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Neurologia Medico-chirurgica Jun 1996A cystplastic cyst-subarachnoid shunt procedure using a ventricular catheter of Denver type shunt system was performed in seven patients with non-communicating middle... (Review)
Review
A cystplastic cyst-subarachnoid shunt procedure using a ventricular catheter of Denver type shunt system was performed in seven patients with non-communicating middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst. The operation technique consists of: linear incision of the outer membrane of arachnoid cyst and intrusion into the cyst; followed by a 5 mm incision of both the inner membrane of the arachnoid cyst and the arachnoid membrane; insertion of a 2-3 cm length of the ventricular catheter, cut as required with silk thread bound around the midpoint of the tube, into the subarachnoid space; fixation of the tube to the arachnoid membrane by a silk thread with Weck clips; and finally suturing of the outer membrane of arachnoid cyst by a nylon thread. During the follow-up period of 3 months to 3 years after the operation, the symptoms were relieved in all patients, and no recurrence or complication was observed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arachnoid Cysts; Brain; Child; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 8700319
DOI: 10.2176/nmc.36.396 -
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) Mar 2023Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are the most common space-occupying lesions in the human brain and present significant challenges for clinical management. While most cases of ACs...
Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are the most common space-occupying lesions in the human brain and present significant challenges for clinical management. While most cases of ACs are sporadic, nearly 40 familial forms have been reported. Moreover, ACs are seen with increased frequency in multiple Mendelian syndromes, including Chudley-McCullough syndrome, acrocallosal syndrome, and autosomal recessive primary ciliary dyskinesia. These findings suggest that genetic factors contribute to AC pathogenesis. However, traditional linkage and segregation approaches have been limited in their ability to identify causative genes for ACs because the disease is genetically heterogeneous and often presents asymptomatically and sporadically. Here, we comprehensively review theories of AC pathogenesis, the genetic evidence for AC formation, and discuss a different approach to AC genomics that could help elucidate this perplexing lesion and shed light on the associated neurodevelopmental phenotypes seen in a significant subset of these patients.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Arachnoid Cysts; Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; Brain; Syndrome
PubMed: 35851401
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac257 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Aug 2008Anterior cervical arachnoid cysts are rare in the pediatric population, with only 16 cases reported. We present the first case of an anterior cervical arachnoid cyst in... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Anterior cervical arachnoid cysts are rare in the pediatric population, with only 16 cases reported. We present the first case of an anterior cervical arachnoid cyst in a neonate and review the literature on pediatric cervical arachnoid cysts.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 16-day-old baby girl with a history of myelomeningocele repair progressively developed symptoms of upper extremity weakness over the course of 2 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a compressive arachnoid cyst extending from C2 to C7.
INTERVENTION
The child was taken for posterior cervical laminoplasty and cyst fenestration. Intraoperatively, diffuse cervical arachnoiditis was noted. Rapid improvement in upper extremity paresis was noted within 24 h of surgery, and MRI confirmed decompression of the cyst. However, flaccid upper extremity paresis recurred within 2 weeks. MRI confirmed recurrence of the anterior cervical arachnoid cyst. The child was taken for a secondary fenestration and stenting of the cyst. Only partial improvement in arm function was noted by 1 month following reoperation.
CONCLUSION
Arachnoid cysts can be effectively treated with surgical fenestration, shunting, and complete or partial excision. Rapid identification and treatment results in improvement in myelopathic symptoms; however, the most efficacious treatment modality remains unknown. Of the 17 cases of anterior cervical arachnoid cysts reported in the literature, 11 (65%) have had either prior myelomeningocele repair or a history of spinal trauma. Anterior cervical arachnoid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute onset myelopathy in the pediatric population especially in cases with a history of spinal trauma or myelomeningocele repair.
Topics: Arachnoid Cysts; Cervical Vertebrae; Decompression, Surgical; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meningomyelocele; Recurrence; Reoperation; Spinal Cord Compression; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18338174
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-008-0612-x -
East Asian Archives of Psychiatry :... Jun 2018Arachnoid cysts are benign space-occupying brain lesions that contain cerebrospinal fluid. Most cases are congenital in origin, caused by failed fusion of the arachnoid...
