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Isolation and comparison of Arcanobacterium hippocoleae isolates from the genital tract of 15 mares.Veterinary Microbiology Jan 2019The present study reports the isolation of A. hippocoleae from genital swabs of 15 apparently healthy mares (at least one had an abortion one month earlier) and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The present study reports the isolation of A. hippocoleae from genital swabs of 15 apparently healthy mares (at least one had an abortion one month earlier) and describes the genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of these strains. The mares were of eight different breeds with a thoroughbred dominance and came from 11 breeding farms located in the French region of Brittany. 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the species' identification by comparing it with reference strain A. hippocoleae CIP 106850. Some degree of natural divergence within A. hippocoleae was observed by 16S rRNA sequencing (two 1,002-pb sequences), MALDI-TOF MS typing (two groups), a CAMP test (three different intensities of haemolysis from CAMP-positive results) and API® Coryne system (five profiles). The strains were all susceptible to the antimicrobials tested. A national prevalence survey would be required to estimate the frequency of A. hippocoleae carriage in mares and stallions and to verify the presence of A. hippocoleae outside the French region of Brittany, which is the only one found to be affected in the current study, probably because the isolates were recovered from a single field laboratory in this region.
Topics: Animals; Arcanobacterium; Female; Genitalia; Genotype; Horses; Mass Spectrometry; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Species Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 30593358
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.026 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Oct 2017Infectious skin disorders are not uncommon in mink. Such disorders are important as they have a negative impact on animal health and welfare as well as on the quality...
BACKGROUND
Infectious skin disorders are not uncommon in mink. Such disorders are important as they have a negative impact on animal health and welfare as well as on the quality and value of the fur. This study presents the isolation of Arcanobacterium phocae from mink with severe skin lesions and other pathological conditions, and from wild seals and otters.
RESULTS
In 2015, A. phocae was isolated for the first time in Denmark from outbreaks of dermatitis in mink farms. The outbreaks affected at least 12 farms. Originating from these 12 farms, 23 animals cultured positive for A. phocae. The main clinical findings were necrotizing pododermatitis or dermatitis located to other body sites, such as the lumbar and cervical regions. A. phocae could be isolated from skin lesions and in nine animals also from liver, spleen and lung, indicating a systemic spread. The bacterium was also, for the first time in Denmark, detected in dead seals (n = 9) (lungs, throat or wounds) and otters (n = 2) (throat and foot).
CONCLUSIONS
An infectious skin disorder in mink associated with A. phocae has started to occur in Danish farmed mink. The origin of the infection has not been identified and it is still not clear what the pathogenesis or the port of entry for A. phocae infections are.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Arcanobacterium; Dermatitis; Mink; Otters; Phoca
PubMed: 29073927
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0342-8 -
Surgical Infections Feb 2011
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Aged; Arcanobacterium; Bacteremia; Female; Humans; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 21166597
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2010.069 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jul 2009
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arcanobacterium; Brazil; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Sepsis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19624940
DOI: 10.3201/eid1507.081072 -
Infection and Immunity Oct 1993Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, a pathogen of the human upper respiratory tract and other systems, has been reported to produce soluble toxins, including a phospholipase D...
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, a pathogen of the human upper respiratory tract and other systems, has been reported to produce soluble toxins, including a phospholipase D (PLD). We confirmed production of PLD by this organism and cloned and sequenced pld. Arcanobacterial PLD (PLD-A) was found to be a protein of approximately 31.5 kDa with a pI of approximately 9.4. Cosmid cloning, followed by subcloning into phagemid pBluescriptIISK+, yielded Escherichia coli(pAh140), a recombinant with a gene product corresponding to PLD-A. Evidence of PLD activity was found by three assays in supernatant fluid of cultures of E. coli(pAh140) and A. haemolyticum, but not in E. coli(pBluescriptIISK+). Experiments to determine if this protein was secreted were not conducted, but previous work with PLD from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis suggested that the presence of the enzyme in culture supernatant fluids was due to lysis of E. coli rather than to active transport. Antibodies in polyclonal sera from goats immunized with native or recombinant PLD-A neutralized native and recombinant PLD-A activity, and antibodies against native or recombinant PLD from C. pseudotuberculosis (PLD-P) partially neutralized native and recombinant PLD-A. Antibodies prepared against recombinant PLD-A labelled both recombinant and native PLD-A in Western blots (immunoblots) and dot blots, but antibodies against PLD-P did not. Sequencing of the insert in pAh140 revealed an open reading frame of 930 bp coding for 309 amino acids, including a putative signal sequence of 26 amino acids (3.2 kDa, determined on the basis of homology with the 24-amino-acid signal sequence of pld from C. pseudotuberculosis bv. ovis) and the mature PLD protein (31.5 kDa). Sequence comparisons of coding regions revealed 65% DNA homology with pld genes from C. pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium ulcerans. Comparison of amino acid sequences revealed 64% homology of PLD-A both with PLD-P and with PLD produced by C. ulcerans.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Phospholipase D
PubMed: 8406819
DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.10.4310-4316.1993 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Sep 2020spp. are Gram-positive bacteria which can be found in a wide range of hosts and can be associated with disease in humans and animals. Here, we announce the complete...
spp. are Gram-positive bacteria which can be found in a wide range of hosts and can be associated with disease in humans and animals. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of sp. strain 2701, isolated from a harbor seal from the North Sea.
