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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Dec 2002
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 12519360
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00535.x -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jan 1994The susceptibilities of 138 clinical isolates of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum to 11 antimicrobial agents were tested. All strains were susceptible to...
The susceptibilities of 138 clinical isolates of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum to 11 antimicrobial agents were tested. All strains were susceptible to phenoxymethylpenicillin, cephalosporins, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin but were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 8141569
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.38.1.142 -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive... 2013The clinical presentation and course of orbital cellulitis in a young adult resulting from Arcanobacterium hemolyticum frontal sinusitis are presented in detail. This...
The clinical presentation and course of orbital cellulitis in a young adult resulting from Arcanobacterium hemolyticum frontal sinusitis are presented in detail. This case illustrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for refractory and aggressive orbital cellulitis. A high level of suspicion for A. hemolyticum must be maintained in such cases, because it has proven to be a rare but aggressive, potentially occult, and life-threatening pathogen.
Topics: Abscess; Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arcanobacterium; Combined Modality Therapy; Drainage; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Frontal Sinusitis; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Orbital Cellulitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Visual Acuity; Young Adult
PubMed: 23128539
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e318272d480 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 1994Colony morphology, beta hemolysis on horse blood agar, beta-glucuronidase activity, and ability to ferment sucrose and/or trehalose defined two biotypes of...
Colony morphology, beta hemolysis on horse blood agar, beta-glucuronidase activity, and ability to ferment sucrose and/or trehalose defined two biotypes of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. One, the smooth type, grew as smooth, beta-hemolytic colonies and was beta-glucuronidase negative but often fermented sucrose and/or trehalose, while the other, the rough type, grew as rough colonies and was nonhemolytic, beta-glucuronidase positive, and negative for sucrose and trehalose fermentation. About 75% of the A. haemolyticum strains studied (n = 138) were of the smooth type. The smooth type predominated in wound infections, while the rough type was isolated almost exclusively from respiratory tract specimens; thus, 84% of the smooth-type strains were derived from wounds and 91% of the rough-type strains were isolated from respiratory tracts.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Species Specificity; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 7929753
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.7.1654-1657.1994 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jul 2021Bacteria of the genus can be found in a variety of hosts. The species Arcanobacterium phocisimile was originally identified in a free-living harbor seal in the German...
Bacteria of the genus can be found in a variety of hosts. The species Arcanobacterium phocisimile was originally identified in a free-living harbor seal in the German North Sea in 2004. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of Arcanobacterium phocisimile strain DSM 26142.
PubMed: 34264110
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00215-21 -
Journal of Global Infectious Diseases Jan 2011Clinical chorioamnionitis can result either from the ascending organisms from vagina after rupture of membranes or via the blood stream. This report describes a case of...
Clinical chorioamnionitis can result either from the ascending organisms from vagina after rupture of membranes or via the blood stream. This report describes a case of chorioamnionitis caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, an unusual organism associated with this infection. A 19-year-old primigravida at 32 weeks of gestation presented with the complaints of fever, pain in the abdomen, and discharge per vaginum for the past 2 days. Watery, odorless, colorless, and discharge passing intermittently were noticed. A. haemolyticum was isolated from amniotic fluid. Upon induction, a healthy male baby weighing 1.9 kg was delivered. The patient was started on gentamicin and metronidazole for 8 days. Recovery was uneventful. The mother and baby were discharged on ninth day. Chorioamnionitis can result in significant maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Hence, it is important to ascertain the prompt diagnosis and treatment of suspected cases. Increase in awareness of clinicians and laboratories will reduce misdiagnosis and facilitate appropriate treatment.
PubMed: 21572617
DOI: 10.4103/0974-777X.77304 -
Cureus Sep 2023We are reporting a very rare case of an invasive infection with and that resulted in meningitis, cerebral edema, and subdural empyema secondary to upper respiratory...