Arachnoid cysts are benign space-occupying brain lesions that contain cerebrospinal fluid. Most cases are congenital in origin, caused by failed fusion of the arachnoid membrane early in fetal development. Cases are often incidentally detected on neuroimaging; however, rarely patients present with neuropsychiatric manifestations when cysts expand and cause a midline shift, compression of nearby brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid compartments or both. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with no past history or family history of psychiatric illness who developed acute-onset right-sided weakness, depressive symptoms, and other neuropsychiatric deficits. A diagnosis of organic mood disorder caused by an arachnoid cyst was made. Her symptoms and neuropsychiatric deficits remitted after cyst marsupialisation by open craniotomy. Therefore, it is important to investigate the organic aetiology in elderly patients who present with simultaneous mood disorder and cognitive dysfunction.
Topics: Arachnoid Cysts; Depression; Female; Humans; Middle Aged
PubMed: 29921743
DOI: No ID Found -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Jun 1992The authors report a series of three children with symptomatic congenital arachnoid cyst of the lateral ventricles. Presenting symptoms consisted of macrocephally, delay... (Review)
Review
The authors report a series of three children with symptomatic congenital arachnoid cyst of the lateral ventricles. Presenting symptoms consisted of macrocephally, delay in psychomotor development, and seizures. CT findings were of a well-defined cystic lesion placed in the atrium of the lateral ventricle. One child was treated by direct cyst exposure and cysto-peritoneal shunt. The other two were treated with ventriculo-cysto-peritoneal shunts; in one of these, we used a ventriculoscope both for cyst fenestration and for accurate shunt placement. The origin of intraventricular arachnoid cysts seems to be secondary to the displacement of arachnoid cells by the vascular mesenchyma, through the choroid fissure, during the process of choroid plexus development.
Topics: Arachnoid Cysts; Cerebral Ventricles; Humans; Infant; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 1394251
DOI: 10.1007/BF00262846 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Dec 2018
Topics: Arachnoid Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Manipulation, Spinal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 30297195
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.09.020 -
Headache 2014Arachnoid cysts are generally identified incidentally on brain imaging, although they occasionally cause symptoms because of expansion or bleeding. This study aims to...
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND
Arachnoid cysts are generally identified incidentally on brain imaging, although they occasionally cause symptoms because of expansion or bleeding. This study aims to describe patients in whom an arachnoid cyst was identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study performed for the evaluation of headache in a pediatric headache clinic and to highlight the clinical dilemma posed by this finding.
METHODS
A retrospective descriptive study design was used. The electronic database of a tertiary pediatric headache clinic was searched for all newly admitted patients with headache who underwent MRI evaluation in 2008-2013. The indications for imaging were based on clinical practice parameters recommended by the Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Clinical and imaging parameters were collected from the files. Findings were compared between patients with and without an arachnoid cyst.
RESULTS
Of the 250 (31%) of 800 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 11 (4.4%) had an arachnoid cyst. Two patients had a ruptured cyst with midline shifting and a large subdural collection. Both presented with headache, vomiting, phonophobia, and photophobia. In the other 9 asymptomtic patients with an arachnoid cyst, imaging showed only a mild mass effect without midline shifting; their symptoms were considered unrelated to the cyst. The patients with a symptomatic arachnoid cyst were referred for surgery, with good outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
Arachnoid cysts are found in a small percentage of brain scans performed for evaluation of headache in the setting of a hospital-based pediatric headache clinic. For the long run in these clinical settings, most of the cysts are asymptomatic. Precise anamnesis, neurologic examination, and imaging performed according to accepted practice guidelines may help clinicians determine if the headache and symptoms are caused by the cyst or if they should seek primary headache diagnosis with overlapping symptoms. The clinical distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (symptoms that are directly related to the arachnoid cyst) may be difficult. Family history of migraine may help in the diagnosis of asymptomatic patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Arachnoid Cysts; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Management; Electronic Health Records; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitals, Pediatric; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neurologic Examination; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 25320024
DOI: 10.1111/head.12470 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2020Arachnoid cysts are benign congenital malformations of the arachnoid which account for approximately 1.4% of the intracranial lesions. Although it is usually...
