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International Journal of Pediatric... Jun 2021to compare the Frequency Following Responses of children with childhood apraxia of speech with typical development children. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
to compare the Frequency Following Responses of children with childhood apraxia of speech with typical development children.
METHOD
this is an observational cross-sectional analytical study approved by Human Research Ethics Committee. Thirty normal hearing children have participated in the study.
THEY WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS
1) study group - composed by 15 children diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech (between the chronological ages of 3 and 11 years, mean age of 5,7 years); and 2) control group: composed by 15 children with typical development, paired by age and gender with study group. Frequency Following Response were recorded using the/da/syllable presentation rate at 10.9 ms.
RESULTS
there was a significant delay in latencies of waves V, A and C of children with apraxia of speech, suggesting difficulties in the ability to process sounds.
CONCLUSION
The delay on Frequency Following Response's latencies (waves V, A and C) in children with apraxia of speech maybe related to atypical neural coding of speech sounds, suggesting that apraxia of speech must not be purely considered as a motor speech disorder.
Topics: Apraxias; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Humans; Phonetics; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Perception
PubMed: 33933988
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110742 -
Der Nervenarzt Aug 2017Apraxia is an umbrella term for different disorders of higher motor abilities that are not explained by elementary sensorimotor deficits (e. g. paresis or ataxia).... (Review)
Review
Apraxia is an umbrella term for different disorders of higher motor abilities that are not explained by elementary sensorimotor deficits (e. g. paresis or ataxia). Characteristic features of apraxia that are easy to recognize in clinical practice are difficulties in pantomimed or actual use of tools as well as in imitation of meaningless gestures. Apraxia is bilateral, explaining the cognitive motor disorders and occurs frequently (but not exclusively) after left hemispheric lesions, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases, such as corticobasal syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Apraxic deficits can seriously impair activities of daily living, which is why the appropriate diagnosis is of great relevance. At the functional anatomical level, different cognitive motor skills rely on at least partly different brain networks, namely, a ventral processing pathway for semantic components, such as tool-action associations, a ventro-dorsal pathway for sensorimotor representations of learnt motor acts, as well as a dorso-dorsal pathway for on-line motor control and, probably, imitation of meaningless gestures. While these networks partially overlap with language-relevant regions, more clear cut dissociations are found between apraxia deficits and disorders of spatial attention. In addition to behavioral interventions, noninvasive neuromodulation approaches, as well as human-computer interface assistance systems are a growing focus of interest for the treatment of apraxia.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aphasia; Apraxias; Cognition Disorders; Dementia; Disability Evaluation; Humans; Models, Neurological; Motor Skills; Neural Pathways; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuropsychological Tests; Prognosis
PubMed: 28664265
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0370-7 -
Journal of Speech, Language, and... Apr 2017The goal of this article (PM I) is to describe the rationale for and development of the Pause Marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The goal of this article (PM I) is to describe the rationale for and development of the Pause Marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay.
METHOD
The authors describe and prioritize 7 criteria with which to evaluate the research and clinical utility of a diagnostic marker for childhood apraxia of speech, including evaluation of the present proposal. An overview is given of the Speech Disorders Classification System, including extensions completed in the same approximately 3-year period in which the PM was developed.
RESULTS
The finalized Speech Disorders Classification System includes a nosology and cross-classification procedures for childhood and persistent speech disorders and motor speech disorders (Shriberg, Strand, & Mabie, 2017). A PM is developed that provides procedural and scoring information, and citations to papers and technical reports that include audio exemplars of the PM and reference data used to standardize PM scores are provided.
CONCLUSIONS
The PM described here is an acoustic-aided perceptual sign that quantifies one aspect of speech precision in the linguistic domain of phrasing. This diagnostic marker can be used to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay.
Topics: Apraxias; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Language Development Disorders; Linguistics; Reproducibility of Results; Speech Acoustics; Speech Articulation Tests
PubMed: 28384779
DOI: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0296 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jul 2024Limb apraxia is a motor disorder frequently observed following a stroke. Apraxic deficits are classically assessed with four tasks: tool use, pantomime of tool use,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Limb apraxia is a motor disorder frequently observed following a stroke. Apraxic deficits are classically assessed with four tasks: tool use, pantomime of tool use, imitation, and gesture understanding. These tasks are supported by several cognitive processes represented in a left-lateralized brain network including inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC). For the past twenty years, voxel-wise lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) studies have been used to unravel the neural correlates associated with apraxia, but none of them has proposed a comprehensive view of the topic. In the present work, we proposed to fill this gap by performing a systematic Anatomic Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis of VLSM studies which included tasks traditionally used to assess apraxia. We found that the IPL was crucial for all the tasks. Moreover, lesions within the LOTC were more associated with imitation deficits than tool use or pantomime, confirming its important role in higher visual processing. Our results questioned traditional neurocognitive models on apraxia and may have important clinical implications.
Topics: Humans; Apraxias; Brain Mapping; Brain; Likelihood Functions; Brain Injuries; Stroke
PubMed: 38754714
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105720 -
Seminars in Speech and Language Nov 2002This article sketches the relationships between modern conceptions of apraxia of speech (AOS) and current models of neuromotor and neurolinguistic disorders. The first... (Review)
Review
This article sketches the relationships between modern conceptions of apraxia of speech (AOS) and current models of neuromotor and neurolinguistic disorders. The first section is devoted to neurophysiological perspectives of AOS, and its relation to dysarthrias and to limb apraxia is discussed. The second section introduces the logogen model and considers AOS in relation to supramodal aspects of aphasia. In the third section, AOS with the background of psycholinguistic models of spoken language production, including the Levelt model and connectionist models, is discussed. In the fourth section, the view of AOS as a disorder of speech motor programming is discussed against the background of theories from experimental psychology. The final section considers two models of speech motor control and their relation to AOS. The article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches.
