-
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018spp. are considered the most common bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the world. The family includes the genus with the three species , , and as...
spp. are considered the most common bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the world. The family includes the genus with the three species , , and as emergent enteropathogens and potential zoonotic agents. Here, we characterized genome sequences of that were isolated from water poultry on farms in Germany. Isolates were cultured, identified by MALDI-TOF MS and identification was verified with PCR assays. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was carried out with erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, tetracycline, gentamicin, and streptomycin using the gradient strip method (-test). We also sequenced whole genomes and predicted antibiotic resistance determinants, virulence factors, performed a phylogenetic analysis to determine the genetic relatedness of these isolates and searched for plasmids.
PubMed: 30619152
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03067 -
PeerJ 2017We explored the bacterial diversity of untreated sewage influent samples of a wastewater treatment plant in Tucson, AZ and discovered that , an emerging human pathogen...
We explored the bacterial diversity of untreated sewage influent samples of a wastewater treatment plant in Tucson, AZ and discovered that , an emerging human pathogen of animal origin, was the most dominant bacterium. The other highly prevalent bacteria were members of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which are major constituents of human gut microbiome, indicating that bacteria of human and animal origin intermingle in sewage. By assembling a near-complete genome of , we show that the bacterium has accumulated a large number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) probably enabling it to thrive in the wastewater. We also determined that a majority of ARGs was being expressed in sewage, suggestive of trace levels of antibiotics or other stresses that could act as a selective force that amplifies multidrug resistant bacteria in municipal sewage. Because all bacteria are not eliminated even after several rounds of wastewater treatment, ARGs in sewage could affect public health due to their potential to contaminate environmental water.
PubMed: 28462059
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3269 -
Food Science & Nutrition May 2024In this study, to investigate spp. contamination post-scalding and de-feathering, post-evisceration, post-chilling, and packaged products, which are the most essential...
In this study, to investigate spp. contamination post-scalding and de-feathering, post-evisceration, post-chilling, and packaged products, which are the most essential contamination stages of broiler slaughter, a total of 108 samples were taken from three different broiler slaughterhouses at different times. Isolates obtained by cultural methods in 104 of 108 samples were analyzed by mPCR method to identify pathogen spp. , , and mixed contamination of both species were detected in 51 samples. Of the 51 isolates, 27 (52.9%) were , 16 (31.4%) were , and 8 (15.7%) were mixed contamination of and , while was not detected. and contamination was 59.2% post-scalding and de-feathering, 43.4% post-evisceration, 44.4% and 48.1% post-chilling and in packaged products, respectively. All strains were found to be 100% resistant to cefoperazone and penicillin and sensitive to tetracycline. strains were 100% resistant to cefoperazone, penicillin, and cloxacillin and susceptible to tetracycline and erythromycin. In the study, it was determined that spp. caused a very intense contamination (85.18%-100%) and also contamination rates of identified pathogen strains ( and ) were very high (59.2% and 43.4%) in broiler slaughtering stages. Considering that each step in broiler slaughter could contaminate the next stage, developing a safe slaughter and minimizing the risk toward the final product, it was concluded that critical control points could not be well managed in broiler slaughterhouses, and broiler meat may pose a significant risk to public health.
PubMed: 38726459
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4013 -
Italian Journal of Food Safety Mar 2021Given that the number of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to the consumption of ready-to-eat vegetables has been widely documented and considering that data on the...
Given that the number of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to the consumption of ready-to-eat vegetables has been widely documented and considering that data on the occurrence of spp. in such foodstuffs are lacking, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of spp. and the occurrence of virulence factors as well as to genotype spp. in ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable samples, using cultural and biomolecular assays. spp. was detected in 16/110 (14.5%) samples, with being detected in 15/16 and in 1/16 isolates. PCRs aimed at the nine putative virulence genes demonstrated widespread distribution of such genes among and isolates. In addition, multilocus sequence type (MLST) analysis revealed a low genetic diversity within the arcobacters isolates. The results underline the need to develop an appropriate surveillance system based on biomolecular characterization for an integrated microbiological risk assessment of ready-toeat vegetables, and consequently of composite foods.
PubMed: 33907683
DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.8585 -
Tropical Animal Health and Production Apr 2017The aim of this study was to perform the identification and molecular characterization of Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter butzleri isolated from caiman (Caiman...
The aim of this study was to perform the identification and molecular characterization of Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter butzleri isolated from caiman (Caiman yacare), kept at a production farm, in Brazil. Forty fecal samples were analyzed. After isolation and identification, 21/40 strains of A. butzleri and 19/40 strains of A. cryaerophilus were subjected to PCR for potential virulence gene detection. The results of the PCR showed 38/40 strains positive for the cadF, cj1349, ciaB, and tlyA genes, 39/40 strains positive for the pldA gene, and 40/40 strains positive for the mviN gene. None of the strains presented the irgA gene. Hemagglutinin (hecA gene) and hemolysin (hecB) genes were detected in 21/40 and 16/40 strains, respectively. The SE-AFLP showed a great genetic diversity, but some clonally groups were disseminated in various tanks. These data reveal that the strains presented the same virulence traits described from Arcobacter isolated from food-borne disease in humans.
Topics: Alligators and Crocodiles; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Animals; Arcobacter; Brazil; Feces; Genetic Variation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 28321791
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1262-3 -
Molecular diagnosis of Arcobacter and Campylobacter in diarrhoeal samples among Portuguese patients.Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Mar 2014The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter and Campylobacter spp. in 298 stool samples of patients with diarrhoea,...
