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Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont,... 2004The MICs of five antimicrobial agents were determined by the agar dilution method for 98 Arcobacter butzleri and 28 Arcobacter cryaerophilus strains from humans, and...
The MICs of five antimicrobial agents were determined by the agar dilution method for 98 Arcobacter butzleri and 28 Arcobacter cryaerophilus strains from humans, and poultry. With gentamicin, a MIC of 16 microg/ml was recorded for one A. butzleri strain isolated from poultry, whereas for the other strains MICs ranged from 0.25 to 4 microg/ml. With ciprofloxacin, a bimodal distribution of susceptibility levels was seen for human A. butzleri isolates (0.015-0.03 versus 0.12-0.25), whereas MICs for 65 of the 68 A. butzleri poultry strains ranged from 0.12 to 0.5 microg/ml and three strains from three different broilers were resistant with a MIC of 16 microg/ml. One A. cryaerophilus strain from poultry was resistant to erythromycin at a MIC of 128 microg/ml, whereas MICs for the other Arcobacter strains ranged from 2 to 32 microg/ml. No difference in susceptibility or resistance among the human and poultry strains tested was observed with doxycycline and nalidixic acid. The presence of acquired resistance to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin among poultry isolates is a matter of concern, because the two antimicrobials are generally prescribed as first-line drugs for the treatment of infections with Campylobacteraceae in humans.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arcobacter; Chickens; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 15383169
DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2004.10.243 -
Gut Pathogens Dec 2023Arcobacter species are considered emerging foodborne pathogens that can potentially cause serious infections in animals and humans. This cross-sectional study determined...
Antibiotic-Resistant Arcobacter spp. in commercial and smallholder farm animals in Asante Akim North Municipality, Ghana and Korogwe Town Council, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Arcobacter species are considered emerging foodborne pathogens that can potentially cause serious infections in animals and humans. This cross-sectional study determined the frequency of potentially pathogenic Arcobacter spp. in both commercial and smallholder farm animals in Ghana and Tanzania. A total of 1585 and 1047 (poultry and livestock) samples were collected in Ghana and Tanzania, respectively. Selective enrichment media, along with oxidase and Gram testing, were employed for isolation of suspected Arcobacter spp. and confirmation was done using MALDI-TOF MS. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed through disk diffusion method and ECOFFs were generated, for interpretation, based on resulting inhibition zone diameters.
RESULTS
The overall Arcobacter frequency was higher in Ghana (7.0%, n = 111) than in Tanzania (2.0%, n = 21). The frequency of Arcobacter in commercial farms in Ghana was 10.3% (n/N = 83/805), while in Tanzania, it was 2.8% (n/N = 12/430). Arcobacter was detected in only 3.6% (n/N = 28/780) of the samples from smallholder farms in Ghana and 1.5% (n/N = 9/617) of the samples from Tanzania. For commercial farms, in Ghana, the presence of Arcobacter was more abundant in pigs (45.1%, n/N = 37/82), followed by ducks (38.5%, n/N = 10/26) and quails (35.7%, n/N = 10/28). According to MALDI-TOF-based species identification, Arcobacter butzleri (91.6%, n/N = 121/132), Arcobacter lanthieri (6.1%, n/N = 8/132), and Arcobacter cryaerophilus (2.3%, n/N = 3/132) were the only three Arcobacter species detected at both study sites. Almost all of the Arcobacter from Ghana (98.2%, n/N = 109/111) were isolated during the rainy season. The inhibition zone diameters recorded for penicillin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol allowed no determination of an epidemiological cut-off value. However, the results indicated a general resistance to these three antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance was noted in 57.1% (n/N = 12/21) of the Arcobacter isolates from Tanzania and 45.0% (n/N = 50/111) of those from Ghana. The type of farm (commercial or smallholder) and source of the sample (poultry or livestock) were found to be associated with multi-drug resistance.
CONCLUSIONS
The high levels of MDR Arcobacter detected from farms in both countries call for urgent attention and comprehensive strategies to mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance in these pathogens.
PubMed: 38042805
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00588-3 -
PeerJ 2018[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3269.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3269.].
PubMed: 30280008
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3269/correction-1 -
Journal of Food Protection Jan 2008The inhibitory effect of some plant oil aromatics against three strains of Arcobacter butzleri, two strains of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and one strain of Arcobacter...
The inhibitory effect of some plant oil aromatics against three strains of Arcobacter butzleri, two strains of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and one strain of Arcobacter skirrowii was evaluated. When MICs were determined using the broth macrodilution method, cinnamaldehyde was most inhibitory followed by thymol, carvacrol, caffeic acid, tannic acid, and eugenol (P < 0.001). Sublethal concentrations of the three most potent plant oil aromatics also were examined. Overall, cinnamaldehyde was the most bacteriostatic against all arcobacters tested except A. butzleri when these strains were exposed to the MIC25 of this aromatic aldehyde. The bacteriostatic activities of thymol and carvacrol were concentration and species dependent.
