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International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2017A taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach was performed on an unidentified Arcanobacterium-like Gram-stain-positive bacterium isolated from the genital tract of a...
A taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach was performed on an unidentified Arcanobacterium-like Gram-stain-positive bacterium isolated from the genital tract of a rhinoceros. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacterium belonged to the genus Arcanobacterium and was most closely related to the type strains of Arcanobacterium canis (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arcanobacterium phocisimile (97.8 %), Arcanobacterium phocae (97.7 %), Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (97.4 %), Arcanobacterium hippocoleae (96.6 %), Arcanobacterium pinnipediorum (96.4 %) and Arcarnobacterium pluranimalium (95.4 %). DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 647T and Arcanobacterium canisDSM 25104T were very low, 13.4 % (reciprocal 15.9 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 647T was 58.7 mol%. The presence of the major menaquinone MK-9(H4) supported the affiliation of this strain to the genus Arcanobacterium. The polar lipid profile consisted of the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. The results of physiological and biochemical testing clearly distinguished the unknown bacterium from other species of the genus Arcanobacterium. Based on these tests, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arcanobacterium named Arcanobacterium wilhelmaesp. nov. The type strain is 647T (=DSM 102162T=LMG 29418T).
Topics: Animals; Arcanobacterium; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Female; Germany; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Perissodactyla; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Urogenital System; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 28073403
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001784 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2013A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two previously unidentified Arcanobacterium-like Gram-positive strains isolated from harbour seals. Comparative 16S rRNA...
A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two previously unidentified Arcanobacterium-like Gram-positive strains isolated from harbour seals. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that both bacteria belonged to the genus Arcanobacterium and were most closely related to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum CIP 103370(T) (98.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. canis P6775(T) (97.4%), A. phocae DSM 10002(T) (97.4%), A. pluranimalium M430/94/2(T) (95.7%) and A. hippocoleae CCUG 44697(T) (95.5%). The presence of the major menaquinone MK-9(H4) supported the affiliation of the isolates with the genus Arcanobacterium. The polar lipid profile consisted of major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c and summed feature 5 (comprising C18:2ω6,9c and/or anteiso-C18:0). Physiological and biochemical tests clearly distinguished the isolates from other members of the genus Arcanobacterium. Based on the common origin and various physiological properties comparable to those of A. phocae, it is proposed that the isolates are classified as members of a novel species with the name Arcanobacterium phocisimile sp. nov. The type strain is 2698(T) (=LMG 27073(T) =CCM 8430(T)).
Topics: Animals; Arcanobacterium; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phoca; Phylogeny; Quinones; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23041640
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.045591-0 -
The Journal of Infection Mar 1992
Topics: Administration, Rectal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Craniotomy; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Suppuration; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 1569313
DOI: 10.1016/0163-4453(92)93110-c -
European Journal of Clinical... Aug 1998Arcanobacterium haemolyticum has been implicated mainly in non-streptococcal pharyngitis and wound infections. Rarely, it has been reported to cause systemic infection,... (Review)
Review
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum has been implicated mainly in non-streptococcal pharyngitis and wound infections. Rarely, it has been reported to cause systemic infection, often in combination with other pathogens. Two cases of systemic and deep-seated infections caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum are reported, and the literature is reviewed. Sixteen cases of bacteremia and seven cases of non-bacteremic deep-seated have been published previously. Eight of the bacteremic and two of the non-bacteremic cases occurred in younger, apparently healthy immunocompetent patients. Six patients had infections of the central nervous system. The optimal treatment of infections caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is not known. Although in vitro susceptibility tests have demonstrated tolerance of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum to penicillin, penicillins with or without aminoglycosides have been the most widely used antibiotics, in most cases with success.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Brain Edema; Female; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Middle Aged
PubMed: 9796659
DOI: 10.1007/BF01708624 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases 1997Rhodococcus equi and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, formerly classified in the genus Corynebacterium, are members of the loosely defined taxon "coryneform" bacteria.... (Review)
Review
Rhodococcus equi and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, formerly classified in the genus Corynebacterium, are members of the loosely defined taxon "coryneform" bacteria. Although they are the etiologic agents of distinct human infections, both organisms are frequently overlooked, which results in missed or delayed diagnoses. R. equi, long known as an important pathogen of immature horses, has become in the past three decades an opportunistic pathogen of severely immunosuppressed humans. Most cases are secondary to HIV infection. When specifically sought in throat swab cultures, A. haemolyticum is found responsible for 0.5% to 2.5% of bacterial pharyngitis, especially among adolescents. These two microorganisms represent a spectrum of disease in humans: from a mild, common illness to a rare life-threatening infection. Each organism elaborates lipid hydrolyzing enzymes (cholesterol oxidase by R. equi and sphingomyelinase D by A. haemolyticum) that are toxic to animals and humans and damaging to mammalian cell membranes. The participation of the cytotoxins in pathogenicity is discussed. Greater awareness of the properties of these two bacteria may promote faster, more accurate diagnoses and better clinical management.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Humans; Rhodococcus equi
PubMed: 9204295
DOI: 10.3201/eid0302.970207 -
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi Jan 2013To emphasize the importance of the early diagnosis and treatment of Lemierre syndrome caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To emphasize the importance of the early diagnosis and treatment of Lemierre syndrome caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.
METHOD
A case of Lemierre syndrome caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and three similar reported cases were reviewed.