PubMed: 32943560
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00652-20 -
International Journal of Systematic... Jan 1997A systematic phylogenetic analysis of the genus Actinomyces was performed. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 13 Actinomyces species, an unnamed Actinomyces strain (ATCC...
Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Actinomyces based on 16S rRNA gene sequences: description of Arcanobacterium phocae sp. nov., Arcanobacterium bernardiae comb. nov., and Arcanobacterium pyogenes comb. nov.
A systematic phylogenetic analysis of the genus Actinomyces was performed. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 13 Actinomyces species, an unnamed Actinomyces strain (ATCC 49338), and an Actinomyces-like isolate from sea mammals were determined. Comparative sequence analysis with closely related taxa revealed phylogenetic diversity and internal structure within the genus Actinomyces. In addition, some members of other genera (viz., the genera Arcanobacterium, Mobiluncus, and Rothia) were shown to be phylogenetically intermixed with the Actinomyces species. It was evident from both distance and tree topology considerations that the genus Actinomyces is in urgent need of taxonomic revision and requires subdivision into several genera. Based on the results of the present study it is proposed that Actinomyces bernardiae and Actinomyces pyogenes be assigned to the genus Arcanobacterium as Arcanobacterium bernardiae comb. nov. and Arcanobacterium pyogenes comb. nov., respectively. In addition, a new species, Arcanobacterium phocae, is proposed for Actinomyces-like bacteria isolated from seals.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Bacteriological Techniques; Culture Media; DNA, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
PubMed: 8995800
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-47-1-46 -
Plasmid 1997Plasmids derived from pNG2 or RSF1010 were introduced into strains of Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes by electroporation. Electroporation conditions were varied...
Plasmids derived from pNG2 or RSF1010 were introduced into strains of Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes by electroporation. Electroporation conditions were varied systematically to give a maximum electroporation frequency of 3.7 x 10(5) CFU/microgram DNA at 1.5 kV/cm and 246 omega, resulting in a time constant of approximately 10 ms. The A. pyogenes transformants expressed plasmid-encoded resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin. The source of incoming DNA affected the growth rate of transformants, but not the electroporation efficiency. This is the first report of genetic transformation of the veterinary pathogen A. pyogenes.
Topics: Actinomyces; DNA Replication; Electroporation; Plasmids; Transformation, Bacterial; Virulence
PubMed: 9339471
DOI: 10.1006/plas.1997.1299 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2017There is currently only limited information on the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of spp., spp., and from animals. The comparability of the data is...
There is currently only limited information on the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of spp., spp., and from animals. The comparability of the data is hampered by the use of different antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and interpretive criteria. To date, standard broth microdilution methods and clinical breakpoints that are approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and are applicable to spp., spp., and are available. The lack of species-specific clinical breakpoints for the different animal species reduces the explanatory power of the data. Among the isolates of the three genera, elevated MICs for different classes of antimicrobial agents (e.g., β-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, phenicols, sulfonamides/diaminopyrimidines, and fluoroquinolones) have been described. The most comprehensive data set is available for , which also includes information about genes and mutations involved in antimicrobial resistance. In isolates, the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance genes (B) and (X) were identified. Tetracycline resistance in was based on the resistance genes (W), (Z), and (33), whereas the aminoglycoside resistance genes , , , , , and have been described in . So far, only single genes conferring either phenicol resistance (), trimethoprim resistance (), or β-lactam resistance () are known to occur in isolates. Various 23S rRNA mutations, including A2058T, A2058G, and G2137C, were identified in macrolide/lincosamide-resistant .
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animal Diseases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arcanobacterium; Corynebacterium; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genes, MDR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Species Specificity
PubMed: 29219109
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0021-2017 -
Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014Arcanobacterium phocisimile, a newly described species with the type strain A. phocisimile 2698(T) isolated from a vaginal swab of a harbour seal and four additional...
Arcanobacterium phocisimile, a newly described species with the type strain A. phocisimile 2698(T) isolated from a vaginal swab of a harbour seal and four additional A. phocisimile strains also isolated from four harbour seals could reliably be identified by phenotypic properties, by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and by sequencing the genomic targets 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region and the genes rpoB and gap. The A. phocisimile strains investigated in the present study were isolated together with several other bacterial species indicating that the pathogenic importance of A. phocisimile remains unclear. However, the detection of peptidic spectra by MALDI-TOF MS and the presented phenotypic and genotypic approach might help to identify A. phocisimile in future.
PubMed: 26464945
DOI: 10.1155/2014/923592