Topics: Acrolein; Arcobacter; Caffeic Acids; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Cymenes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eugenol; Food Preservation; Food Preservatives; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monoterpenes; Plant Oils; Species Specificity; Tannins; Thymol
PubMed: 18236678
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.1.165 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021spp. are emerging waterborne and foodborne zoonotic pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. In this work, we evaluated the occurrence and the antimicrobial...
spp. are emerging waterborne and foodborne zoonotic pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. In this work, we evaluated the occurrence and the antimicrobial resistance profile of isolates recovered from different aquatic sources. Besides, we searched for spp. in seaweeds and the corresponding seawater samples. Bacteriological and molecular methods applied to 100 samples led to the isolation of 28 isolates from 27 samples. The highest prevalence was detected in rivers followed by artificial ponds, streams, well waters, and spring waters. Seaweeds contained a higher percentage of than the corresponding seawater samples. The isolates were identified as (96.4%) and (3.6%). All the isolates showed a multi-drug resistance profile, being resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics. Molecular analysis of genetic determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance in nine randomly chosen isolates revealed the presence of and/or This work confirms the occurrence and the continuous emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains in environmental samples; also, the presence of quinolone-resistant spp. in aquatic sources used for water supply and irrigation represents a potential risk for human health.
PubMed: 33802125
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030288 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020(formerly ) is a globally emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen. However, little is known about the species' genomic features and diversity, antibiotic resistance...
(formerly ) is a globally emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen. However, little is known about the species' genomic features and diversity, antibiotic resistance and virulence. In this study, 27 strains from water poultry in Thuringia, Germany, were investigated using whole-genome sequencing. Four of these strains were sequenced using long- and short-read sequencing methods to obtain circularized genomes. The German strains belong to the cluster I. Cluster I genomes exhibited a high degree of genetic diversity in which variable sites comprised 9.1% of the core genome. The German strains formed three subgroups that contained 2, 6, and 9 strains, respectively. The genomic analysis of cluster I revealed variable presence of mobile elements and that 65% of the strains lack CRISPR systems. The four circularized genomes carried a ∼2 Mbp chromosome and a single megaplasmid (size 98.1-154.5 Kbp). The chromosome was densely packed with coding sequences (∼92%) and showed inversions and shifts in the gene blocks between different strains. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed using a gradient strip diffusion method and showed that all 27 strains were resistant to cefotaxime and susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, and ampicillin. Sixteen strains were also resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 23 were resistant to streptomycin. The genetic prediction of antibiotic resistance identified numerous efflux pumps similar to those found in . All strains harbored two beta-lactamase genes which may explain the cefotaxime resistance. A correlation between the A point mutation (Thr-85-Ile) and ciprofloxacin resistance was partially discovered in 15 out of 16 strains. virulence profiling showed a wide range of virulence factors including a full chemotaxis system and most of the flagellar genes. In contrast to , no urease cluster was found. This study provides new insights into the genomic variability of strains of cluster I. The different genetic makeup of these strains may contribute to the virulence of strains and the severity of the infections in humans.
PubMed: 32754133
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01549 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease May 2018Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii are Gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms that cause watery diarrhea and septicemia in humans....
Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii are Gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms that cause watery diarrhea and septicemia in humans. The aims of this study were to detect the presence of Arcobacter spp. in chicken meat from butcher shops in São Paulo (Brazil) and to verify their virulence genes and genotypic profiles. A total of 300 chicken cuts were analyzed. The results show the presence of Arcobacter spp. in 18.3% of samples, which were identified as A. butzleri (63.6%) and A. cryaerophilus (36.3%). All strains were positive for the virulence genes ciaB and mviN, followed by cj1349 (98%), pldA (94.4%), cadF (72.7%), tlyA (92.7%), hecA (49%), irgA (47.2%), and hecB (34.5%). These strains were subjected to single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism. Nineteen genotypic profiles were obtained for A. butzleri, and 17 for A. cryaerophilus. These results confirm the presence of virulent strains of A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus in the chicken meat in Brazil. The presence of potentially virulent strains of Arcobacter highlights a possible public health risk, particularly with respect to ingestion of undercooked foods and cross-contamination from uncooked foods during food preparation and contaminated utensils.
Topics: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Animals; Arcobacter; Brazil; Chickens; Food Safety; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Humans; Meat; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 29406776
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2368 -
International Journal of Food... May 2006The prevalence and diversity of different Arcobacter spp. in various poultry species in Denmark were investigated using cultural and multiplex PCR methods. A pool of...