Arachnoid cysts are benign congenital malformations of the arachnoid which account for approximately 1.4% of the intracranial lesions. Although it is usually asymptomatic, it may be accompanied by headache, hydrocephalus and seizure. Psychiatric disorders associated with arachnoid cysts are rare. In this article, we present a giant arachnoid cyst with hypomania symptoms and marked cognitive impairment. A 44-year-old female patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic with a 4-year history of headache, nervousness and attention problems. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a giant arachnoid cyst with a size of 5.5x10.5x12.5 cm was found in the left hemisphere of the patient. Considering the patient's irritability, increase in the amount of speech, flight of ideas, sleep disturbance and attention disorders, the diagnosis of hypomania was made. The neuropsychological tests showed that the speed of information processing, mental flexibility and attention functions decreased, and executive functions were impaired. The patient was consulted to the neurosurgery department. But no surgical treatment was offered. Drug therapy for hypomanic symptoms and cognitive impairment was planned, but could not be started since the patient did not attend to the follow-up exams. Albeit the lack of followup constitutes a limitation for our report, we believe that the size of the cyst, significant impairment of cognitive functions and the presence of hypomania symptoms might contribute significantly to the literature. Other cases with arachnoid cyst displaying cognitive impairment were summarized in our article.
Topics: Adult; Arachnoid Cysts; Brain Neoplasms; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Headache; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mania; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosurgical Procedures
PubMed: 32594501
DOI: 10.5080/u23937 -
Revista de Neurologia Jul 2013INTRODUCTION. Intracranial arachnoids cysts are considered benign developmental anomalies that occur within the arachnoid membrane and generally contain clear and...
INTRODUCTION. Intracranial arachnoids cysts are considered benign developmental anomalies that occur within the arachnoid membrane and generally contain clear and colourless fluid resembling cerebrospinal fluid. The prevalence of these cysts is higher in the first two decades of life, and the incidence is widely quoted as approximately 1% of all space-occupying intracranial lesions. Arachnoids cysts in the elderly person are a rare occurrence. We report the unusual presentation of a woman with an intraventricular arachnoid cyst treated with endoscopic technique. CASE REPORT. A 75-year-old woman presented with progressive hemiparesis of two years duration. Cranial MR imaging showed a right parieto-occipital intraventricular cyst with local mass effect and moderate dilatation of lateral ventricles. A right-sided burr hole was made and the arachnoids cyst was reached and cysto-ventricle shunting was realized. This was followed by a septum pellucidum fenestration. There were no complications during the surgery and the patient presented no symptoms at time of discharge. CONCLUSIONS. The neuroendoscopic approach to intraventricular arachnoid cysts was effective with few complications.
Topics: Aged; Arachnoid Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Paresis; Punctures; Remission Induction; Septum Pellucidum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ventriculostomy
PubMed: 23799598
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista de NeurologiaArachnoid cysts are intra-arachnoid collections of cerebrospinal fluid; congenital in origin, they account for about 1% of all atraumatic intracranial mass lesions. They... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Arachnoid cysts are intra-arachnoid collections of cerebrospinal fluid; congenital in origin, they account for about 1% of all atraumatic intracranial mass lesions. They cause neurological deficit through expansion that can compress normal neural tissue and obstruct cerebrospinal fluid flow.
DEVELOPMENT
We review the pertinent literature of the formation and evolution of congenital arachnoid cyst and the epidemiological, clinical, neuroradiological aspects and treatment of intracranial arachnoid cyst.
CONCLUSIONS
Arachnoid cysts are benign congenital collections of cerebrospinal fluid. They usually arise in areas that are rich in arachnoid, and 50% are located in the sylvian fissure. Symptoms depend on size and location. Seizures and headache are said to be the most common symptoms of middle cranial fossa cysts. The definitive treatment for arachnoid cysts is surgery and the indications for surgery most likely are the presence of progressive hydrocephalus or intracranial hypertension.
Topics: Arachnoid Cysts; Brain Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 15625636
DOI: No ID Found