Topics: Apraxia, Ideomotor; Apraxias; Brain; Humans; Language; Phonetics; Psycholinguistics; Speech Perception; Speech Production Measurement; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 12461723
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-35798 -
Neuropsychobiology 2022Deficits in social interaction and community functioning, including impaired use, performance, and perception of hand gestures, are key features in schizophrenia. A...
INTRODUCTION
Deficits in social interaction and community functioning, including impaired use, performance, and perception of hand gestures, are key features in schizophrenia. A well-established tool to assess gesture deficits is the test of upper limb apraxia (TULIA). However, given its time-consuming application based on video analyses, research has proposed the bedside apraxia screen of TULIA (AST). This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the AST to detect gesture abnormalities at bedside in a sample of 27 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, acute and transient psychotic disorders, or schizoaffective disorder.
METHODS
Patients completed the 48-item TULIA and the 12-item AST. Two different raters assessed the AST: one at bedside (online) and the other based on the video recordings.
RESULTS
The total AST scores demonstrated a high parallel reliability, moderate inter-rater reliability on a single-item level, and good construct validities.
CONCLUSIONS
The psychometric properties of the AST suggest it can well be used for the clinical assessment of gesture deficits in schizophrenia. However, when detailed information is required, the AST rated from video or conducting the full TULIA is recommended. The findings call for refining the selection of the TULIA items for a psychosis-AST bedside test to increase specificity.
Topics: Apraxias; Gestures; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Reproducibility of Results; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 35367989
DOI: 10.1159/000523778 -
Journal of Neurology 1983Ideational apraxia is a rare behavioural disturbance observed in patients with a lesion in the posterior part of the hemisphere dominant for language. The main feature...
Ideational apraxia is a rare behavioural disturbance observed in patients with a lesion in the posterior part of the hemisphere dominant for language. The main feature is an impairment in carrying out sequences of actions requiring the use of various objects in the correct order necessary to achieve an intended purpose. The syndrome cannot be explained as being due to paresis, aphasia, impaired visual recognition, mental deterioration or a combination of these disorders. It must be considered as a higher order motor disturbance. Perservation plays an important role but can not explain the syndrome. Evidence is presented to suggest that ideational apraxia is a disturbance in the conceptual organization of actions. Lines of future research are indicated.
Topics: Aphasia; Apraxias; Humans; Orientation; Psychomotor Performance; Space Perception; Syndrome
PubMed: 6194268
DOI: 10.1007/BF00313591 -
Der Nervenarzt Oct 2005Apraxic phenomena occur in various neurological conditions. Selective motion control is viewed as the basic capacity to make fine and precise, isolated or independent... (Review)
Review
Apraxic phenomena occur in various neurological conditions. Selective motion control is viewed as the basic capacity to make fine and precise, isolated or independent face or limb movements. Its deficit can indicate limb-kinetic apraxia if it is not explained by paresis, somatosensory deafferentation, or ataxia. The core deficit in ideomotor apraxia could be deficient movement representations, i.e. the combination of invariant features of intrinsic and extrinsic coding for a given movement, which are most important when movements have to be performed outside their typical context. Ideational apraxia would be defined by a semantic deficit related to action. Frontal apraxia is characterised by an action-sequencing deficit. A detailed model is proposed regarding processes relevant to praxis.
Topics: Apraxias; Brain; Humans; Models, Neurological; Neurosciences; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians'
PubMed: 15937712
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-005-1936-3 -
Psychiatria Danubina 2023Almost 50% of patients with schizophrenia experience problems in their praxia performance, whereas executive function losses can be seen in patients with bipolar...
BACKGROUND
Almost 50% of patients with schizophrenia experience problems in their praxia performance, whereas executive function losses can be seen in patients with bipolar disorder. Although schizophrenia and bipolar disorder can be categorized as different disorders, in patient groups with similar symptom clusters, we aimed to determine whether there are common or disorder-specific praxia defects and to investigate the relationship between the sociodemographic and clinical features with apraxia.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
52 Schizophrenia and 77 Bipolar Disorder Type I outpatients in remission for at least 6 months were included in our study. Test of Upper Limb Apraxia (TULIA) and Mayo Clinic Praxia Assessment Test (MCPAT) were used to evaluate praxia performance.
RESULTS
Patients with Schizophrenia performed poorer on the TULIA and MCPAT than patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I. While impairment in personal and social functioning was higher in the apraxic schizophrenia group compared to the non-apraxic group, the mean age of disease onset was lower. Functioning in the Apraxic Bipolar Disorder Type I group was lower than in the group without apraxia; whereas the patient's age, duration of disease and number of hospitalizations were higher.
CONCLUSIONS
Although apraxia, which have an important effect on the functioning and quality of life of the patient by causing impairment in daily activities, are seen at higher rates in patients with schizophrenia, might be also seen in patients with bipolar disorder type I. Decreasing diagnostic confusion and developing appropriate treatment strategies, evaluation of apraxia seems to be clinically important in terms of prognosis of diseases and functioning of patients.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Bipolar Disorder; Quality of Life; Apraxias; Prognosis; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 37060592
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2023.47 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2008
Topics: Apraxias; Brain; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysarthria; Functional Laterality; History, 20th Century; Humans; Models, Psychological; Psycholinguistics; Speech
PubMed: 18631696
DOI: 10.1016/S0072-9752(07)88013-4