With Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech. The goals of the forum are... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This prologue introduces the Forum: Care of the Whole Child: Key Considerations When Working With Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech. The goals of the forum are to provide (a) an overview of several co-occurring conditions and challenges that may affect children in this population and (b) methods and materials to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy to help children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) to thrive.
METHOD
The prologue provides an overview of what it means to care for the whole child and introduces the five articles in the forum, including research and clinical focus articles as well as tutorials. Infographics, assessment templates, video examples, case studies, and treatment goals are included throughout the forum to promote translation from research to practice.
CONCLUSION
Children with CAS may experience a breadth of skills, challenges, and diagnoses. By learning (a) to identify possible co-occurring conditions, (b) when to make referrals, and (c) how to best accommodate and treat children when different conditions are present, speech-language pathologists can further increase the quality of care provided and ability to advocate for some of our most vulnerable clients and their families.
Topics: Apraxias; Child; Humans; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Therapy; Speech-Language Pathology
PubMed: 36150120
DOI: 10.1044/2022_LSHSS-22-00119 -
Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and... Mar 2021Apraxia occurs frequently in patients with dementia. Buccofacial apraxia (BFA) characteristics have been less investigated than limb or speech apraxia. An association...
Apraxia occurs frequently in patients with dementia. Buccofacial apraxia (BFA) characteristics have been less investigated than limb or speech apraxia. An association between BFA and oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) in old patients with dementia has not yet been explored. We aimed to assess the prevalence of BFA in patients with dementia and evaluate the relationship between BFA, OD, and dementia. We have prospectively included 117 outpatients with dementia referred to a geriatric consultation. Oropharyngeal dysphagia was diagnosed using the volume viscosity swallowing test (V-VST). Buccofacial apraxia was evaluated by miming 7 meaningless gestures. A complementary geriatric assessment of 6-domains completed the evaluation. Buccofacial apraxia was present in 54 (48.6%) patients. Proxies reported OD more frequently in the group of patients with BFA compared to the group without ( = .04). Prevalence of OD assessed with the V-VST was similar between patients with and without apraxia ( = .9). Patients with BFA had a significant lower Mini-Mental State Examination suggesting a more severe cognitive decline (18.1 ± 4.5 vs 15.8 ± 5, = .01), a lower activities of daily living relative to disabilities (5 ± 0.8 vs 4.3 ± 1.3, = .001), and had a lower gait speed that indicated frailty ( = .03).In conclusion, our results indicate a relationship between BFA and severity of dementia, disability, and frailty with no significant association between BFA and OD.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Apraxias; Deglutition Disorders; Dementia; Humans; Independent Living
PubMed: 32292086
DOI: 10.1177/0891988720915519 -
American Journal of Physical Medicine &... Feb 2008Limb apraxia is a common disorder of skilled, purposive movement that is frequently associated with stroke and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease. Despite... (Review)
Review
Limb apraxia is a common disorder of skilled, purposive movement that is frequently associated with stroke and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease. Despite evidence that several types of limb apraxia significantly impact functional abilities, surprisingly few studies have focused on development of treatment paradigms. Additionally, although the most disabling types of apraxia reflect damage to gesture and/or object memory systems, existing treatments have not fully taken advantage of principles of experience known to affect learning and neural plasticity. We review the current state of the art in the rehabilitation of limb apraxia, indicate possible points of contact with the learning literature, and generate suggestions for how translational principles might be applied to the development of future research on treatment of this disabling disorder.
Topics: Apraxia, Ideomotor; Apraxias; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Disease Progression; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18209511
DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31815e6727 -
Pro-fono : Revista de Atualizacao... 2009The appearance of the praxis disorder during the first years of development has been frequently designated as childhood apraxia of speech. The present theoretical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The appearance of the praxis disorder during the first years of development has been frequently designated as childhood apraxia of speech. The present theoretical perspectives direct the speech therapist to new tendencies regarding therapeutic intervention.
AIM
To present a bibliographic review of the last two years about childhood speech apraxia.
CONCLUSION
The present literature about childhood speech apraxia indicates an inclination among the researches that may motivate a mixed therapeutic broaching, in which one contemplates not only aspects pertinent to language processing in a phonological representational level, but also aspects related to motor programming and pre-articulatory sequencing of speech itself.
Topics: Adolescent; Apraxias; Biomedical Research; Child; Child, Preschool; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Speech Disorders; Speech Production Measurement; Speech Therapy
PubMed: 19360263
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Speech and Language Nov 2002Which site(s) of brain damage are associated with apraxia of speech (AOS)? There appears to be little agreement. The article first considers some reasons why not. Even... (Review)
Review
Which site(s) of brain damage are associated with apraxia of speech (AOS)? There appears to be little agreement. The article first considers some reasons why not. Even allowing for factors that may have influenced findings, a definitive answer to the question of the neurological bases of AOS is not currently possible. The article goes on to look briefly at developments in the field of motor control, and limb and buccofacial apraxia in particular, that may hold clues to an answer or at least to asking the right questions. In particular, if AOS is to be understood as a motor disorder, then models compatible with motor control and its neurophysiological underpinnings must be sought. Current models of motor control and apraxia stress the sensorimotor, distributed, interactive nature of control across multiple brain areas.