The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter and Campylobacter spp. in 298 stool samples of patients with diarrhoea, collected from 22 Portuguese hospitals, between September and November 2012. Detection of Arcobacter and Campylobacter spp. was performed using molecular-based detection techniques, such as real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR, species-specific PCR, and sequencing of amplified PCR products. Overall, 1.3% of the samples were positive for Arcobacter butzleri and 0.3% for Arcobacter cryaerophilus. Campylobacter spp. were found in 31.9% of diarrhoeic faeces. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter concisus were the most prevalent species (13.7% and 8.0%, respectively). The prevalence of Arcobacter and Campylobacter spp. was significantly different between children and adults (39.7% versus 22.8%, P = 0.003). We underline the high prevalence of these pathogens in diarrhoeal samples among Portuguese patients, with particular relevance in the paediatric age group.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arcobacter; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Portugal; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Young Adult
PubMed: 24361090
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.11.021 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Jul 2014Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus were isolated from samples of raw untreated domestic sewage influent from nine separate wastewater treatment facilities...
UNLABELLED
Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus were isolated from samples of raw untreated domestic sewage influent from nine separate wastewater treatment facilities in Cheshire, UK. This is the first report of Arcobacter spp. from sewage in the UK and suggests that Arcobacter spp. may be present in the human community.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Studies have shown Arcobacter spp. to be present in domestic sewage in several European countries. This study supports previous findings with the first report of Arcobacter spp. in domestic sewage in the UK. This study suggests that Arcobacter spp. is present amongst local human populations, implicating it as an underestimated gastrointestinal pathogen in the UK and contributing to our understanding of this emerging pathogen and its presence within the UK. Providing a confirmation of the presence of Arcobacter in sewage, which supports previous studies, this paper will appeal to fellow researchers of Arcobacter, as well as healthcare and water treatment professionals concerned with microbiology, water safety and gastroenterology, potentially having a wide impact.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; England; Humans; Sewage; Urban Population; Wastewater; Water Microbiology; Water Purification
PubMed: 24666283
DOI: 10.1111/lam.12256 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022spp. is a globally emerging zoonotic and foodborne pathogen. However, little is known about its prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in China. To investigate the...
spp. is a globally emerging zoonotic and foodborne pathogen. However, little is known about its prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in China. To investigate the prevalence of spp. isolated from various sources, 396 samples were collected from human feces, chicken cecum, and food specimens including chicken meat, beef, pork, lettuce, and seafood. spp. was isolated by the membrane filtration method. For 92 strains, the agar dilution method and next-generation sequencing were used to investigate their antimicrobial resistance and to obtain whole genome data, respectively. The virulence factor database (VFDB) was queried to identify virulence genes. ResFinder and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) were used to predict resistance genes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method with core single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found that 27.5% of the samples ( = 109) were positive for spp., comprising (53.0%), (39.6%), and (7.4%). Chicken meat had the highest prevalence (81.2%), followed by seafood (51.9%), pork (43.3%), beef (36.7%), lettuce (35.5%), chicken cecum (8%), and human fecal samples (0%, 0/159). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that 51 and 40 strains were resistant to streptomycin (98.1, 70%), clindamycin (94.1, 90%), tetracycline (64.7, 52.5%), azithromycin (43.1%, 15%), nalidixic acid (33.4, 35%), and ciprofloxacin (31.3, 35%) but were susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, telithromycin, and clindamycin (≤10%). was sensitive to all experimental antibiotics. The virulence factors A, , and were carried by all spp. strains at 100%, and the following percentages were (95.7%), (23.9%), 2.2%, and (1.1%). Only one strain (F061-2G) carried a macrolide resistance gene (). One and one harbored resistance island gene clusters, which were isolated from pork and chicken. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that , and were separated from each other. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of spp. from vegetables and seafood in China. The resistance island gene cluster found in pork and chicken meat and the presence of virulence factors could be a potential risk to human health.
PubMed: 36532418
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004224 -
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica Jun 2006Arcobacter cryaerophilus was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection...
Arcobacter cryaerophilus was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection into 40 healthy 1-year-old rainbow trout at 16 degrees C. The lethal dosage of 50% end point (LD50) for A. cryaerophilus was calculated 2.25 x 10(4) viable cells. Experimental infection caused deaths with gross clinical abnormalities such as degenerated opercula and gills, liver damage, haemorrhagic kidney and serous fluid in swollen intestines. The counts of A. cryaerophilus in kidney, liver and gills of experimentally infected fish ranged from 1.59 x 10(10) colony forming units (cfu)/g to 7.41 x 10(12) cfu/g. The means of erythrocyte (RBC) count, haematocrit level, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin and total protein concentrations in the blood of the experimentally infected rainbow trout group were significantly lower than in the healthy fish. Leukocyte (WBC) counts of the experimentally infected rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of healthy fish. The present work shows that the selected blood characteristics may be good indicators of response to infections in rainbow trout.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Blood Proteins; Cholesterol; Erythrocyte Count; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Gills; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hematocrit; Kidney; Leukocyte Count; Liver; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Triglycerides
PubMed: 16841757
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.54.2006.2.6 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1997Arcobacter cryaerophilus group 1B, a gram-negative, curved or helical bacillus primarily known as a bovine and porcine pathogen, was isolated from the blood of a uremic...
Arcobacter cryaerophilus group 1B, a gram-negative, curved or helical bacillus primarily known as a bovine and porcine pathogen, was isolated from the blood of a uremic patient with hematogenous pneumonia. The patient was treated successfully with ceftizoxime and tobramycin.
Topics: Aged; Bacteremia; Ceftizoxime; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Tobramycin; Uremia
PubMed: 9003624
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.2.489-491.1997