The prevalence and diversity of different Arcobacter spp. in various poultry species in Denmark were investigated using cultural and multiplex PCR methods. A pool of three fresh droppings obtained at the production site from 70 broiler chicken flocks aged 4-5 weeks was examined. In addition, pools of 10 cloacal swabs taken at the abattoir prior to stunning from each of 15, and 37 duck and turkey flocks, respectively, were analyzed. Thirty fresh broiler chicken carcasses and 29 cloacal swabs from the respective viscera were also examined at the abattoir. Finally, 10 caecal and 10 cloacal swabs from ducks at the abattoir were analyzed individually. In total, 85 Arcobacter isolates were obtained. Of these 45, 20 and 7 were identified as Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii, respectively, using a multiplex PCR. Interestingly, some chicken isolates of A. butzleri showed urease activity, and 6 out of seven A. skirrowi isolates were unable to hydrolyse indoxyl acetate. All chicken carcasses examined were found positive for A. butzleri and/or A. cryaerophilus, whereas 21 (72%) of the 29 chicken cloacal swabs were positive for either A. butzleri (13) or A. cryaerophilus (9). Three (4.3%) out of 70 chicken flocks analyzed were positive only for A. cryaerophilus. Of the ten ducks examined individually, 7 carried A. skirrowii and/or A. cryaerophilus in their cloacae. None of the respective caecal samples were positive. Of the remaining 15 duck flocks, 11 (73%) were positive for A. cryaerophilus (7), A. butzleri (2) or A. skirrowii (2). Four (11%) of the 37 turkey flocks analyzed harboured either A. butzleri or A. cryaerophilus. The carriage rate of Arcobacter was higher in live ducks than those of live broiler chickens and turkeys in the present study. In addition, chicken carcasses slaughtered in Denmark were found to be contaminated with Arcobacter. The presence of Arcobacter spp. both on chicken carcasses and in poultry intestine may be of significance to human health.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chickens; Cloaca; Consumer Product Safety; Ducks; Feces; Food Microbiology; Humans; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Poultry; Species Specificity; Turkeys
PubMed: 16516995
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.01.020 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2020Pathogenic bacteria in wastewater are generally considered to be efficiently removed in biological wastewater treatment plants. This understanding is almost solely based...
Pathogenic bacteria in wastewater are generally considered to be efficiently removed in biological wastewater treatment plants. This understanding is almost solely based on culture-based control measures, and here we show, by applying culture-independent methods, that the removal of species in the genus was less effective than for many other abundant genera in the influent wastewater. was one of the most abundant genera in influent wastewater at 14 municipal wastewater treatment plants and was also abundant in the "clean" effluent from all the plants, reaching up to 30% of all bacteria as analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Metagenomic analyses, culturing, genome sequencing of isolates, and visualization by fluorescent hybridization (FISH) confirmed the presence of the human-pathogenic and in both influent and effluent. The main reason for the high relative abundance in the effluent was probably that cells, compared to those of other abundant genera in the influent, did not flocculate and attach well to the activated sludge flocs, leaving a relatively large fraction dispersed in the water phase. The study shows there is an urgent need for new standardized culture-independent measurements of pathogens in effluent wastewaters, e.g., amplicon sequencing, and an investigation of the problem on a global scale to quantify the risk for humans and livestock. The genus was unexpectedly abundant in the effluent from 14 Danish wastewater treatment plants treating municipal wastewater, and the species included the human-pathogenic and Recent studies have shown that is common in wastewater worldwide, so the study indicates that discharge of members of the genus may be a global problem, and further studies are needed to quantify the risk and potentially minimize the discharge. The study also shows that culture-based analyses are insufficient for proper effluent quality control, and new standardized culture-independent measurements of effluent quality encompassing most pathogens should be considered.
Topics: Arcobacter; Denmark; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater
PubMed: 32111585
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03044-19 -
Revista Do Instituto de Medicina... Nov 2017Arcobacter cryaerophilus is an emerging enteropathogen and potential zoonotic agent transmitted by food and water. In Costa Rica, this bacterium has not been associated...
Arcobacter cryaerophilus is an emerging enteropathogen and potential zoonotic agent transmitted by food and water. In Costa Rica, this bacterium has not been associated with cases of human gastroenteritis, even though it has been isolated from farm animals, especially poultry. This paper reports the first isolation of A. cryaerophilus from a human case of bloody watery diarrhea and the virulence genes associated with this isolate.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Chickens; Costa Rica; Diarrhea; Female; Food Microbiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Meat; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Virulence; Young Adult
PubMed: 29116292
DOI: 10.1590/S1678-9946201759072