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Tropical Doctor Oct 2022formerly known as is a Gram positive bacilli. It is a fastidious, facultative anerobic, catalase negative, beta haemolytic and non motile bacterium. Gram positive...
formerly known as is a Gram positive bacilli. It is a fastidious, facultative anerobic, catalase negative, beta haemolytic and non motile bacterium. Gram positive bacilli are usually considered to be non-pathogenic as the majority are part of normal flora of human skin and mucous membranes. Hence, diagnosis of such infection and its treatment may be delayed by a failure of recognition. However, this bacterium has been implicated in wound, superficial and deep-seated soft tissue infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, pneumonia, and also septicemia. The early diagnostic evaluation of this organism is emphasized. We report a case series which illustrates the significance of in skin and soft tissue infections.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Arcanobacterium; Catalase; Humans; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 35892166
DOI: 10.1177/00494755221097506 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Jul 2021Arcanobacterium haemolyticum causes pharyngotonsillitis in children and young adults. It is rarely isolated in pharyngeal swabs as testing for it is not routine. Data on... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum causes pharyngotonsillitis in children and young adults. It is rarely isolated in pharyngeal swabs as testing for it is not routine. Data on complications, management, and antibiotic susceptibility testing is limited. We sought to review the available literature on the presentation and management of A. haemolyticum pharyngotonsillitis in this age group.
METHODS
A systematic review of eligible studies reporting pharyngotonsillitis and related complications in children and young adults caused by A. haemolyticum was conducted. Literature from case reports, case series, and available cohorts was compiled. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
The initial database search yielded 63 articles, after applying exclusion criteria 17 studies were included. 191 patients were identified with a median age of 16.5 years. The most common presentation was throat pain reported in 93.7% of patients. Tonsillar exudates, fever at presentation and rash were present in more than half of the reviewed cases. The diagnosis was established by a positive culture on a pharyngeal swab in 98.8% of swabs collected. Complications described included peritonsillar abscesses, Lemierre's syndrome, pneumonia, and sepsis. Penicillin was the first line antibiotic in 81% of patients followed by macrolides in 19 patients (18%).
CONCLUSIONS
A. haemolyticum occurs in children and young adults and may result in complications. Our review supports its susceptibility to penicillin. We suggest a diagnostic and management algorithm to guide clinicians in targeted testing and aid with decision making regarding timely and appropriate antibiotic therapy, in an effort to reduce the burden of its complications.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Adolescent; Algorithms; Arcanobacterium; Child; Humans; Pharyngitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 34038812
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110759 -
Future Science OA Dec 2019is known to affect cattle, but was never isolated as a cause of human urinary tract infections.
AIM
is known to affect cattle, but was never isolated as a cause of human urinary tract infections.
CLINICAL CASE
A 69-year-old male presented for recurring low urinary tract symptoms after a 20-day ciprofloxacin regimen for prostatitis. He previously underwent open right nephrolithotomy and left ureterovesical junction reimplantation for an iatrogenic distal ureteral stricture. Computed tomography showed spontaneous cortical calcifications; renoscopy was performed and deep cultures from the pelvis were taken; culture on chocolate agar revealed . Intravenous teicoplanin for 3 weeks resulted in resolution of low urinary tract symptoms with regression of bladder and ureteral thickening.
CONCLUSION
can cause encrusted pyelitis in humans especially evoked in a context of persisting or recurring urinary tract infections.
PubMed: 31915531
DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0021 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2011
Topics: Arcanobacterium
PubMed: 21879152
DOI: No ID Found -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Aug 2005Arcanobacterium pyogenes is a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen of economically important livestock, causing diseases as diverse as mastitis, liver abscessation... (Review)
Review
Arcanobacterium pyogenes is a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen of economically important livestock, causing diseases as diverse as mastitis, liver abscessation and pneumonia. This organism possesses a number of virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenic potential. A. pyogenes expresses a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin, which is a haemolysin and is cytolytic for immune cells, including macrophages. Expression of pyolysin is required for virulence and this molecule is the most promising vaccine candidate identified to date. A. pyogenes also possesses a number of adherence mechanisms, including two neuraminidases, the action of which are required for full adhesion to epithelial cells, and several extracellular matrix-binding proteins, including a collagen-binding protein, which may be required for adhesion to collagen-rich tissue. A. pyogenes also expresses fimbriae, which are similar to the type 2 fimbriae of Actinomyces naeslundii, and forms biofilms. However, the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of A. pyogenes infections remains to be elucidated. A. pyogenes also invades and survives within epithelial cells and can survive within J774A.1 macrophages for up to 72 h, suggesting an important role for A. pyogenes interaction with host cells during pathogenesis. The two component regulatory system, PloSR, up-regulates pyolysin expression and biofilm formation but down-regulates expression of proteases, suggesting that it may act as a global regulator of A. pyogenes virulence. A. pyogenes is a versatile pathogen, with an arsenal of virulence determinants. However, most aspects of the pathogenesis of infection caused by this important opportunistic pathogen remain poorly characterized.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cats; Cattle; Cell Line; Dogs; Epithelial Cells; Macrophages; Membrane Glycoproteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Opportunistic Infections; Perforin; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 16096685
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-005-2316-5 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Feb 2003
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Exanthema; Female; Humans; Pharyngitis
PubMed: 12582410
DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2003.32 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jun 2019An 81-year-old Japanese man with no history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital for a fever with a new ulcerative lesion on the left heel. Blood cultures... (Review)
Review
An 81-year-old Japanese man with no history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital for a fever with a new ulcerative lesion on the left heel. Blood cultures on admission grew Arcanobacterium haemolyticum in aerobic bottles. He was therefore diagnosed with A. haemolyticum bacteremia and osteomyelitis complicated with foot decubitus ulcer. He was successfully treated with intravenous antibiotic therapy and debridement of the left heel. Our case and literature review show that it is important to recognize that A. haemolyticum is a systemic causative pathogen in immunocompetent patients in primary care practice.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arcanobacterium; Bacteremia; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Education, Medical, Continuing; Fever; Foot Ulcer; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osteomyelitis; Physicians, Primary Care; Pressure Ulcer
PubMed: 30713320
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2162-18 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2022A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on an unidentified previously described -like Gram-positive strain 2701 isolated from an anal swab of a dead male harbour...
A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on an unidentified previously described -like Gram-positive strain 2701 isolated from an anal swab of a dead male harbour seal. Comparative 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the bacterium belonged to the genus in the family . The genome sequence of the strain was obtained by Borowiak . [1]. The genome had a G+C content of 49 mol% and a total length of 1.94 Mb. The presence of the major menaquinone MK-9(H) supported the affiliation of the isolate with the genus . The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phospholipid as major components and two unidentified lipids, a further unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified phosphoglycolipids as well as phosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were C, C and C. Biochemical and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished the isolate from other members of the genus and closely related other species. Based on these results, it is proposed that the unknown sp. strain 2701 should be classified as representing a novel species with the name sp. nov. The type strain is 2701 (=DSM 112952=LMG 32446).
Topics: Animals; Male; Arcanobacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phoca; Phylogeny; Base Composition; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Vitamin K 2; DNA, Bacterial; Cardiolipins; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids
PubMed: 36264671
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005573 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Jan 2024
Topics: Child; Humans; Arcanobacterium; Actinomycetales Infections; Immunocompetence
PubMed: 37922488
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004147