Topics: Apraxia, Ideomotor; Apraxias; Brain; Humans
PubMed: 12461722
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-35797 -
NeuroRehabilitation Jun 2016Apraxia and Action Disorganisation Syndrome are characterised by an inability to use tools and carry out ordered sequences of movements in the absence of motor or... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Apraxia and Action Disorganisation Syndrome are characterised by an inability to use tools and carry out ordered sequences of movements in the absence of motor or sensory impairment. To date treatment for these complex but debilitating conditions has received little attention.
OBJECTIVES
To provide an overview of apraxia and action disorganisation syndrome and its treatment, providing a state of the art summary for practitioners including likely future therapeutic directions.
METHOD
Review of apraxia literature and treatment studies collated from internet searches involving MEDLINE, PubMed, PyscINFO and Google Scholar as well as the author's own catalogue.
RESULTS
Evidence for current restitution and compensatory approaches is critically reviewed, with limited evidence to date in support of either method. Strategy training is the most promising intervention type with no support for sensory and exploratory interventions, practice effects only for direct task-specific training, and modest support for gestural training.
CONCLUSIONS
Larger controlled studies are needed but evidence is sufficient to indicate certain approaches over others. Advances in assistive technology have not translated into mainstream therapy but future interventions are likely to require a model-based approach which embraces current technologies in order to provide a more accessible, effective and cost-efficient approach to rehabilitation.
Topics: Apraxias; Humans; Self-Help Devices
PubMed: 27314872
DOI: 10.3233/NRE-161348 -
Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology Dec 1993Apraxia of gait is a unique disorder of locomotion characterized by inability in lifting the feet from the floor despite alternating stepping action (frozen gait), and... (Review)
Review
Apraxia of gait is a unique disorder of locomotion characterized by inability in lifting the feet from the floor despite alternating stepping action (frozen gait), and disequilibrium. Responsible site of lesions are in the frontal lobe and/or the basal ganglia. It is observed in an advanced stage of Parkinson's (PD) or vascular parkinsonism with multiple cerebral infarction (MCI). Studies on equilibrium and natural gait have disclosed unique features in this condition. Records of floor reaction forces in forward locomotion showed that vertical-foreaft vector angles at kick-off phase is small in both PD and MCI with frozen gait. EMG of antagonists in leg muscles were either reciprocal or coincided in frozen gait, and rhythm of stepping was crucial for development of freezing. Center of foot pressure (CFP) in forward-bent natural posture in PD still locates behind that of normals. For voluntary forward bending, maximal shift of CFP was smaller, and increase in EMG was larger in PD subjects. Pushing chest backward results in step-out or fall in parkinsonians. In this response, EMG in the pretibial muscles were the same amount in both PD and normals. However, velocity in hip extension and amount of knee and ankle displacement were smaller in PD.
Topics: Apraxias; Cerebral Infarction; Gait; Humans; Locomotion; Parkinson Disease; Posture
PubMed: 8174333
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurological Sciences : Official... Apr 2020The concept and the term of constructional apraxia have been proposed by Karl Kleist and described in his impressive book "Gehirnpathologie", published in 1934. However,...
The concept and the term of constructional apraxia have been proposed by Karl Kleist and described in his impressive book "Gehirnpathologie", published in 1934. However, the first ever paper under the heading of constructional apraxia was written by Hans Strauss, one of Kleist's pupils, and published in 1924. Nowadays, the term constructional apraxia is still in use to refer to all disorders observed in drawing and assembling activities; its assessment, performed as it was in early studies, is part of common practice in behavioral neurology and neuropsychology. Nonetheless, the concept and the neural underpinnings of constructional apraxia have been deeply revisited with respect to the original proposal. Modern studies demonstrated that drawing and assembling are based on very large and complex brain networks extending in both hemispheres, including the left angular gyrus (as hypothesized by Kleist) but well beyond the original ideas about localization of constructional apraxia. From a clinical point of view, constructional apraxia has poor localizing value but provides valuable diagnostic information for conditions of cognitive impairment.
Topics: Adult; Apraxias; History, 20th Century; Humans; Space Perception
PubMed: 31820324
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04186-7 -
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Oct 2011Similar to primary progressive aphasia, primary progressive apraxia has been considered to cause slowly progressive apraxia without dementia and to be a dependent...
Similar to primary progressive aphasia, primary progressive apraxia has been considered to cause slowly progressive apraxia without dementia and to be a dependent disease. Of the 3 cases reported by De Renzi in 1986, 1 case showed slowly progressive apraxia without dementia. Since then, cases of primary progressive apraxia have been reported occasionally. Studies on primary progressive apraxia indicate that not only focal lesions caused by vascular disease or brain trauma but also lesions caused by neurodegenerative disease can cause apraxia alone, thereby supporting the hypothesis that apraxia-associated neurodegeneration may develop in cases of primary progressive apraxia. The pathogenesis of primary progressive apraxia is yet to be elucidated. Clinical features of primary progressive apraxia are not precisely distinguishable from those of corticobasal degeneration (CBD); further, previous studies have indicated that the brain pathology observed in primary progressive apraxia is consistent with that in Alzheimer disease (AD) or Pick disease. "Primary" progressive apraxia may be intrinsically different from slowly progressive apraxia that is associated with CBD, AD, or Pick disease and may show specific pathological findings. On the other hand, primary progressive apraxia may not be a dependent disease but a syndrome characterized by prolonged neurodegeneration that is observed in various degenetive dementias such as CBD, AD, or Pick disease.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Apraxias; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Pick Disease of the Brain
PubMed: 21987564
DOI: No ID Found