We are reporting a very rare case of an invasive infection with and that resulted in meningitis, cerebral edema, and subdural empyema secondary to upper respiratory infection (URI) and sinusitis in an immunocompetent adolescent patient. Our patient is a 17-year-old male with no significant medical history who presented to his pediatrician with a fever for three days, was diagnosed with a viral URI, and instructed to continue symptomatic care. Seven days later, the patient developed a headache, left-sided weakness, and continued to spike fever. The patient presented to the Emergency Center due to altered mental status, worsening left-sided weakness, and difficulty speaking. Head computed tomography (CT) scan showed small right-sided fluid collection with right-to-left midline shift and marked opacification of paranasal sinuses with air-fluid levels in frontal sinuses. The patient underwent an emergent craniotomy that revealed subdural empyema under high pressure and was started on vancomycin, cefepime, metronidazole, and levetiracetam. Six hours after his craniotomy, the patient developed fixed dilatation of his right-side pupil and a head CT scan showed developing ischemic changes and increased in his midline shift which prompted to emergent right decompressive craniectomy. The following day of his surgery, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed large acute infarctions of the right hemisphere, edema, and subfalcine herniation. Two brain death exams - 12 hours apart - were performed in which criteria for brain death were met. The patient's subdural empyema culture grew and .
PubMed: 37790026
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44517 -
Toxins May 2018Arcanolysin, produced by the human pathogen , is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin. To mediate the pore-formation process, arcanolysin is secreted by and then must...
Arcanolysin, produced by the human pathogen , is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin. To mediate the pore-formation process, arcanolysin is secreted by and then must interact with cholesterol embedded within a host membrane. However, arcanolysin must compete with membrane components, such as the phospholipid sphingomyelin, to interact with cholesterol and form pores. Cholesterol forms transient hydrogen bonds with the extracellular portion of sphingomyelin, shielding cholesterol from extracellular factors, including arcanolysin. also produces a sphingomyelin-specific phospholipase D, which removes the choline head from sphingomyelin, leaving cyclic-ceramide phosphate and eliminating the potential for cholesterol sequestration. We hypothesized that the enzymatic activity of phospholipase D decreases sphingomyelin-mediated cholesterol sequestration and increases cholesterol accessibility for arcanolysin. Using purified arcanolysin and phospholipase D, we demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of phospholipase D is necessary to promote arcanolysin-mediated hemolysis in both time- and concentration-dependent manners. Phospholipase D promotion of arcanolysin-mediated cytotoxicity was confirmed in Detroit 562 epithelial cells. Furthermore, we determined that incubating phospholipase D with erythrocytes corresponds with an increase in the amount of arcanolysin bound to host membranes. This observation suggests that phospholipase D promotes arcanolysin-mediated cytotoxicity by increasing the ability of arcanolysin to bind to a host membrane.
Topics: Arcanobacterium; Cell Line, Tumor; Cholesterol; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Perforin; Phospholipase D; Sphingomyelins
PubMed: 29882842
DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060213 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jan 2001Two strains of a previously undescribed Arcanobacterium-like bacterium were isolated from a dead harbour porpoise and a dead sallow deer. Biochemical testing and PAGE...
Two strains of a previously undescribed Arcanobacterium-like bacterium were isolated from a dead harbour porpoise and a dead sallow deer. Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains were phenotypically closely related to each other and distinct from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Arcanobacterium. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Arcanobacterium pluranimalium sp. nov. The type strain of Arcanobacterium pluranimalium is CCUG 42575T (= CIP 106442T).
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Deer; Genes, rRNA; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Porpoises; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11211273
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-1-55 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Jun 2008Two uncommon presentations of Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum infection (sinusitis and pharyngitis) are described, emphasizing the poor response to commonly used...
Two uncommon presentations of Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum infection (sinusitis and pharyngitis) are described, emphasizing the poor response to commonly used antibiotics and the possibility of serious local and systemic complications. The difficulties still encountered in the clinical diagnosis are underlined, since this organism could easily pass unrecognized in bacteriological cultures.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Betamethasone; Ceftriaxone; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 18646577
DOI: No ID Found