RESULTS
A man complained of fever with a sore throat, and examination found an enlarged left tonsil with prominent exudate, normal blood routine test and chest radiograph. Although the patient received the treatment of penicillin G and azithromycin, his condition worsened. Blood test showed white blood cell count 13.59×10(9)/L (neutrophils 0.933), platelet count 7.4×10(9)/L, TBil 54.3 mmol/L, DBil 28.3 mmol/L, AST 127 IU/L, ALT 82 IU/L, serum albumin 19.3 g/L with the development of the conditions. Blood cultures grew Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and the piperacillin-tazobactam was administered until fever was controlled. In addition, anticoagulation was administered when the thrombus was confirmed in the left internal jugular vein. Two follow-up clinic visits over the following 4 months were unremarkable. Besides three similar cases reported, four patients were male, and the ages ranged from 19 to 54 years. The chief complaints were sore throat and fever (4/4), with neck pain (4/4). Physical examinations found pharyngitis (2/4), exudate or abscess in the tonsillar crypt (2/4), maculopapular rashes (2/4). Laboratory results showed leukocytosis and thrombocytopaenia (4/4), acute cholestatic liver dysfunction (3/4), acute renal failure (2/4), acute respiratory failure (1/4). The first chest radiographs were normal at the onset, but chest radiography features included peripheral nodules and cavitation (3/4), focal or wedge-shaped lesions (1/4), pleural effusion (1/4) with the development of the conditions. Blood culture proved that there was only growth of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (2/4), both Fusobacterium necrophorum and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum were found (2/4). Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or piperacillin/tazobactam was administered (4/4). Neck CT proved internal jugular vein thrombosis (3/4) and anticoagulation was administered (3/4). All patients recovered and no one died.
CONCLUSIONS
The characters of Lemierre syndrome include primary oropharynx infection, septicaemia, septic or embolic phlebitis of jugular vein, and metastatic abscess. Early recognition and aggressive intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics are critical to reduce mortality.
Topics: Arcanobacterium; Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 23710815
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2002A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on a previously unidentified gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, diphtheroid-shaped organism isolated from a vaginal...
A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on a previously unidentified gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, diphtheroid-shaped organism isolated from a vaginal discharge of a horse. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the strain was a member of the genus Arcanobacterium, but sequence divergence values of >4% with described species of this genus (viz: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Arcanobacterium bernardiae, Arcanobacterium phocae, Arcanobacterium pluranimalium and Arcanobacterium pyogenes) demonstrated that the isolate represented a novel species. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from other Arcanobacterium species by biochemical tests. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Arcanobacterium hippocoleae sp. nov. The type strain of A. hippocoleae is CCUG 44697T (= CIP 106850T).
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Female; Horses; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vaginal Discharge
PubMed: 11931175
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-2-617 -
Folia Microbiologica Apr 2022In the present study, a single Arcanobacterium (A.) pinnipediorum strain isolated from discharge of a jaw swelling of a grey seal pup (Halichoerus grypus) in England,...
In the present study, a single Arcanobacterium (A.) pinnipediorum strain isolated from discharge of a jaw swelling of a grey seal pup (Halichoerus grypus) in England, UK, was identified. This strain was further characterized by phenotypical investigations, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and genotypically by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and the genes gap encoding glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, tuf encoding elongation factor tu, and rpoB encoding the β subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. The present study gives a first detailed characterization of the species A. pinnipediorum from a grey seal in the UK. However, the route of infection of the grey seal with the bacterial pathogen remains unclear.
Topics: Animals; Arcanobacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seals, Earless; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; United Kingdom
PubMed: 34825291
DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00932-7 -
Infection and Immunity Mar 2019is an emerging human pathogen that causes pharyngitis and wound infections. A few studies have suggested that is able to induce its uptake into nonphagocytic...
is an emerging human pathogen that causes pharyngitis and wound infections. A few studies have suggested that is able to induce its uptake into nonphagocytic epithelial cells, but the bacterial factors associated with host cell invasion and the host cell processes involved have yet to be studied. We investigated how two virulence factors, arcanolysin (ALN) and phospholipase D (PLD), affect the ability of the bacteria to adhere to and subsequently invade Detroit 562 pharyngeal epithelial cells. The sphingomyelinase activity of phospholipase D was necessary to increase bacterial adherence, while the absence of a functional arcanolysin had no effect on adherence but did lead to a decrease in invasion into Detroit 562 cells. Because of the known roles of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins in disrupting calcium gradients and inducing F-actin-mediated bacterial internalization, we sought to determine whether ALN and PLD played a similar role in the ability of to invade nonphagocytic cells. Elimination of extracellular calcium and inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex or F-actin polymerization also caused a decrease in the ability of to invade Detroit 562 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that utilizes phospholipase D primarily for adherence and utilizes arcanolysin primarily for invasion into Detroit 562 cells in a process dependent on extracellular calcium and F-actin polymerization. Our work marks the first insight into how the individual activities of arcanolysin and phospholipase D affect host-pathogen interactions using the biologically relevant Detroit 562 cell line.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Arcanobacterium; Bacterial Proteins; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Infections; Phospholipase D
PubMed: 30745329
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00832-18 -
Cureus Aug 2023causes pharyngeal and skin lesions but rarely causes severe systemic infections. An 80-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was admitted for surgery of a left femoral...
causes pharyngeal and skin lesions but rarely causes severe systemic infections. An 80-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was admitted for surgery of a left femoral neck fracture and right first toe ulcer. On day 19, chest radiography revealed a massive left pleural effusion.Pleural fluid culture grew and . The fluid was drained via a chest tube, and the patient was treated with cefazolin and clindamycin. Only four cases of pyothorax caused by have been reported, and no previous cases of pyothorax with bacterial co-infections have been reported.
PubMed: 37750124
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44096